1.Mafomu Okonzekera Kapangidwe
Mtundu wozungulira khonde
Khonde la m'mphepete mwa msewu likhoza kukhala lopanda mawindo kapena lopanda mawindo, logwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera ndi kuyika zida; zipangizo zotenthetsera zitha kukonzedwanso mkati. Mawindo akunja ayenera kukhala ndi mawindo otsekedwa kawiri.
Mtundu wa Khonde Lamkati
Zipinda zoyera zimakhala panja ndipo khonde lili mkati. Nthawi zambiri makonde otere amakhala ndi ukhondo wapamwamba, wofanana ndi wa zipinda zoyera.
Mtundu wa mapeto awiri
Malo oyera amakonzedwa mbali imodzi, pomwe malo oyera pang'ono ndi zipinda zothandizira zimakhala mbali inayo.
Mtundu Wapakati
Pofuna kusunga kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka ndikufupikitsa njira za mapaipi, malo oyera amaonedwa ngati pakati, ozunguliridwa ndi zipinda zosiyanasiyana zothandizira ndi malo obisika a mapaipi mbali zonse. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapewa kukhudzidwa ndi nyengo yakunja pa malo oyera, kumachepetsa kuzizira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotenthetsera, komanso kumathandiza kusunga mphamvu.
2.Njira Yoyeretsera Antchito
Kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zochita za ogwira ntchito panthawi yogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito ayenera kusintha zovala zoyera, kudutsa mu shawa yopuma, kusamba ndi kuyeretsa mabakiteriya asanalowe m'malo oyera. Njira zonsezi zimatchedwa kuyeretsa antchito. Mpweya uyenera kuperekedwa ku zipinda zosinthira zovala zoyera m'malo oyeretsera antchito, kusunga mpweya wabwino poyerekeza ndi zipinda zolowera komanso mpweya wabwino pang'ono poyerekeza ndi zimbudzi ndi zipinda zosambira; zimbudzi ndi zipinda zosambira ziyenera kukhala pansi pa mpweya wabwino.
3.Njira Yoyeretsera Zinthu
Zinthu zonse ziyenera kuyeretsedwa zisanaperekedwe ku malo oyera, otchedwa kuyeretsa zinthu. Njira yoyeretsera zinthu iyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi njira yoyeretsera anthu. Ngati ogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo ziyenera kulowa m'chipinda choyeretsera pamalo omwewo, njira yapadera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatana, ndipo zipangizozo ziyenera kuyesedwa koyamba. Pa malo omwe ali ndi mizere yopangira yosapitirira, malo osungiramo zinthu apakati akhoza kuyikidwa m'mbali mwa njira ya zinthuzo. Pa mizere yopangira yosalekeza, njira zowongoka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo malo ambiri oyeretsera ndi kusamutsa zinthu amayikidwa ngati pakufunika. Pakupanga makina, magawo oyeretsera zinthu ozungulira ndi osalala a zipinda zoyeretsera zinthu amapanga tinthu tambirimbiri panthawi yopuma mpweya, kotero ziyenera kusungidwa pa mpweya woipa kapena kupanikizika kopanda mphamvu poyerekeza ndi malo oyera. Kupanikizika koipa kuyeneranso kusungidwa kupita kulowera komwe chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa chili chachikulu.
4.Kukonzekera kwa Paipi
Zipinda zotsukira zimakhala ndi mapaipi ovuta kwambiri, omwe onse amakonzedwa mobisa motere:
Chipinda chaukadaulo
(1) Denga laukadaulo lolumikizirana
Ma duct operekera mpweya ndi obweza mpweya amakhala pagawo lalikulu kwambiri ndipo amaikidwa patsogolo kuti aikidwe pamwamba pa gawo lolumikizira, ndi mapaipi amagetsi pansi pake. Ngati slab ya pansi pa gawo lolumikizira ili ndi katundu wokwanira, zosefera ndi zida zotulutsira utsi zitha kuyikidwapo.
(2) Chipinda Cholumikizirana ndi Ukadaulo
Poyerekeza ndi zolumikizirana za padenga lokha, mawonekedwe awa amachepetsa kuchulukana kwa mawaya ndi kutalika kwa zolumikizirana, ndipo amasiya ma chute aukadaulo a ma ducts obwerera ku interlayer yapamwamba. Mafani obwerera, zida zamagetsi ndi zida zogawa mphamvu zitha kuyikidwa mu chute yotsika. Chute yapamwamba ya pansi imodzi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chute yotsika ya pansi pamwambapa.
Chute Yaukadaulo (Khoma Logawa)
Mapaipi opingasa m'zigawo zapamwamba ndi zapansi nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa kukhala mapaipi opingasa, omwe amabisika mkati mwa machuti aukadaulo. Zipangizo zothandizira zosayenerera kuyikidwa m'zipinda zoyera zitha kuyikidwa m'machuti otere, omwe amathanso kugwira ntchito ngati ma ducts obwerera m'mlengalenga kapena mabokosi opanikizika osasinthasintha, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi ma radiator a tubular. Machuti ambiri aukadaulo amagwiritsa ntchito magawo opepuka, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha mosavuta panthawi yosintha njira.
Shaft Yaukadaulo
Mosiyana ndi ma chute aukadaulo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi, ma shaft aukadaulo amadutsa pansi ndipo amalumikizidwa kosatha mu nyumbayo. Pamene ma shaft aukadaulo amalumikiza pansi zonse, malo olumikizirana ayenera kutsekedwa ndi zipangizo zomwe zili ndi mphamvu yokana moto yosachepera slabs pansi pambuyo poyika mapaipi kuti apewe moto. Kukonza kumachitika pansi ndi pansi ndi zitseko zolowera zomwe zimayikidwa ndi mphamvu yoyaka moto. Kumene ma shaft aukadaulo, ma chute kapena ma shaft amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ngati ma duct a mpweya, malo awo amkati ayenera kusamalidwa motsatira zofunikira za mkati mwa chipinda choyera.
5.Kapangidwe ka Chipinda cha Zipangizo
Zipinda zoziziritsira mpweya bwino zimayikidwa pafupi ndi zipinda zoyera zomwe zimafunikira mpweya wambiri kuti zichepetse njira zodutsa mpweya. Pakadali pano, kulekanitsa zipinda zoyera ndi zipangizo ndikofunikira kuti phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kuyende bwino, ndipo zinthu zonsezi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira.
Kulekanitsa Kapangidwe
Kulekanitsa Malo Okhala ndi Anthu: Malo ogona amakhala pakati pa chipinda chotsukira ndi chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito zida kuti azitha kukhala okha.
Kulekanitsa Khoma Lokhala ndi Mphepete: Pamene chipinda cha zipangizo chili pafupi ndi chipinda choyera, makoma odziyimira pawokha amaikidwa mbali iliyonse ndi mpata wosungidwa pakati m'malo mogawana khoma limodzi.
Kulekanitsa Zipinda Zothandizira: Zipinda zothandizira zimayikidwa pakati pa chipinda choyeretsa ndi chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito zida ngati malo osungira.
Kapangidwe ka Gawo Lolamulira
Kapangidwe ka Denga/Denga: Zipinda zogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa padenga lapamwamba kuti zisafike kuzipinda zoyera zapansi. Pansi pomwe pali denga, ndibwino kuti pakhale zipinda zothandizira, zipinda zoyang'anira kapena zolumikizirana zaukadaulo.
Kapangidwe ka Pansi pa Dziko: Zipinda za zipangizo zili m'chipinda chapansi.
Kapangidwe ka Nyumba Yodziyimira Payokha
Nyumba yodziyimira payokha imamangidwa padera pa nyumba yoyera ndipo imasungidwa pafupi. Kudzipatula kwa kugwedezeka ndi kutchinjiriza mawu kuyenera kukonzedwa m'zipinda zogwiritsira ntchito, zokhala ndi pansi losalowa madzi komanso njira zoyeretsera madzi.
Kudzipatula pa Kugwedezeka: Njira zodzipatula pa kugwedezeka ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zothandizira ndi maziko a magwero ogwedezeka monga mafani, ma mota ndi mapampu amadzi. Ngati kuli kofunikira, zida ziyenera kuyikidwa pa slabs za konkire zothandizidwa ndi zinthu zonyowetsa kugwedezeka; kulemera kwa slab kuyenera kukhala kawiri kapena katatu kuposa kulemera konse kwa zida.
Zotetezera Phokoso: Kuwonjezera pa zoletsa phokoso, zipinda zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito zida zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoteteza phokoso pakhoma komanso zitseko zoteteza phokoso. Chitseko sichiyenera kutsegulidwa pa khoma logawanika lomwe likuyang'ana malo oyera.
6.Kutuluka Mwadzidzidzi
Zipinda zoyera ndi nyumba zotsekedwa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kukhale nkhani yofunika kwambiri yokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka makina oyeretsera mpweya ndi mpweya. Zofunikira zazikulu ndi izi:
Payenera kukhala njira ziwiri zotulukira mwadzidzidzi pa chipinda chilichonse chozimitsira moto kapena malo oyera pa chipinda chilichonse chopangira zinthu; njira imodzi yokha yotulukira ndiyololedwa ngati malowo ali ochepera 50㎡ ndi anthu osakwana 5.
Zipata zoyeretsera anthu siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zotulukira anthu, chifukwa njira zoyeretsera anthu zomwe zimazungulira zimalepheretsa anthu kutuluka panja mwachangu ngati moto ndi utsi zachitika.
Zipinda zosambira zopumira mpweya siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zolowera nthawi zonse. Zitseko zolumikizidwa kapena zodzipangira zokha zimatha kulephera ndipo zimalepheretsa kutuluka. Zitseko zodutsa mpweya ziyenera kuyikidwa m'zipinda zosambira zopumira mpweya, zomwe ndizofunikira ngati antchito apitirira anthu 5. Antchito ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zitseko zodutsa mpweya m'malo mwa shawa zopumira mpweya akamatuluka m'malo oyera momwe zinthu zilili.
Kuti pakhale mphamvu yamkati, zitseko zamkati mwa malo oyera zimatsegulidwa nthawi zonse ku zipinda zokhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yambiri, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zofunikira pakuthawira mwadzidzidzi. Kuti pakhale ukhondo wa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso zosowa zakuthawira mwadzidzidzi, zitseko pakati pa malo oyera ndi osayera, ndi zitseko zochokera ku malo oyera kupita ku malo akunja ziyenera kupangidwa ngati zitseko zakuthawira mwadzidzidzi zomwe zimatsegulira njira yothawira; zitseko zadzidzidzi zodziyimira pawokha ziyenera kutsatira lamulo lomweli.
7.Chidule cha Zokongoletsa Zomangamanga za Cleanroom
Ntchito zokongoletsa nyumba zoyera zimaphimba ntchito zonse kupatula nyumba yaikulu, zitseko ndi mawindo akunja, kuphatikizapo kumaliza pansi, kupaka pulasitala, ntchito za zitseko ndi mawindo, ntchito za padenga, ntchito zogawa, ntchito zopaka utoto ndi kupaka utoto, komanso kutseka malo olumikizirana mapaipi, magetsi, zida zoyeretsera mpweya, zida zogwirira ntchito ndi nyumba zomangira.
Kufunika kwa kukongoletsa chipinda choyera kumaonekera m'mbali ziwiri:
Zotsatira pa Magwiridwe Antchito Onse: Zipangizo zotsukira ziyenera kukhala zopanda fumbi komanso zosasunga fumbi zokhala ndi nyumba zopumira mpweya. Ubwino wa zokongoletsera umatsimikizira mwachindunji momwe zotsukira zimagwirira ntchito.
Zotsatira pa Mtengo Womanga: Zipinda zoyera ndi nyumba zokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi nyumba wamba zamaofesi.
Zofunikira pa Zipangizo Zokongoletsera
Zofunikira Zonse:
➤Pamwamba pake pali posalala
➤Kukana kuvala
➤Kuteteza kutentha bwino
➤Kupanga magetsi osasinthasintha pang'ono
➤Sichinyowa ndipo sichilowa madzi
➤Kuyamwa bwino kwa mawu
➤Kukonza kosavuta
➤Fumbi lochepa logwirana
➤Kuchotsa fumbi mosavuta
➤Yotsika mtengo
Kukongoletsa Pansi
Zofunikira Zonse: ①Kukana kuvala ②Kukana mankhwala (asidi, alkali, mankhwala) ③Kugwira ntchito kosagwirizana ndi static ④Kukana kutsetsereka ⑤Kapangidwe kosalala kalipo ⑥Kuyeretsa kosavuta
Mitundu Yofala ya Pansi:
➤Pansi Yokwezedwa: Yabwino kwambiri m'zipinda zoyeretsera madzi zoyimirira mbali imodzi. Zinthu zake: mpweya wobwerera kuchokera pansi, mpweya wabwino wolowa, mtengo wake ndi wokwera, komanso wosasinthasintha.
➤Pansi pa Terrazzo: Zinthu zake ndi izi: yosalala, yosapanga fumbi, yolimba bwino, yosambitsidwa, yolimba, yopanda kukhuthala.
➤Pansi Yokutira Resin: Imalandira ubwino wa terrazzo chifukwa cha kukana kuwonongeka, mpweya wabwino komanso kusinthasintha; kapangidwe kovuta. Yopangidwa ndi epoxy resin, polyester resin kapena polyurethane resin yosakanizidwa ndi utoto ndi zinthu zochiritsira; mphamvu ya maziko a matope a simenti siyenera kukhala yochepera Giredi 425.
➤Pansi pa Roll Sheet: Zinthu zake ndi izi: yosalala, yosawonongeka, yotanuka pang'ono, yosapanga fumbi, yoyeretsa mosavuta, yomangidwa mosavuta; imakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zosasinthasintha komanso ukalamba wa UV, imatuluka mosavuta m'malo akuluakulu chifukwa cha kutentha kosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku konkriti.
➤Dothi la Ceramic losagonjetsedwa ndi asidi: Zinthu zake: silitha dzimbiri koma silitha kusweka komanso silitha kukhudzidwa ndi kutentha; kapangidwe kake kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo. Koyenera madera omwe madzi amaletsa dzimbiri.
➤FRP Floor: Makhalidwe ake: kukana dzimbiri ndi umphumphu wabwino; kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha m'dera laling'ono chifukwa cha ma coefficients okulira kutentha omwe ali ndi maziko osagwirizana; kalasi yoletsa moto ikufunika.
Zokongoletsa Khoma
Zofunikira Zonse: ①Yosapanga banga komanso yosavuta kuyeretsa ②Yosalala pamwamba ③Sipanga fumbi ikachotsedwa kapena kuwonongeka ④Yosagwira ntchito ⑤Kukonza makona amkati kapena otsekedwa
Mitundu Yodziwika ya Makoma:
➤Kupaka pulasitala wapamwamba: Kufunika kwa makoma oyera m'chipinda choyera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika bwino monga kuyika makoma m'makona, kuyika makoma m'makoma, kugawa malo, kudula pamwamba ndi kuwotcha.
➤Utoto wa Latex: Zinthu zake ndi izi: wosalala, wosatuluka, wotsika mtengo, wosatsukidwa.
Utoto wa Epoxy & Synthetic Resin: Wosalala, wosaboola, wotsukidwa, wosagwira dzimbiri, komanso wofunikira kwambiri pakupanga.
➤Chophimba Chosapsa ndi chimfine: Chosalala, chosasenda, chotsukidwa komanso chosagwira dzimbiri.
➤Chipinda cha Ceramic: Chosalala, chosagwira dzimbiri komanso chosavuta kuyeretsa; malo olumikizirana kwambiri, chovuta kulinganiza komanso chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga.
➤Chitsulo: Chosapsa ndi dzimbiri, chosapsa ndi moto, chopanda static, chosalala, chosavuta kuyeretsa, komanso chokwera mtengo. Zipangizo zake ndi monga epoxy composite aluminiyamu panel, aluminiyamu panel yolimba ndi dzimbiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mbale yachitsulo yopaka utoto. Chitsulo chopaka utoto chimagwiritsa ntchito galvanized steel substrate, alkyd resin primer, ndi thermosetting acrylic / epoxy / polyester resin topcoat.
➤Makoma Otsukira Okonzedwa kale: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri makamaka pa ntchito zokonzanso zokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Makoma achitsulo odzazidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri amapereka chitetezo cha kutentha choyenera malo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha kosasinthasintha komanso mphamvu yayikulu ya kapangidwe kake. Kapangidwe: pepala loyang'ana nkhope + zinthu zapakati, zosankhidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe kake.
➤Pepala la nkhope: matabwa a melamine opangidwa ndi laminated, mbale ya aluminiyamu, mbale yachitsulo, mbale yachitsulo yamitundu, ndi zina zotero.
➤Zinthu zofunika kwambiri:
- Thovu lolimba la polyurethane: thovu lomwe lili pamalopo, kutchinjiriza bwino kutentha; organophosphorus yokhala ndi halogenated yowonjezerapo ngati yoletsa moto, yogawidwa m'magulu oyaka, oletsa moto komanso osayaka.
- Bodi la calcium silicate la Asbestos: calcium carbonate yopepuka yosakanikirana ndi ulusi wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso woletsa moto, wopangidwa ndi thovu ndikulumikizidwa ndi utomoni wa PVC; wokana moto bwino, wofanana ndi wosayaka.
- Bolodi la sandwichi la polystyrene: chotenthetsera cha polystyrene chomwe chimayikidwa pakati pa mbale zachitsulo kudzera mu glue ndi kukanikiza; chimatulutsa mpweya wokwiya panthawi yoyaka, ndipo sichikulimbikitsidwa m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha moto.
- Bolodi la masangweji la ubweya wa miyala: ubweya wa miyala womangidwa pakati pa mbale zachitsulo, woyenera kuteteza moto kwambiri; mkati mwa bolodi la gypsum wofunikira kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula katundu kuti upewe kusinthika.
e. Bolodi la uchi wa pepala / aluminiyamu: pakati pa uchi wa zisa pakati pa mbale zachitsulo; uchi wa aluminiyamu wamphamvu kwambiri, wokhala ndi mphamvu yoyaka bwino.
Zokongoletsa Denga
Zofunikira Zonse:
Chimango chopepuka cha denga chokhala ndi kulimba kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kosavuta. Kukana kugwedezeka kuti zisagwe n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa kuuma kwa pamwamba, chifukwa mapanelo a denga sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukangana kwa manja koma amakhala pachiwopsezo cha kugwedezeka kuchokera ku mapaipi apamwamba ndi zida.
Mitundu ya Chimango cha Denga:
➤Chitsulo Chopepuka: Chopepuka, chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsulo chochepa; kukonza bwino mafupa; chosatheka kukonzedwa, sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira zoyendera kwakanthawi kapena zothandizira zonyamula katundu, komanso chosasangalatsa kukonzanso.
➤Gawo la Chitsulo: Lingagwiritsidwe ntchito potulutsa mpweya ndi potsegulira nyali; limagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chambiri.
➤Aluminium Alloy Keel: Yolemera kwambiri; yosamalidwa bwino ndi mafupa; yosatheka kukonzedwa, singagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira zoyendera kwakanthawi kapena zothandizira kunyamula katundu, komanso yosasangalatsa kukonzanso.
Zipangizo za Denga
Zipangizo zambiri zokongoletsera pakhoma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapanelo a padenga; mapanelo apulasitiki okhala ndi utoto ndi njira zabwino kwambiri.
Zipangizo Zotsekera Msoko
Zofunikira Zonse: ①Kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri potseka ndi kusinthasintha koyenera ②Kukana kukalamba ③Kuchira mwachangu ④Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimakondedwa ⑤Kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta ⑥Kumamatira bwino ⑦Sikoopsa, sikununkhira, mtundu wake umagwirizana ndi zokongoletsera
Mitundu Yodziwika Kwambiri Yotsekera:
➤Rabala ya Silicone: Yosinthasintha kutentha kwambiri, yolimba bwino ndi mankhwala ndi mafuta; yolimba kwambiri ya NaOH, yolimba kwambiri ndi bowa. Zinthu zotanuka za polymer zomwe zimakhala ndi kapangidwe ka siloxane.
➤Polyurethane: Kulimba kwambiri, kusinthasintha bwino komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kutentha kochepa, kukana mafuta ndi ozoni; kukana madzi bwino. Kupangidwa kuchokera ku polyisocyanate ndi hydrogen alcohols/amines yogwira ntchito yokhala ndi zinthu zochiritsa.
➤Rabala Yopangidwa: Yolimba bwino, yolimba, yolimba, yolimba komanso yolimba; makamaka rabala ya nitrile.
Zofunikira Zapadera
Mogwirizana ndi Malamulo Omanga ndi Kuvomereza Zipinda Zoyera:
Chinyezi cha matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zoyera sichiyenera kupitirira 16% popanda kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyera. Kusinthasintha kwa mpweya wambiri komanso chinyezi chochepa kungayambitse ming'alu, kusinthasintha, kumasuka komanso kupanga fumbi chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa mopitirira muyeso. Kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono kumaloledwa kokha ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri komanso oletsa chinyezi.
Bolodi la gypsum losalowa madzi ndi lofunikira pa zipinda zoyera zachizolowezi. Pa zipinda zoyera zamoyo zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ngakhale bolodi la gypsum losalowa madzi limatha kuwononga chinyezi komanso kuwononga makwinya, motero sililoledwa ngati zinthu zoyang'ana padenga.
8.Mfundo Zoyenera Kukonza Zipinda Zoyera Zopanda Fumbi
Kapangidwe ka nyumba zotsukira kamagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuyeretsa ndi kapangidwe ka makina oziziritsira mpweya. Opanga mapulani ayenera kugwirizanitsa kapangidwe ka nyumba ndi kapangidwe ka makina, ndikuyika patsogolo zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake kuti ntchito zonse ziyende bwino. Chipinda chotsukira chopanda fumbi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi malo oyera, malo oyeretsa pang'ono komanso malo othandizira. Kapangidwe ka nyumba kayenera kutsatira mfundo zazikulu zotsatirazi:
Mapangidwe a ndege: mtundu wozungulira khonde, mtundu wa khonde lamkati, mtundu wa malekezero awiri ndi mtundu wa pakati.
Njira yoyeretsera antchito: antchito ayenera kusintha zovala zawo kuti zisawonongeke ndi fumbi komanso kutsuka zovala asanalowe m'malo oyera; mpweya wokwanira umafunika m'zipinda zosinthira zovala.
Njira yoyeretsera zinthu: zipangizo zonse zimafunika kutsukidwa musanalowe; njira ziyenera kulekanitsidwa ndi njira za ogwira ntchito kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yolowera. Malo oyeretsera zinthu ndi malo osungiramo zinthu apakati akhoza kukhazikitsidwa ngati pakufunika kutero.
Makonzedwe a mapaipi: mapaipi ovuta m'zipinda zopanda fumbi amakhala ndi mawonekedwe obisika kuphatikizapo denga laukadaulo, chipinda chaukadaulo, chute yaukadaulo ndi shaft yaukadaulo. Nyumba zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mipope ya mpweya ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya mkati mwa chipinda choyera.
Kapangidwe ka chipinda cha zipangizo: zipinda zoziziritsira mpweya zimakhala pafupi ndi zipinda zoyera zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zazifupi kwambiri, pomwe zimalekanitsidwa kuti ziwongolere phokoso ndi kugwedezeka. Mitundu yolekanitsa ndi kapangidwe kake imaphatikizapo kulekanitsa malo okhala, kulekanitsa khoma, kulekanitsa chipinda chothandizira, kapangidwe ka denga, kapangidwe ka pansi pa nthaka ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba yodziyimira payokha. Kulekanitsa kugwedezeka, kutchinjiriza mawu, kuletsa madzi kulowa pansi ndi njira zotulutsira madzi ndizofunikira m'zipinda za zipangizo.
Kutuluka mwadzidzidzi: Popeza nyumba zotsekedwa kwambiri, zipinda zoyera zimafuna njira zotulukira mwadzidzidzi zosachepera ziwiri pa malo oyera pansi. Zipata zoyeretsera antchito ndi zipinda zosambira siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zotulukira mwadzidzidzi.
9.Makhalidwe a Kapangidwe ka Zomangamanga za Chipinda Chotsukira
Kapangidwe ka zomangamanga ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kapangidwe ka malo ogwirira ntchito oyera. Limaganizira mokwanira zofunikira pakupanga zinthu, mawonekedwe a zida, makina oyeretsera ndi oziziritsira mpweya, kapangidwe ka mpweya wamkati ndi kapangidwe ka mapaipi a kapangidwe ka nyumba ndi magawo. Pofuna kukwaniritsa kayendedwe ka ntchito, limakonza bwino malo a zipinda zoyera ndi zosayera komanso zipinda zaukhondo wosiyanasiyana kuti zigwire bwino ntchito.
Makhalidwe Abwino Kwambiri
Ukadaulo Wosiyanasiyana: Ukadaulo wa chipinda chotsukira umaphatikiza magawo osiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe kake kamafuna kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe a njira zopangira, kufotokozera za kapangidwe ka malo ogwirira ntchito ndi njira zopangira ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu zodetsa zomwe zimaphatikizapo fizikisi, chemistry ndi biology. Imafotokozanso kuyeretsa mpweya, kuyeretsa mpweya ndi mankhwala, mayendedwe apakati oyeretsa kwambiri, kuwongolera kugwedezeka kwa micro-vibration, kuchepetsa phokoso, ukadaulo woteteza kusinthasintha kwa static ndi electromagnetic kuti athetse mavuto ovuta aukadaulo.
Kufotokozera Kwambiri: Mosiyana ndi nyumba wamba zamafakitale, kapangidwe ka zipinda zoyera kamayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga malo abwino opangira zinthu zoyera komanso kugwirizanitsa mikangano ya mapangidwe osiyanasiyana kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo ndi mapulaneti pamtengo wabwino. Imalimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa kapangidwe ka zomangamanga, kapangidwe ka njira ndi kapangidwe ka kuyeretsa mpweya, kuphatikizapo kusintha kayendedwe ka njira, kutumiza anthu ndi zinthu, kukonza kayendedwe ka mpweya, kulola kuti nyumba zisalowe mpweya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Malo Mwanzeru: Ma workshop aukhondo amaphatikiza zipinda zoyera, zipinda zothandizira kupanga, zipinda zoyeretsera anthu ndi zinthu, ndi zipinda zogwiritsira ntchito. Kapangidwe ka zomangamanga kayenera kukonza bwino dongosolo la mapulaneti ndi malo kuti malo agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.
Muyezo Wapamwamba & Mtengo: Zipangizo zopangira ndi mtengo womangira zipinda zoyera ndi wokwera. Kukongoletsa kovuta kumafuna mpweya wabwino kwambiri wokhala ndi miyezo yokhwima ya zipangizo zomangira ndi kapangidwe kake.
Kapangidwe ka Ma Workshop Oyera
Malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi oyera ali ndi madera anayi ogwira ntchito:
Malo Opangira Oyera: Malo oyambira omwe ukhondo wake umatsimikiziridwa ndi zofunikira pakupanga. Kapangidwe kake kayenera kukwaniritsa kutentha, chinyezi, kayendedwe ka mpweya, katundu wa zinthu zopangira, kufunikira kwa ntchito ndi zofunikira pakuwongolera chilengedwe kuphatikizapo phokoso, kugwedezeka ndi magetsi osasinthasintha.
Malo Othandizira Oyera: Zipinda zofunika kwambiri zothandizira zomwe kapangidwe kake kamakhudza mwachindunji ndalama zomangira, magwiridwe antchito komanso kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zina.
Malo Oyang'anira: Maofesi, zipinda zogwirira ntchito, malo oyang'anira ndi malo ochezera atsimikiziridwa mwa kukambirana ndi mwiniwake.
Malo Othandizira: Zipinda za makina oyeretsera mpweya, zipangizo zamagetsi, makina amadzi ndi gasi oyera kwambiri komanso zida zoziziritsira ndi zotenthetsera. Kapangidwe kake kamasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mtundu wa chinthu; zida zoyeretsera ndi zoziziritsira/zotenthetsera nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa mkati mwa malo ogwirira ntchito kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta komanso njira zazifupi za mapaipi. Malo osungiramo zinthu akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zipinda zoyera ndi nyumba zothandizira ngati kapangidwe kake kokwanira kutengera zinthu zopangira, kuchuluka ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu chomalizidwa.
Mapulani Omanga ndi Malo Ozungulira
➤Zofunikira pa Kapangidwe
Kapangidwe ka malo oyeretsera zinthu kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe afupiafupi, malo omveka bwino ogwirira ntchito, kugawa malo obisika a mapaipi, kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ndi kukonzanso zida, komanso chitetezo chothawira moto. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yophatikizana imaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka pafupi, kapangidwe ka mabuloko ndi kapangidwe kotsekedwa, ndi dongosolo la malo kutengera kutalika, kutalika ndi ma gridi a mzati.
➤Mfundo Zokhudza Kapangidwe ka Nyumba
Zipinda zopangira zinthu zokhala ndi zofunikira paukhondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala malo ogwirira ntchito pang'ono m'ma workshop ambiri, osakanikirana ndi malo wamba opangira zinthu, zipinda zothandizira ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Malo oyera ndi wamba opangira zinthu ayenera kuyikidwa pakati kuti akonze njira zoyendetsera anthu ndi zinthu, kupewa kuipitsidwa, kuthandizira kukonza mapaipi ndikuchepetsa malo omanga. Pa malo ogwirira ntchito osakanikirana okhala ndi malo oyera komanso wamba opangira zinthu, njira zoyendetsera anthu ndi zinthu komanso njira zotulutsira moto ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino kuti zithetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ntchito wamba pa malo oyera. Zofunikira pa chitetezo cha moto ndi kupanga zinthu zoyera ziyenera kulinganizidwa ndi njira zowunikira. Malo oyera okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana aukhondo ayenera kukonzedwa pakati motsatira njira yoyendera ndi njira zopewera kuipitsidwa, kuthandizira kukonza bwino njira zoyeretsera mpweya ndi mapaipi, kugawa moto ndi kasamalidwe ka ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-07-2026