Chipinda choyera pansi chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zofunikira za kupanga, mlingo waukhondo ndi ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, makamaka kuphatikizapo terrazzo pansi, zokutira pansi (polyurethane ❖ kuyanika, epoxy kapena poliyesitala, etc), zomatira pansi (polyethylene board, etc). pansi okwera (osunthika), etc.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ntchito yomanga zipinda zoyera ku China idagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pansi, kupenta, zokutira (monga epoxy flooring), komanso pansi (zosunthika).Padziko lonse lapansi "Code for Construction and Quality Acceptance of Clean Factory" (GB 51110), malamulo ndi zofunikira zimapangidwira pomanga mapulojekiti okutira pansi ndi malo okwera kwambiri (osunthika) pogwiritsa ntchito zokutira zotengera madzi, zokutira zosungunulira, monga komanso zokutira fumbi ndi nkhungu zosagwira.
(1) Ubwino womanga wa pulojekiti yophimba pansi m'chipinda choyera cha zokutira pansi poyamba zimadalira "khalidwe la maziko".M'mafotokozedwe ofunikira, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti kukonzanso kwa gawo loyambira kumakwaniritsa malamulo ndi zofunikira zaukadaulo wofunikira komanso zolemba zapadera zaumisiri musanayambe kumanga zokutira pansi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti simenti, mafuta, ndi zotsalira zina pa wosanjikiza pansi amatsukidwa;Ngati chipinda choyera chili pansi pa nyumbayo, chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti chosanjikiza madzi chakonzedwa ndikuvomerezedwa kuti ndi oyenerera;Pambuyo poyeretsa fumbi, madontho a mafuta, zotsalira, ndi zina zotero pamwamba pa m'munsi wosanjikiza, makina opukutira ndi burashi yazitsulo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta, kukonza ndi kuzipanga, ndiyeno kuzichotsa ndi chotsukira;Ngati malo oyambirira a kukonzanso (kukulitsa) atsukidwa ndi utoto, utomoni, kapena PVC, pamwamba pa mazikowo ayenera kupukutidwa bwino, ndipo putty kapena simenti iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzanso ndi kusanja pamwamba pa maziko.Pamene pamwamba pa m'munsi wosanjikiza ndi konkire, pamwamba ayenera kukhala olimba, youma, ndi wopanda uchi, ufa kusenda, kusweka, peeling, ndi zochitika zina, ndipo ayenera kukhala lathyathyathya ndi yosalala;Pamene maphunziro oyambira amapangidwa ndi matailosi a ceramic, terrazzo ndi mbale yachitsulo, kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa mbale zoyandikana sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 1.0mm, ndipo mbale siziyenera kumasuka kapena kusweka.
Chomangira chomangira chapamwamba cha polojekiti yophimba pansi chiyenera kumangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira izi: sikuyenera kukhala ndi ntchito zopangira pamwamba kapena kuzungulira malo ophimba, ndipo njira zotetezera fumbi ziyenera kuchitidwa;Kusakaniza kwa zokutira kuyenera kuyesedwa molingana ndi chiŵerengero chosakanikirana chosakanikirana ndikugwedezeka bwino;Makulidwe a zokutira ayenera kukhala yunifolomu, ndipo pasakhale zosiyidwa kapena whitening pambuyo ntchito;Pakulumikizana ndi zida ndi makoma, utoto suyenera kutsatiridwa kuzinthu zofunikira monga makoma ndi zida.❖ kuyanika pamwamba ayenera mosamalitsa kutsatira zofunika izi: ℃ pamwamba ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ pambuyo ℃ pambuyo ℃Makulidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a zokutira ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zopangira.Kupatuka kwa makulidwe sikuyenera kupitirira 0.2mm;Chosakaniza chilichonse chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa nthawi yodziwika ndikujambulidwa;Ntchito yomanga pamwamba iyenera kumalizidwa nthawi imodzi.Ngati ntchito yomangayo ikuchitika pang'onopang'ono, zolumikizira ziyenera kukhala zochepa ndikuyika malo obisika.Zolumikizira ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zosalala, ndipo zisalekanitsidwe kapena kuwululidwa;Pamwamba pa wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala wopanda ming'alu, thovu, delamination, maenje, ndi zochitika zina;Kukana kwa voliyumu ndi kukana kwapansi kwa anti-static ground kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.
Ngati zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka pansi sizikusankhidwa bwino, zidzakhudza mwachindunji ukhondo wa mpweya wa chipinda choyera pambuyo pa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa khalidwe la mankhwala komanso ngakhale kulephera kupanga mankhwala oyenerera.Choncho, malamulo oyenerera amatsimikizira kuti zinthu monga kutsimikizira nkhungu, zosatetezedwa ndi madzi, zosavuta kuyeretsa, zosavala, fumbi lochepa, palibe fumbi losaunjikana, komanso palibe kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zovulaza ku khalidwe la mankhwala kuyenera kusankhidwa.Mtundu wa nthaka pambuyo pa kujambula uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe a uinjiniya, ndipo uyenera kukhala yunifolomu mumtundu, popanda kusiyana kwa mtundu, chitsanzo, ndi zina zotero.
(2) Malo okwera kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipinda zoyera m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka m'zipinda zoyera za unidirectional.Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapansi yokwezeka nthawi zambiri imayikidwa muzipinda zoyera za ISO5 ndi pamwamba kuti zitsimikizire mayendedwe a mpweya ndi zofunikira za liwiro la mphepo.China tsopano ikhoza kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zokwera pamwamba, kuphatikizapo pansi mpweya, anti-static floors, etc. Panthawi yomanga nyumba zoyera za fakitale, katundu nthawi zambiri amagulidwa kuchokera kwa opanga akatswiri.Chifukwa chake, mu muyezo wadziko lonse wa GB 51110, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana chiphaso cha fakitale ndi lipoti loyang'anira malo okwera kwambiri asanamangidwe, ndipo tsatanetsatane uliwonse uyenera kukhala ndi malipoti oyendera kuti atsimikizire kuti malo okwera okwera ndi mawonekedwe ake amakumana ndi kapangidwe ndi zonyamula katundu.
Pansi yomangapo yoyikapo malo okwera kwambiri m'chipinda choyera ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi: malo okwera pansi ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe a uinjiniya;Pansi pa nthaka iyenera kukhala yathyathyathya, yosalala, yopanda fumbi, yokhala ndi chinyontho chosaposa 8%, ndipo iyenera kuphimbidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake.Pamalo okwera okwera omwe amafunikira mpweya wabwino, kuchuluka kwa kutsegulira ndi kugawa, pobowo kapena m'mphepete mwake pamtundawu ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe kake.Zosanjikiza ndi zida zothandizira pazipinda zokwezeka ziyenera kukhala zathyathyathya komanso zolimba, ndipo ziyenera kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito monga kukana kuvala, kukana nkhungu, kukana chinyezi, kusanjikiza moto kapena kusayaka, kukana kuipitsidwa, kukana kukalamba, kukana kwa asidi amchere, komanso kusinthasintha kwamagetsi. .Kulumikizana kapena kugwirizana pakati pa mizati yokwera pamwamba ndi pansi pa nyumbayo kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kodalirika.Zigawo zazitsulo zogwirizanitsa zomwe zimathandizira kumunsi kwa mtengo wowongoka ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe, ndipo ulusi wowonekera wazitsulo zokhazikika siziyenera kukhala zosachepera 3. Kupatuka kwapang'ono kovomerezeka kwa kuyika kwapamwamba pamwamba pamtunda wapamwamba.
Kuyika kwa mbale zapangodya za malo okwera okwera m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kudulidwa ndi kupachikidwa malinga ndi momwe zilili pamalopo, ndipo zothandizira zosinthika ndi zopingasa ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa.Malumikizidwe pakati pa kudula ndi khoma ayenera kudzazidwa ndi zinthu zofewa, zopanda fumbi.Pambuyo poika malo okwera pamwamba, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti palibe kugwedezeka kapena phokoso pamene mukuyenda, ndipo ndi yolimba komanso yodalirika.Pamwamba pake payenera kukhala lathyathyathya ndi loyera, ndipo zolumikizira za mbale ziyenera kukhala zopingasa komanso zoyima.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-19-2023