Chipinda choyera chazakudya chiyenera kukwaniritsa kalasi ya 100000 yaukhondo wa mpweya.Kumanga chipinda choyera cha chakudya kumatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndi kukula kwa nkhungu zomwe zimapangidwa, kuwonjezera moyo wabwino wa chakudya, ndikuwongolera kupanga bwino.
1. Kodi chipinda chaukhondo ndi chiyani?
Chipinda choyera, chomwe chimatchedwanso chipinda choyera cha fumbi, chimatanthawuza kuchotsedwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpweya woipa, mabakiteriya ndi zoipitsa zina mumlengalenga mkati mwa danga linalake, ndi kutentha kwa m'nyumba, ukhondo, kuthamanga kwa m'nyumba, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kugawa mpweya, phokoso, kugwedezeka. , kuyatsa, ndi magetsi osasunthika amayendetsedwa mkati mwazofunikira zina, ndipo chipinda chopangidwa mwapadera chimaperekedwa.Ndiko kunena kuti, ziribe kanthu momwe mpweya wakunja umasinthira, katundu wake wamkati akhoza kusunga zofunikira zoyamba zaukhondo, kutentha, chinyezi ndi kupanikizika.
Kodi chipinda choyera cha kalasi 100000 ndi chiyani?Kunena mwachidule, kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ≥0.5 μm pa kiyubiki mita imodzi ya mpweya mu msonkhano sikuposa 3.52 miliyoni.Kuchepa kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono mumpweya, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa fumbi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, komanso mpweya woyeretsa.Kalasi ya 100000 chipinda choyera chimafunanso kuti msonkhanowu usinthane mpweya 15-19 pa ola limodzi, ndipo nthawi yoyeretsa mpweya pambuyo posinthana kwathunthu sayenera kupitilira mphindi 40.
2. Kugawira chakudya m'chipinda choyera
Nthawi zambiri, chipinda choyeretsera chakudya chikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: malo opangirako, malo oyeretsa othandizira, ndi malo opangirako ukhondo.
(1).Malo opangira zinthu (malo osayera): zopangira zonse, zomalizidwa, malo osungira zida, malo osungiramo zinthu zomalizidwa ndi madera ena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kukhudzana ndi zopangira ndi zinthu zomalizidwa, monga chipinda choyikamo chakunja, yaiwisi ndi othandizira. nyumba yosungiramo zinthu, malo osungiramo zinthu, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakunja, ndi zina zambiri.
(2).Malo oyeretsa othandizira: Zomwe zimafunikira ndi zachiwiri, monga kukonza zinthu zopangira, kuyika zinthu, kuyika, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu (chipinda chotsegulira), chipinda chopangira ndi kukonza, chipinda chosakonzekera kudya chamkati ndi malo ena omwe adamalizidwa. mankhwala amakonzedwa koma osati mwachindunji.
(3).Malo opangira ukhondo: amatanthauza malo omwe ali ndi ukhondo wapamwamba kwambiri, ogwira ntchito zapamwamba komanso zofunikira zachilengedwe, ndipo amayenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikusinthidwa asanalowe, monga: malo opangirako pomwe zida zopangira ndi zomalizidwa zimawonekera, zipinda zozizira zopangira zakudya zodyedwa. , ndi zipinda zoziziriramo zakudya zokonzeka kudyedwa.Chipinda chosungiramo chakudya chokonzekera kuikidwa, chipinda chamkati chosungiramo chakudya chokonzekera kudya, ndi zina.
① Chipinda choyera cha chakudya chiyenera kupewa kuwononga malo, kuipitsidwa, kusakanizikana ndi zolakwika kwambiri pakusankha malo, kupanga, masanjidwe, kumanga ndi kukonzanso.
②Malo a fakitale ndi aukhondo komanso mwaudongo, ndipo mayendedwe a anthu ndi momwe zinthu ziliri ndi zomveka.
③Payenera kukhala njira zowongolera zolowera kuti anthu osaloledwa alowemo.
④Sungani deta yomaliza yomanga ndi kumanga.
⑤ Nyumba zomwe zili ndi mpweya woipa kwambiri panthawi yopangira ntchito ziyenera kumangidwa pamphepete mwa nyanja ya fakitale kumene mphepo ikuwomba kwambiri chaka chonse.
⑥ Pamene njira zopangira zomwe zimakhudzana sizili zoyenera kukhala mnyumba imodzi, payenera kukhala njira zogawanitsa bwino pakati pa madera opangira.Kupanga zinthu zofufumitsa kuyenera kukhala ndi msonkhano wodzipereka wowotchera.
3. Zofunikira m'malo opangira ukhondo
① Njira zomwe zimafunikira sterility koma sizingakhazikitse njira zotsekereza zomaliza ndi njira zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa zoletsa koma zimayendetsedwa mwachisawawa pambuyo poyezetsa ziyenera kuchitidwa m'malo opangira ukhondo.
② Malo opangira ukhondo omwe ali ndi malo abwino opangira ukhondo ayenera kukhala ndi malo osungira ndi kukonza chakudya chowonongeka, zinthu zomwe zatha kutha kapena zomalizidwa zisanazizidwe komaliza kapena kuziyika, ndi malo okonzeratu zinthu zomwe sizingatheke. kukhala chosawilitsidwa, kusindikiza zinthu, ndi kuumba malo, malo owonetseredwa pambuyo pochotsa chomaliza cha chinthucho, malo opangira zinthu zamkati ndi chipinda chamkati, komanso malo opangirako ndi zipinda zowonera chakudya, kusintha mawonekedwe a chakudya kapena kuteteza, etc.
③Malo opangira ukhondo akuyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi momwe amapangira komanso zofunikira zachipinda choyera.Mapangidwe a mzere wopanga sayenera kuyambitsa ma crossovers ndi discontinuities.
④ Misonkhano yolumikizana yosiyana m'malo opangira zinthu iyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa zamitundu ndi njira.Ngati ndi kotheka, zipinda zosungiramo chitetezo ndi njira zina zopewera kuipitsidwa ziyenera kuperekedwa.Dera la chipinda cha buffer sayenera kuchepera 3 masikweya mita.
⑤ Zopangira zopangira zisanachitike komanso zomaliza siziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyera omwewo.
⑥ Ikani pambali malo ndi malo ochitira msonkhano omwe ali oyenera kupanga ngati malo osakhalitsa osungira zinthu, zinthu zapakatikati, zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikumalizidwa, ndikudutsa, chisokonezo ndi kuipitsidwa ziyenera kupewedwa.
⑦ Chipinda choyendera chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa palokha, ndipo njira zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithetse utsi wake ndi ngalande zake.Ngati pali zofunikira zaukhondo wa mpweya pakuwunika kwazinthu, benchi yoyera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
4. Zofunikira pazizindikiro zaukhondo m'malo opangira chakudya
Malo opangira chakudya ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza chitetezo cha chakudya.Chifukwa chake, Food Partner Network idachita kafukufuku ndi kukambirana mkati mwazofunikira zowunikira ukhondo wa mpweya m'malo opangira chakudya.
(1).Zofunikira zaukhondo pamiyezo ndi malamulo
Pakadali pano, malamulo owunikira ziphaso zopangira zakumwa ndi mkaka ali ndi zofunikira zaukhondo wamlengalenga m'malo ogwirira ntchito oyera.Malamulo a License Production License Review (2017 version) amati ukhondo wa mpweya (tinthu ting'onoting'ono, mabakiteriya osungunuka) m'malo opangira madzi akumwa amayenera kufika m'kalasi 10000 pamene static, ndipo gawo lodzaza liyenera kufika kalasi 100, kapena ukhondo wonse. ayenera kufika m'kalasi 1000;zakumwa zama carbohydrate Malo ogwirira ntchito oyera ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ma frequency a mpweya ndi oposa 10 pa / h;malo opangira zakumwa zolimba ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zaukhondo wa mpweya kutengera mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakumwa zolimba;
Mitundu ina ya malo oyeretsera zakumwa iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukhondo wa mpweya.The mpweya ukhondo pamene malo amodzi ayenera kufika osachepera kalasi 100000 zofunika, monga kupanga mankhwala osalunjika kumwa monga anaikira zamadzimadzi (madzimadzi, zamkati) kwa makampani chakudya, etc. Mfundo imeneyi mwina waived.
Malamulo owunikiranso mwatsatanetsatane amikhalidwe yopereka zilolezo zopangira mkaka (mtundu wa 2010) ndi "National Food Safety Standard Good Manufacturing Practice for Dairy Products" (GB12693) imafuna kuti chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya omwe ali mumlengalenga pakuyeretsa mkaka. Malo ogwirira ntchito akuyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 30CFU/mbale, ndipo malamulo atsatanetsatane amafunanso kuti mabizinesi Apereke lipoti la pachaka laukhondo wa mpweya woperekedwa ndi bungwe loyang'anira oyenerera.
Mu "National Food Safety Standard General Hygienic Specifications for Food Production" (GB 14881-2013) ndi zina zaukhondo zakupanga kwazinthu, zowunikira, zowunikira, zowunikira komanso kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'malo opangira zinthu zimawonetsedwa kwambiri za zowonjezera, kupereka chakudya Makampani opanga zakudya amapereka malangizo owunikira.
Mwachitsanzo, "National Food Safety Standard and Hygienic Code for Beverage Production" (GB 12695) imalimbikitsa kuyeretsa mpweya wozungulira (kukhazikitsa mabakiteriya (Static)) ≤10 zidutswa / (φ90mm · 0.5h).
(2).Zofunikira pakuwunika zizindikiro zaukhondo wosiyanasiyana
Malinga ndi zomwe tafotokozazi, zitha kuwoneka kuti zofunikira paukhondo wa mpweya munjira yokhazikika zimangoyang'ana kwambiri malo opangira ukhondo.Malinga ndi GB14881 Implementation Guide: "Malo opangira zoyeretsera nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza malo osungira ndi kukonza zisanachitike kuziziritsa komaliza kapena kulongedza zakudya zomwe zimawonongeka, zokonzeka kudya zomwe zatha kapena zomalizidwa, komanso kukonza zinthu, kuumba ndi malo odzaza zinthu zazakudya zomwe sizikhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, chakudya chisanalowe m'malo osungiramo zinthu, komanso malo ena opangira zakudya komanso malo omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo choipitsidwa.
Malamulo atsatanetsatane ndi miyezo yowunikiranso zakumwa ndi mkaka amafunikira kuti zizindikiro zoyang'anira mpweya zozungulira ziphatikizepo tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayimitsidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo ndikofunikira kuyang'anira nthawi zonse ngati ukhondo wa malo oyeretserako ukuyenda bwino.GB 12695 ndi GB 12693 zimafuna kuti mabakiteriya a sedimentation ayesedwe motsatira njira yachilengedwe ya sedimentation mu GB/T 18204.3.
"National Food Safety Standard Good Manufacturing Practice for Formula Foods for Special Medical Purposes" (GB 29923) ndi "Production Review Plan for Sports Nutritional Foods" yoperekedwa ndi Beijing, Jiangsu ndi malo ena imanena kuti kuchuluka kwa fumbi (tinthu tayimitsidwa) ndi kuyeza molingana ndi GB/T 16292. Udindo ndi static.
5. Kodi dongosolo la zipinda zoyera limagwira ntchito bwanji?
Njira 1: Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya woyendetsa mpweya + mpweya wosefera + mpweya wabwino mchipindamo ndi ma ducts otsekemera + mabokosi a HEPA + makina oyera obwerera m'chipinda chosungiramo mpweya amazungulira mosalekeza ndikuwonjezeranso mpweya wabwino mchipinda choyera kuti mukwaniritse ukhondo wofunikira. chilengedwe chopangira.
Njira 2: Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya FFU mafakitale oyeretsa mpweya woyikidwa padenga la malo ochitiramo ukhondo kuti azipereka mpweya mwachindunji kuchipinda choyera + mpweya wobwerera + mpweya wokwera padenga kuti uzizizira.Fomu iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamene zofunikira za ukhondo wa chilengedwe sizokwera kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri.Monga zokambirana zopangira chakudya, mapulojekiti wamba a labotale amthupi ndi mankhwala, zipinda zonyamula katundu, zokambirana zopanga zodzoladzola, ndi zina.
Kusankhidwa kwa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a mpweya ndi mpweya wobwerera m'zipinda zoyera ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pozindikira ukhondo wa zipinda zoyera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-19-2023