Pansi pa chipinda choyera chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zofunikira pakupanga, mulingo wa ukhondo ndi ntchito za chinthucho, makamaka kuphatikiza pansi pa terrazzo, pansi lokutidwa (polyurethane coating, epoxy kapena polyester, etc), pansi lomatira (polyethylene board, etc), pansi lokwezedwa kwambiri (losunthika), ndi zina zotero.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kumanga zipinda zoyera ku China kwakhala kukugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pansi, utoto, utoto (monga utoto wa epoxy), ndi utoto wokwezedwa kwambiri (wosunthika). Mu muyezo wadziko lonse wa "Code for Construction and Quality Acceptance of Clean Factoryies" (GB 51110), malamulo ndi zofunikira zimapangidwa pomanga mapulojekiti opaka utoto pansi ndi pansi wokwezedwa kwambiri (wosunthika) pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wopangidwa ndi madzi, utoto wopangidwa ndi zosungunulira, komanso utoto woteteza fumbi ndi nkhungu.
(1) Ubwino wa ntchito yomanga ya pulojekiti yophimba pansi m'chipinda choyera cha pulasitiki ya pansi choyamba umadalira "mkhalidwe wa pulasitiki ya pansi". Muzofunikira zoyenera, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti kukonza pulasitiki ya pansi kukukwaniritsa malamulo ndi zofunikira za akatswiri oyenerera komanso zikalata zinazake zaukadaulo musanayambe kumanga pulasitiki ya pansi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti simenti, mafuta, ndi zotsalira zina pa pulasitiki ya pansi zatsukidwa; Ngati chipinda choyera chili pansi pa nyumbayo, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti pulasitiki yosalowa madzi yakonzedwa ndipo yavomerezedwa ngati yoyenera; Pambuyo poyeretsa fumbi, madontho a mafuta, zotsalira, ndi zina zotero pamwamba pa pulasitiki ya pansi, makina opukutira ndi burashi ya waya wachitsulo ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupukuta, kukonza ndi kulinganiza bwino, kenako kuzichotsa ndi vacuum cleaner; Ngati nthaka yoyambirira yokonzanso (yokulitsa) yatsukidwa ndi utoto, utomoni, kapena PVC, pamwamba pa pulasitiki ya pansi pa nyumbayo payenera kupukutidwa bwino, ndipo putty kapena simenti ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza ndi kulinganiza pamwamba pa pulasitiki ya pansi. Pamene pamwamba pa maziko ndi konkire, pamwamba pake payenera kukhala polimba, pouma, komanso popanda uchi, pobowola ngati ufa, posweka, pobowola, ndi zina zotero, ndipo payenera kukhala posalala komanso posalala; Pamene maziko ake apangidwa ndi matailosi a ceramic, terrazzo ndi mbale yachitsulo, kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa mbale zoyandikana sikuyenera kupitirira 1.0mm, ndipo mbalezo siziyenera kumasuka kapena kusweka.
Gawo lolumikizira pamwamba pa gawo la polojekiti yophimba pansi liyenera kupangidwa motsatira zofunikira izi: sipayenera kukhala ntchito zopangira pamwamba kapena mozungulira malo ophimba, ndipo njira zopewera fumbi ziyenera kutengedwa; Kusakaniza kwa zokutira kuyenera kuyezedwa motsatira chiŵerengero chosakanikirana chomwe chatchulidwa ndikusakanizidwa bwino; Kukhuthala kwa chophimbacho kuyenera kukhala kofanana, ndipo sipayenera kukhala zosiyidwa kapena kuyera pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito; Pamalo olumikizirana ndi zida ndi makoma, utoto suyenera kumamatiridwa kuzinthu zofunikira monga makoma ndi zida. Chophimba pamwamba chiyenera kutsatira zofunikira izi: chophimba pamwamba chiyenera kuchitika gawo lolumikizira litauma, ndipo kutentha kwa malo omanga kuyenera kulamulidwa pakati pa 5-35 ℃; Kukhuthala ndi magwiridwe antchito a chophimbacho kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe. Kupotoka kwa makulidwe sikuyenera kupitirira 0.2mm; Chosakaniza chilichonse chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa nthawi yotchulidwa ndikulembedwa; Kapangidwe ka gawo la pamwamba kayenera kumalizidwa nthawi imodzi. Ngati kapangidwe kachitika pang'onopang'ono, zolumikizira ziyenera kukhala zochepa ndikuyikidwa m'malo obisika. Zolumikizira ziyenera kukhala zathyathyathya komanso zosalala, ndipo siziyenera kulekanitsidwa kapena kuwonetsedwa; Pamwamba pa nthaka payenera kukhala popanda ming'alu, thovu, delamination, mabowo, ndi zina; Kukana kwa voliyumu ndi kukana kwa pamwamba pa nthaka yotsutsana ndi static kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake.
Ngati zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wa pansi sizinasankhidwe bwino, zidzakhudza mwachindunji kapena mozama kuyeretsa mpweya m'chipinda choyera pambuyo pa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khalidwe la chinthucho lichepe komanso kulephera kupanga zinthu zoyenera. Chifukwa chake, malamulo oyenerera amanena kuti zinthu monga kusabzalidwa ndi nkhungu, kusalowa madzi, kusatsuka mosavuta, kusawonongeka, fumbi lochepa, kusasonkhanitsa fumbi, komanso kusatulutsa zinthu zovulaza khalidwe la chinthucho ziyenera kusankhidwa. Mtundu wa nthaka pambuyo pa utoto uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka uinjiniya, ndipo uyenera kukhala wofanana mu mtundu, popanda kusiyana kwa mitundu, mawonekedwe, ndi zina zotero.
(2) Pansi patali pamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipinda zoyera m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, makamaka m'zipinda zoyera zamadzimadzi zomwe zimayendera limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pansi yokwezedwa nthawi zambiri imayikidwa m'zipinda zoyera zamadzimadzi zomwe zimayendera limodzi zomwe zili ndi mulingo wa ISO5 kapena kupitirira apo kuti zitsimikizire kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino komanso liwiro la mphepo likufunika. China tsopano ikhoza kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zapamwamba, kuphatikizapo pansi zopumira mpweya, pansi zotsutsana ndi mpweya, ndi zina zotero. Pakumanga nyumba zoyera za fakitale, zinthu nthawi zambiri zimagulidwa kwa opanga akatswiri. Chifukwa chake, mu standard ya dziko lonse ya GB 51110, choyamba ndikofunikira kuyang'ana satifiketi ya fakitale ndi lipoti loyang'anira katundu wa pansi yokwera kwambiri isanamangidwe, ndipo tsatanetsatane uliwonse uyenera kukhala ndi malipoti oyendera ogwirizana kuti atsimikizire kuti pansi yokwera kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake kothandizira zikukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe ndi zonyamula katundu.
Pansi pa nyumba yoikira pansi pamalo okwera kwambiri m'chipinda choyera iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi: malo okwera pansi ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka uinjiniya; Pamwamba pa nthaka payenera kukhala pathyathyathya, posalala, komanso popanda fumbi, ndi chinyezi chosapitirira 8%, ndipo payenera kuphimbidwa malinga ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake. Pa pansi pamalo okwera kwambiri omwe ali ndi zofunikira pa mpweya wabwino, kuchuluka kwa kutseguka ndi kufalikira, kutalika kwa dzenje kapena m'mphepete mwa wosanjikiza pamwamba payenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake. Pansi pamwamba ndi zigawo zothandizira pansi pamalo okwera ziyenera kukhala zathyathyathya komanso zolimba, ndipo ziyenera kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito monga kukana kuwonongeka, kukana nkhungu, kukana chinyezi, kukana kuyaka kapena kusayaka, kukana kuipitsidwa, kukana ukalamba, kukana asidi alkali, ndi kuyendetsa magetsi kosalekeza. Kulumikizana kapena kugwirizana pakati pa ndodo zothandizira pansi pamalo okwera kwambiri ndi pansi pa nyumbayo kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kodalirika. Zigawo zachitsulo zolumikizira zomwe zimathandizira gawo la pansi la ndodo yoyimirira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake, ndipo ulusi wowonekera wa mabolts omangira sayenera kuchepera 3. Kupatuka pang'ono kololedwa pakuyika pansi pamalo okwera kwambiri.
Kuyika ma plate a ngodya a pansi yokwezedwa kwambiri m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kudulidwa ndi kukonzedwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamalopo, ndipo zothandizira zosinthika ndi mipiringidzo yopingasa ziyenera kuyikidwa. Zolumikizira pakati pa m'mphepete mwa khoma ziyenera kudzazidwa ndi zinthu zofewa, zopanda fumbi. Pambuyo poyika pansi yokwezedwa kwambiri, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti palibe kugwedezeka kapena phokoso poyenda, ndipo ndi yolimba komanso yodalirika. Malo ozungulira ayenera kukhala athyathyathya komanso oyera, ndipo zolumikizira za mbale ziyenera kukhala zopingasa komanso zoyimirira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-19-2023