Zipinda zoyera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana ku China m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga zamagetsi, mankhwala a biopharmaceuticals, ndege, makina olondola, mankhwala abwino, kukonza chakudya, zinthu zachipatala ndi zodzoladzola, komanso kafukufuku wasayansi, kupereka malo oyera opangira zinthu, malo oyera oyesera. Kufunika kopanga malo oyera kukudziwika kapena kuzindikirika ndi anthu. Zipinda zambiri zoyera zimakhala ndi zida zopangira ndi zida zoyesera kafukufuku wasayansi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zinthu. Zambiri mwa izo ndi zida zamtengo wapatali komanso zida zamtengo wapatali. Sikuti ndalama zomangira zokha ndi zokwera mtengo, ndipo zida zina zoyaka moto, zophulika, komanso zoopsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri; nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi zofunikira pakuyeretsa anthu ndi zinthu m'chipinda choyera, njira za chipinda choyera (dera) nthawi zambiri zimasunthidwa kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azitha kuchoka. Chifukwa cha kusalowa mpweya, moto ukangoyamba, sizimakhala zosavuta kuzipeza kuchokera kunja, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuti ozimitsa moto abwere ndikulowa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuyika malo otetezera moto m'zipinda zoyera ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kunganenedwe kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuonetsetsa kuti zipinda zoyera zili bwino, ndi njira yotetezera yopewera kapena kupewa kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma m'zipinda zoyera komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa miyoyo ya anthu chifukwa cha moto. Kwakhala mgwirizano wokhazikitsa makina ochenjeza moto ndi zida zosiyanasiyana m'zipinda zoyera, ndipo ndi njira yotetezera yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, "makina ochenjeza moto odziyimira pawokha" pakadali pano akuyikidwa m'zipinda zoyera zatsopano, zokonzedwanso komanso zokulitsidwa. Zofunikira mu "Factory Building Design Specifications". Zowunikira moto ziyenera kuyikidwa pa malo opangira, mezzanine yaukadaulo, chipinda chamakina, nyumba ya siteshoni, ndi zina zotero za chipinda choyera.
Mabatani a alamu ya moto amanja ayenera kuyikidwa m'malo opangira zinthu ndi m'makonde a malo ochitirako zinthu oyera. Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi chipinda chozimitsira moto kapena chipinda chowongolera, chomwe sichiyenera kukhala pamalo oyera. Chipinda chozimitsira moto chiyenera kukhala ndi switchboard yapadera ya foni yotetezera moto. Zipangizo zozimitsira moto ndi kulumikizana kwa mzere wa chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhala zodalirika. Ntchito zowongolera ndi zowonetsera za zida zowongolera ziyenera kutsatira zomwe zili mu muyezo wadziko lonse wa "Design Code for Automatic Fire Alarm Systems". Izi zimafuna kuti ma alamu amoto m'zipinda zoyera (malo) azitsimikiziridwa ndipo zowongolera zolumikizira moto zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitika: pampu yamoto yamkati iyenera kuyatsidwa ndipo chizindikiro chake choyankha chiyenera kulandiridwa. Kuphatikiza pa zowongolera zokha, zida zowongolera mwachindunji ziyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa m'chipinda chowongolera moto; zotenthetsera moto zamagetsi pazigawo zoyenera ziyenera kutsekedwa, mafani oyendera mpweya wozizira, mafani otulutsa utsi ndi mafani a mpweya watsopano ziyenera kuyimitsidwa, ndipo zizindikiro zawo zoyankha ziyenera kulandiridwa; zigawo zoyenera ziyenera kutsekedwa monga zitseko zamoto zamagetsi ndi zitseko zotsekera moto. Magetsi owunikira mwadzidzidzi ndi chizindikiro chotuluka ayenera kulamulidwa kuti aziwala. Mu chipinda chowongolera moto kapena chipinda chogawa magetsi ochepa, magetsi osagwiritsa ntchito moto omwe amaperekedwa ku zigawo zofunikira ayenera kudulidwa pamanja; choyatsira moto chadzidzidzi chiyenera kuyatsidwa kuti chiziwulutsidwa ndi manja kapena chodziwikiratu; elevator iyenera kuyendetsedwa mpaka pansi yoyamba ndipo chizindikiro chake chobwezera chiyenera kulandiridwa.
Poganizira zofunikira pakupanga zinthu ndi chipinda choyera (malo), ukhondo wofunikira uyenera kusungidwa. Chifukwa chake, m'chipinda choyera, zimagogomezedwa kuti pambuyo pa ma alarm a chozimitsira moto, kutsimikizira ndi kuyang'anira pamanja kuyenera kuchitika. Zikatsimikizika kuti moto wachitikadi, zida zowongolera kulumikizana zomwe zimayikidwa motsatira malamulo zimagwira ntchito ndikubwezera zizindikiro kuti zisawononge kwambiri. Zofunikira pakupanga m'zipinda zoyera ndizosiyana ndi zomwe zili m'mafakitale wamba. Pazipinda zoyera (malo) zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zaukhondo, ngati makina oyeretsera mpweya atsekedwa ndikubwezeretsedwanso, ukhondo udzakhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisakwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga ndikupangitsa kutayika.
Malinga ndi makhalidwe a malo ochitira ntchito zoyera, zida zodziwira moto ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo opangira zinthu zoyera, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, zipinda zamakina ndi zipinda zina. Malinga ndi zofunikira za muyezo wa dziko lonse wa "Design Code for Automatic Fire Alarm Systems", posankha zida zodziwira moto, nthawi zambiri muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti: pali gawo lofuka utsi kumayambiriro kwa moto, zomwe zimapangitsa utsi wambiri ndi kutentha pang'ono, komanso sizikudziwika bwino. M'malo omwe kuwala kwa moto kumachitika, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira utsi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; m'malo omwe moto ungakule mwachangu ndikupanga kutentha kwakukulu, utsi ndi kuwala kwa moto, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira kutentha, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira utsi, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira moto kapena kuphatikiza kwawo; zida zodziwira moto ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe moto ukukula mwachangu, uli ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwa moto komanso utsi ndi kutentha pang'ono. Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa njira zopangira ndi zipangizo zomangira m'mabizinesi amakono, n'zovuta kuweruza molondola momwe moto ukukulira komanso utsi, kutentha, kuwala kwa moto, ndi zina zotero m'chipindamo. Pa nthawiyi, malo otetezedwa kumene moto ungachitike ndi zinthu zomwe zikuyaka ziyenera kudziwika. Kusanthula zinthu, kuchita mayeso oyatsa moto, ndikusankha zida zoyenera zowunikira phulusa la moto kutengera zotsatira za mayeso.
Kawirikawiri, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuzindikira moto kuposa zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi utsi. Zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha sizimakhudzidwa ndi moto womwe ukuyaka ndipo zimatha kuyankha moto ukangofika pamlingo winawake. Chifukwa chake, zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha sizili zoyenera kuteteza malo omwe moto waung'ono ungayambitse kutayika kosavomerezeka, koma kuzindikira moto komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndikoyenera kwambiri pochenjeza malo omwe kutentha kwa chinthu kumasintha mwachindunji. Zida zodziwira moto zimayankha bola ngati pali kuwala kuchokera ku moto. M'malo omwe moto umatsagana ndi malawi otseguka, kuyankha mwachangu kwa zida zodziwira moto kumakhala bwino kuposa utsi ndi zida zodziwira moto zomwe zimazindikira kutentha, kotero m'malo omwe malawi otseguka amatha kuyaka, monga zida zodziwira moto zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo omwe mpweya woyaka umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zipinda zoyera zopangira ma panel a zida za LCD komanso zopangira zinthu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyatsira moto, zophulika, komanso zoopsa. Chifukwa chake, ma alarm amoto ndi malo ena otetezera moto apereka malangizo ambiri mu "Design Code for Clean Workshops in Electronic Industry". Chiwerengero cha zipinda zoyera mumakampani opanga zamagetsi ndi cha mafakitale opanga a Gulu C ndipo chiyenera kugawidwa ngati "mlingo wachiwiri woteteza". Komabe, pazipinda zoyera mumakampani zamagetsi monga kupanga ma chip ndi kupanga ma panel a zida zamagetsi, chifukwa cha njira zovuta zopangira zinthu zamagetsi zotere, njira zina zopangira zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosungunulira zamafuta, mpweya woyaka, mpweya woopsa, ndi mpweya wapadera. Madzi akasefukira, kutentha kulibe malo otayikira ndipo moto umafalikira mwachangu. Ma fireworks amafalikira mwachangu m'mitsempha ya mpweya, ndipo zida zopangira m'nyumba ya fakitale ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, kotero ndikofunikira kwambiri kulimbitsa makina a alarm amoto m'chipinda choyera. Chifukwa chake, zanenedwa kuti pamene malo oteteza moto apitirira malamulo, mulingo woteteza uyenera kukwezedwa kufika pamlingo woyamba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-23-2023