Mu moyo wamakono wofulumira, zodzoladzola ndizofunikira kwambiri pa miyoyo ya anthu, koma nthawi zina zingakhale chifukwa chakuti zosakaniza za zodzoladzolazo zimapangitsa khungu kuchitapo kanthu, kapena zingakhale chifukwa chakuti zodzoladzola sizimatsukidwa panthawi yokonza. Chifukwa chake, mafakitale ambiri odzola apanga malo oyera kwambiri, ndipo malo opangira zinthu nawonso akhala opanda fumbi, ndipo zofunikira zopanda fumbi ndizokhwima kwambiri.
Chifukwa chipinda choyera sichingotsimikizira thanzi la ogwira ntchito mkati, komanso chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa ubwino, kulondola, zinthu zomalizidwa komanso kukhazikika kwa zinthuzo. Ubwino wa zodzoladzola umadalira kwambiri njira yopangira ndi malo opangira.
Mwachidule, chipinda choyera n'chofunikira kwambiri kuti zodzoladzola zikhale zabwino. Izi zimathandiza kupanga chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi cha zodzoladzola zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo ndikuwongolera machitidwe a ogwira ntchito yopanga.
Khodi yoyendetsera zodzoladzola
1. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kayendetsedwe ka ukhondo wa makampani opanga zodzoladzola ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zodzoladzola zili bwino komanso kuti ogula ali otetezeka, mfundoyi yapangidwa motsatira "Zovomerezeka za Ukhondo wa Zodzoladzola" ndi malamulo ake ogwiritsira ntchito.
2. Mfundo imeneyi ikuphatikizapo kayendetsedwe ka ukhondo wa makampani opanga zodzoladzola, kuphatikizapo kusankha malo a makampani opanga zodzoladzola, kukonzekera fakitale, zofunikira pa ukhondo wopanga, kuyang'anira ukhondo, ukhondo wosungiramo zinthu zopangira ndi zinthu zomalizidwa, komanso zofunikira pa ukhondo wa munthu payekha komanso thanzi lake.
3. Makampani onse opanga zodzoladzola ayenera kutsatira izi.
4. Madipatimenti oyang'anira zaumoyo m'maboma a anthu am'deralo pamlingo uliwonse adzayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulowa.
Kusankha malo a fakitale ndi kukonzekera fakitale
1. Kusankha malo a makampani opanga zodzoladzola kuyenera kutsatira dongosolo lonse la boma.
2. Makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera ayenera kumangidwa m'malo oyera, ndipo mtunda pakati pa magalimoto awo opangira ndi zinthu zoopsa komanso zowononga uyenera kukhala osachepera mamita 30.
3. Makampani opanga zodzoladzola sayenera kukhudza moyo ndi chitetezo cha anthu okhala m'derali. Malo opangira zinthu omwe amapanga zinthu zovulaza kapena zomwe zimayambitsa phokoso lalikulu ayenera kukhala ndi mtunda woyenera wotetezera ukhondo komanso njira zodzitetezera kuchokera kumadera okhala anthu.
4. Kukonzekera kwa fakitale ya opanga zodzoladzola kuyenera kutsatira zofunikira zaukhondo. Malo opangira ndi omwe sapanga ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti kupanga kukuchitikabe komanso kuti palibe kuipitsidwa kulikonse. Malo opangira zodzoladzola ayenera kuyikidwa pamalo oyera komanso pamalo omwe mphepo ikupita.
5. Kapangidwe ka malo opangira zinthu ayenera kukwaniritsa njira zopangira ndi zofunikira zaukhondo. Mwachidule, opanga zodzoladzola ayenera kukhazikitsa zipinda zopangira zinthu, zipinda zopangira zinthu, zipinda zosungiramo zinthu zomwe sizinamalizidwe mokwanira, zipinda zodzaza zinthu, zipinda zopakira zinthu, kuyeretsa ziwiya, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuumitsa, zipinda zosungiramo zinthu, malo osungiramo zinthu, zipinda zowunikira, zipinda zosinthira zovala, malo osungiramo zinthu, maofesi, ndi zina zotero kuti apewe kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu.
6. Zinthu zomwe zimapanga fumbi popanga zodzoladzola kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zovulaza, zoyaka moto, kapena zophulika ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochitira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zida zapadera zopangira, komanso kukhala ndi njira zoyenera zotetezera thanzi ndi thanzi.
7. Madzi otayira, mpweya wotayira, ndi zinyalala ziyenera kukonzedwa ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi thanzi la dziko zisanatulutsidwe.
8. Nyumba ndi zinthu zina monga magetsi, kutentha, zipinda za makina oziziritsira mpweya, makina operekera madzi ndi ngalande, ndi makina oyeretsera madzi otayira, mpweya wotayira, ndi makina oyeretsera zinyalala sayenera kusokoneza ukhondo wa malo opangira zinthu.
Zofunikira za ukhondo popanga
1. Makampani opanga zodzoladzola ayenera kukhazikitsa ndikuwongolera njira zoyenera zoyendetsera zaumoyo ndikudzikonzekeretsa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala ophunzitsidwa bwino nthawi zonse kapena nthawi yochepa. Mndandanda wa ogwira ntchito zachipatala uyenera kufotokozedwa ku dipatimenti yoyang'anira zaumoyo ya boma la anthu am'chigawo kuti ulembedwe.
2. Malo onse opangira, odzaza ndi opakira zinthu sayenera kupitirira 100 sikweya mita, malo okwana 4 sikweya mita pa chiŵerengero cha anthu, ndipo kutalika koyenera kwa malo ogwirira ntchito sikuyenera kupitirira 2.5 mita.
3. Pansi pa chipinda choyera payenera kukhala lathyathyathya, losawonongeka, losaterereka, losapsa, losalowa madzi, komanso losavuta kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pansi pa malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amafunika kutsukidwa payenera kukhala ndi malo otsetsereka komanso osadzaza madzi. Dothi la pansi liyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otsika kwambiri. Dothi la pansi liyenera kukhala ndi mbale kapena chivundikiro cha grate.
4. Makoma anayi ndi denga la malo opangira zinthu ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zowala, zopanda poizoni, zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, zosagwirizana ndi kutentha, zosagwirizana ndi chinyezi, komanso zosagwirizana ndi bowa, ndipo ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kutalika kwa wosanjikiza wosalowa madzi sikuyenera kupitirira mamita 1.5.
5. Ogwira ntchito ndi zipangizo ayenera kulowa kapena kutumizidwa ku malo opangira zinthu kudzera mu buffer zone.
6. Malo olowera mu malo opangira zinthu ayenera kukhala akuluakulu komanso osatsekedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti zinthu zoyendera ndi chitetezo cha thanzi ndi chitetezo siziloledwa kusungidwa mu malo opangira zinthu. Zipangizo zopangira zinthu, zida, zidebe, malo, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndikutsukidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musanagwiritse ntchito komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito.
7. Malo opangira zinthu okhala ndi makonde oyendera ayenera kulekanitsidwa ndi makoma agalasi kuchokera ku malo opangira zinthu kuti apewe kuipitsidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa.
8. Malo opangira zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi chipinda chosinthira zovala, chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi zovala zosungiramo zovala, malo osungira nsapato ndi zinthu zina zosinthira zovala, ndipo chiyenera kukhala ndi malo ochapira ndi kutsuka m'manja ndi madzi othamanga; kampani yopanga zinthu iyenera kukhazikitsa chipinda china chosinthira zovala malinga ndi zosowa za gulu la zinthu ndi njira yogwirira ntchito.
9. Zipinda zosungiramo zinthu zomwe sizinamalizidwe mokwanira, zipinda zodzaza mafuta, zipinda zosungiramo zinthu zoyera, zipinda zosinthira zovala ndi malo osungiramo zinthu ziyenera kukhala ndi malo oyeretsera mpweya kapena ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
10. M'malo opangira zinthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyeretsera mpweya, malo olowera mpweya ayenera kukhala kutali ndi malo otulutsira utsi. Kutalika kwa malo olowera mpweya kuchokera pansi kuyenera kukhala osachepera mamita awiri, ndipo sipayenera kukhala zinthu zowononga mpweya pafupi. Ngati kuyeretsa kwa ultraviolet kukugwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu ya nyali yoyeretsera ultraviolet siyenera kukhala yochepera ma microwatts 70/sikweya sentimita, ndipo iyenera kuyikidwa pa ma watts 30/10 sikweya mita ndikukwezedwa mamita 2.0 pamwamba pa nthaka; chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya omwe ali mumlengalenga mu malo opangira zinthu sichiyenera kupitirira 1,000/kiyubiki mita.
11. Malo ochitira zinthu zoyera ayenera kukhala ndi malo abwino opumira mpweya komanso kutentha ndi chinyezi choyenera. Malo ochitira zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi magetsi ndi kuwala kwabwino. Kuwala kosakanikirana kwa malo ogwirira ntchito sikuyenera kupitirira 220lx, ndipo kuwala kosakanikirana kwa malo ogwirira ntchito pamalo owunikira sikuyenera kupitirira 540lx.
12. Ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi opangira ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa ntchito yopangira, ndipo ubwino wa madzi uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za miyezo ya ukhondo ya madzi akumwa.
13. Opanga zodzoladzola ayenera kukhala ndi zida zopangira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a zinthuzo ndipo zitha kutsimikizira kuti zinthuzo ndi zaukhondo.
14. Kukhazikitsa zida zokhazikika, mapaipi ozungulira ndi mapaipi amadzi a makampani opanga zinthu kuyenera kuletsa madontho amadzi ndi madzi kuti asawononge ziwiya zodzikongoletsera, zida, zinthu zomwe zatha ntchito pang'ono komanso zinthu zomalizidwa. Kulimbikitsa kupanga zinthu zokha, mapaipi, ndi kutseka zida zamakampani.
15. Zipangizo zonse, zida, ndi mapaipi omwe amakhudzana ndi zinthu zopangira zokongoletsa ndi zinthu zomwe sizimapezedwa bwino ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda poizoni, zopanda vuto, komanso zoletsa dzimbiri, ndipo makoma amkati ayenera kukhala osalala kuti athe kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira yopangira zodzoladzola iyenera kulumikizidwa mmwamba ndi pansi, ndipo kuyenda kwa anthu ndi zinthu zoyendera ziyenera kulekanitsidwa kuti zipewe kusinthasintha.
16. Zolemba zonse zoyambirira za njira yopangira (kuphatikizapo zotsatira za kuwunika kwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu njira yopangira) ziyenera kusungidwa bwino, ndipo nthawi yosungira iyenera kukhala yayitali kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuposa nthawi yosungiramo zinthu.
17. Zotsukira, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zinthu zina zoopsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kukhala ndi mapepala okhazikika komanso zilembo zomveka bwino, kusungidwa m'nyumba zapadera zosungiramo zinthu kapena makabati, komanso kusungidwa ndi antchito odzipereka.
18. Ntchito yoletsa tizilombo ndi kuletsa tizilombo iyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse kapena ngati pakufunika kutero ku fakitale, ndipo njira zoyenera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti makoswe, udzudzu, ntchentche, tizilombo, ndi zina zotero zisasonkhanitsidwe ndi kuswana.
19. Zimbudzi zomwe zili m'malo opangira zinthu zili kunja kwa malo ogwirira ntchito. Ziyenera kukhala zotsukira madzi ndipo ziyenera kukhala ndi njira zopewera fungo, udzudzu, ntchentche ndi tizilombo.
Kuwunika khalidwe la thanzi
1. Makampani opanga zodzikongoletsera ayenera kukhazikitsa zipinda zowunikira zaukhondo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mphamvu zawo zopangira komanso zofunikira zaukhondo mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za malamulo a ukhondo wa zodzoladzola. Chipinda chowunikira zaukhondo chiyenera kukhala ndi zida ndi zida zoyenera, komanso kukhala ndi njira yowunikira bwino. Ogwira ntchito yowunikira zaukhondo ayenera kulandira maphunziro aukadaulo ndikupambana mayeso a dipatimenti yoyang'anira zaumoyo m'chigawo.
2. Gulu lililonse la zodzoladzola liyenera kuyesedwa bwino lisanagulitsidwe, ndipo likhoza kutuluka mufakitale pokhapokha litapambana mayeso.
Zofunikira za ukhondo posungira zinthu zopangira ndi zinthu zomalizidwa
3. Zipangizo zopangira, zolongedza ndi zinthu zomalizidwa ziyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zosiyana, ndipo mphamvu zake ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mphamvu zopangira. Kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyaka moto, ophulika komanso oopsa kuyenera kutsatira malamulo oyenera a dziko.
4. Zipangizo zopangira ndi zolongedza ziyenera kusungidwa m'magulu ndi zilembo zomveka bwino. Katundu woopsa ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala ndikusungidwa payekha.
5. Zinthu zomalizidwa zomwe zapambana mayeso ziyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zomalizidwa, kuzigawa m'magulu ndikusungidwa malinga ndi mtundu ndi mtundu, ndipo siziyenera kusakanikirana. N'koletsedwa kusunga zinthu zapoizoni, zoopsa kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka kapena kuyaka m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zomalizidwa.
6. Zinthu zomwe zili m'ndandanda ziyenera kuyikidwa kutali ndi pansi ndi makoma ogawa, ndipo mtunda wake usakhale wochepera masentimita 10. Njira ziyenera kusiyidwa, ndipo kuyang'aniridwa ndi zolemba ziyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse.
7. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu iyenera kukhala ndi malo opumira mpweya, osapsa ndi makoswe, osapsa ndi fumbi, osapsa ndi chinyezi, osapsa ndi tizilombo ndi zina. Tsukani nthawi zonse ndipo sungani ukhondo.
Zofunikira pa ukhondo ndi thanzi la munthu
1. Ogwira ntchito yokonza zodzoladzola mwachindunji (kuphatikizapo ogwira ntchito kwakanthawi) ayenera kuyesedwa thanzi lawo chaka chilichonse, ndipo okhawo omwe alandira satifiketi yoyeserera thanzi lawo ndi omwe angayambe kupanga zodzoladzola.
2. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa za thanzi ndikupeza satifiketi yophunzitsira zaumoyo asanayambe ntchito zawo. Ogwira ntchito amaphunzitsidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse ndipo amakhala ndi zolemba za maphunziro.
3. Ogwira ntchito yokonza zinthu ayenera kusamba ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'manja asanalowe mu workshop, komanso kuvala zovala zoyera zogwirira ntchito, zipewa, ndi nsapato. Zovala zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kuphimba zovala zawo zakunja, ndipo tsitsi lawo lisawonekere kunja kwa chipewa.
4. Antchito omwe akukumana mwachindunji ndi zinthu zopangira ndi zinthu zomwe sizimamalizidwa bwino saloledwa kuvala zodzikongoletsera, mawotchi, kupaka utoto misomali yawo, kapena kusunga misomali yawo yayitali.
5. Kusuta, kudya ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingalepheretse ukhondo wa zodzoladzola n'zoletsedwa pamalo opangira zinthuzo.
6. Ogwira ntchito omwe avulala ndi manja saloledwa kukhudzana ndi zodzoladzola ndi zinthu zopangira.
7. Simuloledwa kuvala zovala zogwirira ntchito, zipewa ndi nsapato kuchokera ku malo ochitira zinthu zoyera kupita kumalo osapangira zinthu (monga zimbudzi), ndipo simuloledwa kubweretsa zofunikira zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku ku malo ochitira zinthu zoyera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-01-2024