1. Zipinda zoyera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana m'dziko langa m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga zamagetsi, mankhwala a biopharmaceuticals, ndege, makina olondola, mankhwala abwino, kukonza chakudya, zinthu zachipatala ndi zodzoladzola, komanso kafukufuku wasayansi. Malo oyera opangira zinthu, malo oyera oyesera komanso kufunika kopanga malo oyera ogwiritsira ntchito kukudziwika kwambiri ndi anthu. Zipinda zambiri zoyera zimakhala ndi zida zopangira ndi zida zoyesera kafukufuku wasayansi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu. Zambiri mwa izo ndi zida zamtengo wapatali, osati mtengo womanga wokha wokwera mtengo, komanso zida zina zoyaka moto, zophulika komanso zoopsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri; nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi zofunikira pakuyeretsa anthu ndi zinthu m'chipinda choyera, njira za chipinda choyera (dera) nthawi zambiri zimasunthidwa kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu achoke mosavuta, ndipo chifukwa cha kusalowa mpweya, moto ukangoyamba, sizimakhala zosavuta kuzipeza kuchokera kunja, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti ozimitsa moto abwere ndikulowa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsa malo otetezera moto m'chipinda choyera ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo tinganene kuti kuonetsetsa kuti chipinda choyera chili chotetezeka. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutenga njira zodzitetezera kuti tipewe kapena kupewa kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma m'chipinda choyera komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa miyoyo ya anthu chifukwa cha moto. Kwakhala mgwirizano wokhazikitsa makina ochenjeza moto ndi zida zosiyanasiyana m'chipinda choyera, ndipo ndi njira yotetezeka yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, "makina ochenjeza moto odziyimira pawokha" pakadali pano amayikidwa m'zipinda zoyera zatsopano, zokonzedwanso komanso zokulitsidwa. Zofunikira mu "Factory Building Design Specifications": "Zowunikira moto ziyenera kuyikidwa pa malo opangira, mezzanine yaukadaulo, chipinda chamakina, nyumba ya siteshoni, ndi zina zotero za chipinda choyera.
2. Mabatani a alamu yozimitsa moto pamanja ayenera kuyikidwa m'malo opangira zinthu ndi m'makonde a malo ochitira ntchito aukhondo. "Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi chipinda chozimitsa moto kapena chipinda chowongolera, chomwe sichiyenera kukhala pamalo oyera. Chipinda chozimitsa moto chiyenera kukhala ndi switchboard yapadera ya foni yotetezera moto. Zipangizo zowongolera moto ndi kulumikizana kwa mzere wa chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhala zodalirika. Ntchito zowongolera ndi zowonetsera za zida zowongolera, ziyenera kutsatira zomwe zili mu muyezo wadziko lonse wa "Design Specifications for Automatic Fire Alarm Systems", zomwe zimafuna kuti ma alarm amoto m'zipinda zoyera (malo) azitsimikiziridwa ndipo zowongolera zolumikizira moto zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitika: pampu yozimitsa moto yamkati iyenera kuyatsidwa ndipo chizindikiro chake choyankha chiyenera kulandiridwa. Kuphatikiza pa kulamulira kokha, chipangizo chowongolera mwachindunji chiyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa m'chipinda chowongolera moto; chitseko chamagetsi chosagwira moto cha zigawo zofunikira chiyenera kutsekedwa, fan yoyendera mpweya wozizira, fan yotulutsa utsi ndi fan ya mpweya watsopano ziyenera kuyimitsidwa, ndipo zizindikiro zawo zoyankha ziyenera kulandiridwa; zigawo zoyenera ziyenera kutsekedwa. Zitseko zamagetsi ndi zitseko zotsekera moto ziyenera kukhala m'malo ena. Magetsi owonjezera owonjezera ndi magetsi otuluka ayenera kulamulidwa kuti aziwala. Mu chipinda chowongolera moto kapena chipinda chogawa magetsi otsika, mphamvu yosayatsa moto Kupereka zinthu m'zigawo zoyenera kuyenera kudulidwa pamanja; cholankhulira chadzidzidzi cha moto chiyenera kuyatsidwa ndi kuwulutsidwa pamanja kapena chokha; chikepicho chiyenera kuyendetsedwa kuti chitsike kufika pa chipinda choyamba ndipo chizindikiro chake chobwezera chiyenera kulandiridwa.
3. Poganizira zofunikira pakupanga zinthu ndi malo oyera m'chipinda choyera, ukhondo wofunikira uyenera kusungidwa. Chifukwa chake, m'chipinda choyera, zimagogomezedwa kuti pambuyo pa ma alarm a chozimitsira moto, kutsimikizira ndi kuyang'anira kuyenera kuchitika. Zikatsimikizika kuti zachitikadi. Moto utatha, zida zowongolera kulumikizana zimayikidwa motsatira malamulo ndipo zizindikiro zobwezera zimagwira ntchito kuti zisawononge kwambiri. Zofunikira pakupanga m'zipinda zoyera ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zili m'mafakitale wamba. Pazipinda zoyera (malo) okhala ndi zofunikira zaukhondo, ngati makina oyeretsera mpweya atsekedwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso, ukhondo udzakhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisakwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga ndikupangitsa kutayika.
4. Malinga ndi makhalidwe a malo ochitira ntchito zoyera, zida zodziwira moto ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo opangira zinthu zoyera, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, zipinda zamakina ndi zipinda zina. Malinga ndi zofunikira za muyezo wa dziko lonse wa "Design Code for Automatic Fire Alarm Systems", posankha zida zodziwira moto, nthawi zambiri muyenera kuchita izi: Malo omwe pali gawo lofuka utsi kumayambiriro kwa moto, utsi wambiri ndi kutentha pang'ono zimapangidwa, ndipo palibe kuwala kochepa kapena kulibe kuwala kwa moto, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira utsi ziyenera kusankhidwa; Malo omwe moto ungakule mwachangu ndikupanga kutentha kwakukulu, utsi ndi kuwala kwa moto, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira kutentha, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira utsi, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira moto kapena kuphatikiza kwawo zitha kusankhidwa; Malo omwe moto umakula mwachangu, uli ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwa moto komanso utsi ndi kutentha pang'ono, zida zodziwira moto ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa njira zamakono zopangira mabizinesi ndi zipangizo zomangira, n'kovuta kuweruza molondola momwe moto umakulira komanso utsi, kutentha, kuwala kwa moto, ndi zina zotero m'chipindamo. Pakadali pano, malo otetezedwa komwe moto ungachitike ndi zinthu zomwe zikuyaka ziyenera kudziwika, kusanthula zinthu, kuchita mayeso oyatsa moto, ndikusankha zowunikira moto zoyenera kutengera zotsatira za mayeso. Kawirikawiri, zowunikira moto zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuzindikira moto kuposa zowunikira zamtundu womwe zimakhudzidwa ndi utsi. Zowunikira moto zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha sizimayankha moto womwe ukuyaka ndipo zimatha kuyankha moto ukangofika pamlingo winawake. Chifukwa chake, zowunikira moto zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha sizoyenera kuteteza malo omwe moto waung'ono ungayambitse kutayika kosavomerezeka, koma kuzindikira moto komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndikoyenera kwambiri kuchenjeza koyambirira m'malo omwe kutentha kwa chinthu kumasintha mwachindunji. Zowunikira moto zimayankha bola ngati pali kuwala kuchokera ku moto. M'malo omwe moto umatsagana ndi malawi otseguka, kuyankha mwachangu kwa zowunikira moto kumakhala bwino kuposa zowunikira moto zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi utsi ndi kutentha. Chifukwa chake, m'malo omwe malawi otseguka amatha kuyaka, monga zowunikira moto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo omwe mpweya woyaka umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
5. Zipinda zoyera zopangira ma panel a zida za LCD ndi zopangira zinthu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyaka moto, zophulika, komanso zapoizoni. Chifukwa chake, mu "Design Code for Clean room in electronic industry", malo otetezera moto monga ma alarm amoto akuphatikizidwa. Zipinda zambiri zoyera mumakampani zamagetsi ndi za mafakitale opanga a Gulu C ndipo ziyenera kugawidwa ngati "mlingo wachiwiri woteteza". Komabe, pazipinda zoyera mumakampani zamagetsi monga kupanga ma chip ndi kupanga ma panel a zida za LCD, chifukwa cha njira zovuta zopangira zinthu zamagetsi zotere, njira zina zopangira zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosungunulira mankhwala zomwe zimayaka moto ndi mpweya woyaka komanso wapoizoni, mpweya wapadera. Chipinda choyera ndi malo otsekedwa. Madzi akasefukira, kutentha sikutuluka paliponse ndipo moto udzafalikira mwachangu. Kudzera m'ma duct a mpweya kapena ma duct a mpweya, zozimitsa moto zidzafalikira mwachangu m'ma duct a mpweya, ndipo moto udzafalikira mwachangu. Zipangizo zopangira ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, kotero ndikofunikira kwambiri kulimbitsa makina a alarm amoto m'chipinda choyera. Chifukwa chake, zanenedwa kuti pamene malo oteteza moto apitirira malamulo, mulingo woteteza uyenera kukwezedwa kufika pamlingo woyamba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-29-2023