Masiku ano, chitukuko cha mafakitale osiyanasiyana chikufulumira kwambiri, ndi zinthu zomwe zikusintha nthawi zonse komanso zofunikira kwambiri pa khalidwe la zinthu komanso chilengedwe. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mafakitale osiyanasiyana adzakhalanso ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zipinda zoyera.
Muyezo wa kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera
Khodi yopangira chipinda choyera ku China ndi muyezo wa GB50073-2013. Mulingo wonse wa ukhondo wa mpweya m'zipinda zoyera ndi malo oyera uyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi tebulo lotsatira.
| Kalasi | Tinthu tambirimbiri/m3 | FED STD 209EEequivalent | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Kalasi 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Kalasi 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Kalasi 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Kalasi 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Kalasi 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Kalasi 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Mpweya wa Chipinda | |||
Kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'zipinda zoyera
1. Kapangidwe ka kayendedwe ka mpweya kayenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
(1) Kapangidwe ka mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya woperekedwa m'chipinda choyera (malo) ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Ngati kufunikira kwa kuyeretsa mpweya kuli kokhwima kuposa ISO 4, kuyenda kwa mpweya kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; Ngati kuyeretsa mpweya kuli pakati pa ISO 4 ndi ISO 5, kuyenda kwa mpweya kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; Ngati kuyeretsa mpweya kuli ISO 6-9, kuyenda kwa mpweya kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Kufalikira kwa mpweya m'chipinda choyera chogwirira ntchito kuyenera kukhala kofanana.
(3) Liwiro la mpweya m'chipinda choyera chogwirira ntchito liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.
2. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya woperekedwa m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kukhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa zinthu zitatu zotsatirazi:
(1) Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wokwanira womwe umakwaniritsa zofunikira pa mulingo wa kuyeretsa mpweya.
(2) Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumatsimikiziridwa kutengera kuwerengera kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi.
(3) Chiwerengero cha mpweya wabwino wofunikira kuti munthu aliyense m'chipinda choyera alandire mpweya wotuluka m'nyumba komanso kuti mpweya wabwino ukhalebe m'nyumba; Onetsetsani kuti mpweya wabwino umapezeka kwa munthu aliyense m'chipinda choyera osapitirira 40m pa ola limodzi.
3. Kapangidwe ka zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'chipinda choyera kayenera kuganizira momwe mpweya umayendera komanso kuyeretsa mpweya kumakhudzira, ndipo kayenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
(1) Benchi yogwirira ntchito yoyera siyenera kuyikidwa m'chipinda choyera cha mayendedwe oyenda mbali imodzi, ndipo njira yotulutsira mpweya wobwerera m'chipinda choyera cha mayendedwe oyenda mbali imodzi iyenera kukhala kutali ndi benchi yogwirira ntchito yoyera.
(2) Zipangizo zoyendetsera ntchito zomwe zimafuna mpweya wabwino ziyenera kukonzedwa mbali ya mphepo ya chipinda choyera.
(3) Pakakhala zipangizo zotenthetsera, njira ziyenera kutengedwa kuti muchepetse mphamvu ya mpweya wotentha pa kufalikira kwa mpweya.
(4) Valavu yotsalira ya mpweya iyenera kuyikidwa mbali ya mphepo yotsika ya mpweya woyera.
Chithandizo choyeretsa mpweya
1. Kusankha, kukonza, ndi kukhazikitsa zosefera mpweya kuyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
(1) Kuyeretsa mpweya kuyenera kusankha bwino zosefera mpweya kutengera kuchuluka kwa ukhondo wa mpweya.
(2) Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wokonzedwa mu fyuluta ya mpweya kuyenera kukhala kochepera kapena kofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyesedwa.
(3) Zosefera mpweya wapakati kapena wa hepa ziyenera kuyikidwa mu gawo la kupanikizika kwabwino kwa bokosi la mpweya woziziritsa.
(4) Mukagwiritsa ntchito zosefera za hepa ndi zosefera za hepa ngati zosefera zomaliza, ziyenera kuyikidwa kumapeto kwa makina oyeretsera mpweya. Zosefera za hepa za Ultra ziyenera kuyikidwa kumapeto kwa makina oyeretsera mpweya.
(5) Mphamvu yolimbana ndi ma fyuluta a mpweya a hepa (sub hepa, ultra hepa) omwe amayikidwa m'chipinda choyera chimodzi iyenera kukhala yofanana.
(6) Njira yokhazikitsira ma fyuluta a mpweya a hepa (sub hepa, ultra hepa) iyenera kukhala yolimba, yosavuta, yodalirika, komanso yosavuta kuzindikira kutuluka ndikusintha.
2. Mpweya watsopano wa makina oyeretsera mpweya m'mafakitale akuluakulu oyera uyenera kukonzedwa pakati kuti ukhale woyeretsera mpweya.
3. Kapangidwe ka makina oyeretsera mpweya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wobwerera moyenera.
4. Wokonda makina oyeretsera mpweya ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira mafupipafupi.
- Njira zodzitetezera ku kuzizira ziyenera kutengedwa pamakina apadera opumira mpweya wakunja m'malo ozizira kwambiri komanso ozizira.
Kutentha, mpweya wabwino, ndi kulamulira utsi
1. Zipinda zoyera zokhala ndi mpweya woyeretsera woposa ISO 8 siziloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiator potenthetsera.
2. Zipangizo zotulutsira utsi m'deralo ziyenera kuyikidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga fumbi ndi mpweya woipa m'zipinda zoyera.
3. Pazochitika zotsatirazi, makina otulutsira utsi m'deralo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa padera:
(1) Chotsukira utsi chosakanikirana chingapange kapena kukulitsa kuwonongeka, poizoni, zoopsa zoyaka ndi kuphulika, komanso kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zina.
(2) Chida chotulutsira utsi chili ndi mpweya woipa.
(3) Chida chotulutsira utsi chili ndi mpweya woyaka komanso wophulika.
4. Kapangidwe ka makina otulutsira utsi m'chipinda choyera kayenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
(1) Kubwerera kwa mpweya wakunja kuyenera kupewedwa.
(2) Makina otulutsa utsi am'deralo okhala ndi zinthu zoyaka moto ndi zophulika ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zopewera moto ndi kuphulika kutengera momwe zimakhalira ndi thupi komanso mankhwala.
(3) Pamene kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza mu utsi wa fodya zapitirira malamulo a dziko kapena chigawo okhudza kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimatuluka mu utsi wa fodya, chithandizo chopanda vuto chiyenera kuchitika.
(4) Pa makina otulutsa utsi okhala ndi nthunzi ya madzi ndi zinthu zokoka mpweya, malo otsetsereka ndi malo otulutsira mpweya ayenera kukhazikitsidwa.
5. Njira zopumira mpweya ziyenera kutengedwa m'zipinda zothandizira monga kusintha nsapato, kusunga zovala, kuchapa, zimbudzi, ndi shawa, ndipo mphamvu yamkati yosasunthika iyenera kukhala yotsika kuposa ya malo oyera.
6. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakupanga, makina otulutsira utsi wa ngozi ayenera kuyikidwa. Makina otulutsira utsi wa ngozi ayenera kukhala ndi ma switch odziwongolera okha komanso owongolera ndi manja, ndipo ma switch owongolera ndi manja ayenera kukhala padera m'chipinda choyera komanso kunja kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta.
7. Kukhazikitsa zipangizo zotulutsira utsi m'malo oyeretsera utsi kuyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
(1) Zipangizo zotulutsira utsi wa makina ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo otulutsira utsi m'malo oyera.
(2) Malo otulutsira utsi omwe aikidwa mu malo oyeretsera utsi ayenera kutsatira malamulo oyenera a muyezo wadziko lonse womwe ulipo.
Njira zina zopangira chipinda choyera
1. Malo ochitira ntchito yoyera ayenera kukhala ndi zipinda ndi malo oyeretsera antchito ndi zinthu zina, komanso zipinda zogona ndi zina zofunika.
2. Kukhazikitsa zipinda zoyeretsera anthu ndi zipinda zochezera kuyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
(1) Chipinda chiyenera kukonzedwa kuti chiyeretsedwe ndi antchito, monga kusunga zovala zamvula, kusintha nsapato ndi malaya, ndi kusintha zovala zoyera zantchito.
(2) Zimbudzi, mabafa, zipinda zosambira, zimbudzi ndi zipinda zina zochezera, komanso zipinda zosambira zopumira mpweya, maloko opumira mpweya, zipinda zotsukira zovala zantchito, ndi zipinda zoumitsira mpweya, zitha kukhazikitsidwa ngati pakufunika kutero.
3. Kapangidwe ka zipinda zoyeretsera anthu ndi zipinda zochezera ziyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
(1) Njira zoyeretsera nsapato ziyenera kuyikidwa pakhomo la chipinda choyeretsera antchito.
(2) Zipinda zosungiramo majekete ndi kusintha zovala zoyera zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa padera.
(3) Kabati yosungiramo zovala zakunja iyenera kupangidwa ndi kabati imodzi pa munthu aliyense, ndipo zovala zoyera zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kupachikidwa mu kabati yoyera yokhala ndi mpweya wozizira komanso shawa.
(4) Bafa liyenera kukhala ndi malo osambira m'manja ndi kuumitsa.
(5) Chipinda chosambira mpweya chiyenera kukhala pakhomo la ogwira ntchito pamalo oyera komanso pafupi ndi chipinda chosinthira zovala zoyera. Chipinda chosambira mpweya cha munthu mmodzi chimakonzedwa kwa anthu 30 aliwonse pa nthawi yokwanira yosinthira. Ngati pali antchito oposa 5 pamalo oyera, chitseko chodutsa chiyenera kuyikidwa mbali imodzi ya chipinda chosambira mpweya.
(6) Zipinda zoyeretsera madzi zolunjika mbali imodzi zomwe ndi zolimba kuposa ISO 5 ziyenera kukhala ndi maloko olowera mpweya.
(7) Zimbudzi siziloledwa m'malo oyera. Chimbudzi chomwe chili mkati mwa chipinda choyeretsera anthu chiyenera kukhala ndi chipinda chakutsogolo.
4. Njira yoyendera anthu oyenda pansi iyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa:
(1) Njira yoyendera anthu oyenda pansi iyenera kupewa malo olumikizirana.
(2) Kapangidwe ka zipinda zoyeretsera anthu ndi zipinda zochezera ziyenera kugwirizana ndi njira zoyeretsera anthu.
5. Malinga ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya ukhondo wa mpweya ndi chiwerengero cha antchito, malo omangira chipinda choyeretsera antchito ndi chipinda chochezera mu malo ochitirako ntchito yoyera ayenera kudziwika bwino, ndipo ayenera kuwerengedwa kutengera chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali mu kapangidwe ka malo oyera, kuyambira mamita awiri mpaka mamita anayi pa munthu aliyense.
6. Zofunikira pakuyeretsa mpweya m'zipinda zogwirira ntchito zoyera komanso m'zipinda zochapira ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera zofunikira pa njira yopangira zinthu komanso kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa mpweya m'zipinda zoyera zapafupi (madera).
7. Zipangizo zoyera m'chipinda ndi malo olowera ndi otulukira ziyenera kukhala ndi zipinda zoyeretsera zinthu ndi zipangizo kutengera mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zomwe zili mu chipangizocho. Kapangidwe ka chipinda choyeretsera zinthu kuyenera kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zoyeretsera panthawi yotumizira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-17-2023