Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipinda zoyera, monga chipinda choyera chopangira zinthu zamagetsi, mankhwala, zinthu zachipatala, chakudya, zida zachipatala, makina olondola, mankhwala abwino, ndege, ndege, ndi zinthu zamakampani a nyukiliya. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipinda zoyera izi imaphatikizapo sikelo, njira zopangira zinthu, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipinda zoyera ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana zowongolera zoipitsa m'malo oyera; choyimira wamba chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri kuwongolera tinthu toipitsa ndi chipinda choyera chopangira zinthu zamagetsi, chomwe chimayang'anira makamaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Choyimira wamba cha cholinga ndi chipinda choyera chopangira mankhwala. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi amagetsi apamwamba, monga zipinda zoyera zazikulu kwambiri zopangira chip chophatikizidwa, siziyenera kungowongolera tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tochepa, komanso kuwongolera mosamala zoipitsa za mankhwala/zoipitsa mamolekyu mumlengalenga.
Mulingo wa kuyeretsa mpweya wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chipinda choyera umagwirizana ndi mtundu wa chinthucho ndi njira yake yopangira. Mulingo wa kuyeretsa womwe umafunika pa chipinda choyera m'makampani amagetsi ndi IS03~8. Zipinda zina zoyera zopangira zinthu zamagetsi zilinso ndi zida zopangira zinthu. Chipangizochi chili ndi mulingo wa kuyeretsa wa IS0 kalasi 1 kapena ISO kalasi 2; malo ochitirako ntchito yoyeretsa yopanga mankhwala amachokera ku mitundu ingapo ya "Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceuticals" yaku China ya mankhwala osabala, mankhwala osabala, Pali malamulo omveka bwino okhudza kuyeretsa chipinda choyera cha mankhwala achikhalidwe aku China, ndi zina zotero. "Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceuticals" yaku China imagawa milingo ya kuyeretsa mpweya m'magawo anayi: A, B, C, ndi D. Poganizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chipinda choyera chili ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ndi kupanga zinthu, masikelo osiyanasiyana, ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana ya ukhondo. Ukadaulo waukadaulo, zida ndi machitidwe, ukadaulo wa mapaipi ndi mapaipi, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga uinjiniya ndizovuta kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi uinjiniya m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chipinda choyera ndizosiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga m'ma workshop oyera m'makampani amagetsi ndi kosiyana kwambiri pakupanga zida zamagetsi ndi kupanga zida zamagetsi. Kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga m'ma workshop oyera a njira yokonzekera ndi kulongedza zinthu zophatikizika ndi kosiyana kwambiri. Ngati ndi zinthu zamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga m'chipinda choyera, makamaka pakupanga ma wafer a circuit ophatikizika ndi kupanga ma panel a LCD, kumaphatikizapo: (kupatula kapangidwe kake ka fakitale, ndi zina zotero) kukongoletsa nyumba yoyera, kuyeretsa makina oziziritsira mpweya, makina otulutsa utsi/otulutsa utsi ndi malo ake ochiritsira, kuyika madzi ndi malo otulutsira madzi (kuphatikiza madzi ozizira, madzi amoto, madzi oyera/makina amadzi oyera kwambiri, madzi otayira, ndi zina zotero), kuyika malo operekera mpweya (kuphatikiza makina a gasi ambiri, makina apadera a gasi, makina oponderezedwa a mpweya, ndi zina zotero), kuyika makina operekera mankhwala, kuyika malo amagetsi (kuphatikiza zingwe zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero). Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa magwero a gasi m'malo operekera mpweya, malo operekera madzi amadzi oyera ndi machitidwe ena, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zokhudzana nazo, zambiri mwa izo sizimayikidwa m'mafakitale oyera, koma mapaipi awo ndi ofala.
Kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa malo owongolera phokoso, zida zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka kwa ma micro-vibration, zida zotsutsana ndi static, ndi zina zotero m'zipinda zoyera zayambitsidwa. Zomwe zili mu ntchito yomanga malo oyeretsera mankhwala makamaka zikuphatikizapo kukongoletsa nyumba yoyera ya chipinda, kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa makina oyeretsera mpweya, ndi kukhazikitsa makina otulutsa utsi, kukhazikitsa malo operekera madzi ndi ngalande (kuphatikizapo madzi ozizira, madzi amoto, madzi otayira opangira, ndi zina zotero), kukhazikitsa makina operekera mpweya (makina oponderezedwa mpweya, ndi zina zotero), kukhazikitsa makina operekera madzi oyera ndi operekera madzi, kukhazikitsa zipangizo zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero.
Kuchokera pa zomwe zili mu zomangamanga za mitundu iwiri ya malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe ali pamwambapa, zitha kuwoneka kuti zomwe zili mu zomangamanga ndi zoyikamo m'malo osiyanasiyana ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana. Ngakhale kuti "mayinawa ndi ofanana, tanthauzo la zomwe zili mkati mwa nyumba nthawi zina limasiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kumanga zinthu zoyera zokongoletsa ndi zokongoletsera m'chipinda, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi opangira zinthu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zipinda zoyera zosakanikirana za ISO class 5, ndipo pansi pa chipinda choyera pamakhala pansi lokwezedwa ndi mabowo obwerera; Pansi pa pansi lokwezedwa la pansi lopangira pali mezzanine yaukadaulo yapansi, ndipo pamwamba pa denga lopachikidwa pali mezzanine yaukadaulo yapamwamba. Nthawi zambiri, mezzanine yaukadaulo yapamwamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati plenum yoperekera mpweya, ndipo mezzanine yaukadaulo yapansi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati plenum yobwezera mpweya; Mpweya ndi mpweya woperekera sizingadetsedwe ndi zinthu zodetsa. Ngakhale kuti palibe kufunikira kwa ukhondo pa mezzanine yaukadaulo yapamwamba/yotsika, pansi ndi makoma a mezzanine yaukadaulo yapamwamba/yotsika nthawi zambiri ayenera kupakidwa utoto ngati pakufunika, ndipo nthawi zambiri pa mezzanine yaukadaulo yapamwamba/yotsika. Malo olumikizirana aukadaulo amatha kukhala ndi mapaipi amadzi ofanana, mapaipi a gasi, mapaipi osiyanasiyana amlengalenga, ndi mapaipi osiyanasiyana amadzi malinga ndi zosowa za mapaipi ndi mawaya (zingwe) a ntchito iliyonse.
Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipinda zoyera zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana kapena zolinga zomangira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu, kapena ngakhale mitundu ya zinthuzo ndi yofanana, pali kusiyana kwa kukula kapena njira zopangira/zipangizo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zomangira chipinda choyera n'kosiyana. Chifukwa chake, kumanga ndi kukhazikitsa mapulojekiti enieni a zipinda zoyera kuyenera kuchitika motsatira zofunikira za zojambula za kapangidwe ka uinjiniya, zikalata ndi zofunikira za mgwirizano pakati pa gulu lomanga ndi mwiniwake. Nthawi yomweyo, zofunikira ndi zofunikira za miyezo ndi zofunikira ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamala. Potengera kusanthula molondola zikalata za kapangidwe ka uinjiniya, njira zomangira zogwirira ntchito, mapulani ndi miyezo yabwino yomangira mapulojekiti enaake a uinjiniya woyera ziyenera kupangidwa, ndipo mapulojekiti a zipinda zoyera omwe akuchitika ayenera kumalizidwa pa nthawi yake komanso ndi zomangamanga zapamwamba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-30-2023