Chipinda Choyera Chakudya Tiyenera Kukwaniritsa Muyezo wa Gulu la 100000 Khalidwe. Ntchito yomanga chipinda choyera chakudya imatha kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ndikumata ndi kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa, kukulitsa moyo wogwira ntchito, ndikusintha bwino.
1. Kodi chipinda choyera ndi chiani?
Chipinda choyera, chotchedwanso fumbi loyera loyera, tchulani kuchotsedwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpweya woyipa, kutentha kwapakati, mpweya, phokoso, phokoso, kugwedezeka, phokoso, kugwedezeka. , kuyatsa, ndi magetsi okhazikika kumayendetsedwa m'magawo ena, ndipo chipinda chopangidwa mwapadera chimaperekedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ziribe kanthu momwe mpweya wakunja limasinthira, katundu wake m'nyumba amatha kusunga zofunikira zoyambira, kutentha, chinyezi komanso kupsinjika.
Kodi chipinda choyera cha 100000 ndi chiani? Kuyika pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa tinthu tambiri tating'ono a ≥0.5 μm pa mita imodzi ya mpweya mu msonkhano sikupitilira 3.52 miliyoni. Ochepera kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, chaching'ono cha fumbi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, ndi choyeretsa mpweya. Chipinda cha 100000 choyera chimafunanso ntchito yolumikizira mpweya mpweya 15-19 nthawi imodzi pa ola limodzi, ndipo nthawi yoyeretsa mpweya pambuyo posinthana ndi mpweya.
2. Kugawa kwa chipinda choyera cha chakudya
Nthawi zambiri, chipinda choyera choyera chimatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: malo opanga opanga, othandiza, ndi malo oyeretsa.
(1). Malo opanga General (malo osakhala oyera): Zolemba zambiri, malo osungira zida, malo omwe asinthidwa ndi malo ena omaliza Wosungirako chuma, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakunyumba, chipinda chakunja, etc.
(2). Malo Oyenera: Zofunikira ndi yachiwiri, monga zopangira zinthu, kukonza, chipinda chosakonzekera), malo ena osakonzekera Zogulitsa zimakonzedwa koma osawululidwa mwachindunji.
(3). Malo Opanga Onetsa: Kutanthauza malo okhala ndi zikhalidwe zapamwamba kwambiri za chilengedwe, zofunika kwambiri komanso zofunika za chilengedwe, ndipo ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zidamalizidwa musanalowe, zipinda zozizira za zakudya zokwanira , ndipo zipinda zozizira za zakudya zokonzeka zokonzeka. Cholinga chosungirako chakudya chokonzeka kukhala chokonzeka, chamkati cha chakudya chokonzeka chatsopano, etc.
Chipinda choyera Chakudya chizikhala m'chipinda chopepuka, chopingasa, kusakaniza ndi zolakwika ndi zolakwa zazikulu pakusankhidwa kwa malo, kapangidwe, kapangidwe, zomangamanga, kukonza ndi kukonzanso.
Malo opangira mafakitale ali oyera komanso oyera, ndipo mayendedwe ake ndi zinthu zomveka.
Indes iyenera kukhala njira yoyenera yopezera anthu osavomerezeka kuti asalowe.
Zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga zomaliza.
⑤ Nyumba ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mpweya pazinthu zopanga ziyenera kumangidwa mbali yaukadaulo ya fakitale pomwe njira yoyendetsera mphepo ndiyofunika kwambiri chaka chonse.
⑥ Makamaka njira zomwe zimakhudza wina ndi mnzake sizoyenera kupezeka mnyumba yomweyo, payenera kukhala njira zothandiza pakati pa madera opanga. Kupanga kwa zinthu zowotchera kuyenera kukhala ndi zokambirana zodzipereka.
3. Zofunikira pakupanga zoyeretsa
① Njira zomwe zimafuna kusamatira
② Malo opanga oyera okhala ndi zopangidwa zabwino zaukhondo ziyenera kuphatikizira malo osungirako ndi kukonza zinthu zomaliza, zomwe zatha kudya zosatha kukhala osawiliridwa, kusindikiza kwa mankhwala, ndi malo owumba, malo opezeka pambuyo potenthetsa, malo amkati okonzekeretsa komanso chipinda chamkati komanso Zipinda Zojambula Zopanga Zakudya, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a zakudya kapena kusungidwa, etc.
Malo opanga oterawo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi kupanga ndi kulinganiza zofunikira kuchipinda. Kapangidwe kake kake kayenera sikuyenera kuyambitsa olowerera komanso osagwirizana.
Zolemba zogwirizana m'malo ophatikizika mu malo opanga ziyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za mitundu ndi njira. Ngati ndi kotheka, zipinda zophatikizika ndi njira zina zopewera kuipitsidwa ndi mtanda kuyenera kuperekedwa. Dera la chipinda cha Buffer sayenera kukhala ochepera 3 mita.
⑤ Zolemba zopangira kapena zomaliza zopanga zinthu siziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malo omwewo.
⑥ Khazikitsani malo ndi malo opanga mapulogalamu opanga omwe ali oyenera kupanga mawonekedwe opangira, zinthu zapakatikati, zomwe zimamalizidwa, kusokonekera, kusokonezeka ndi kuipitsidwa ndi kuipitsidwa ziyenera kupewedwa mwaluso.
Chipinda choyendera chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa modziyimira pawokha, ndipo njira zoyenera ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti muthane ndi kutaya kwake. Ngati pali zofunikira za mpweya chifukwa cha kuyendera kwa malonda, ntchito yoyera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.
4. Zofunikira pakuwunikira zisonyezo zowonetsera m'malo opanga zakudya
Malo osintha chakudya ndi chinthu chofunikira chokhudza chakudya. Chifukwa chake, kuphatikizira kwa chakudya cha chakudya kumapangitsa mkati mwazovuta ndi zokambirana pazinthu zowunikira zomwe zimayang'anira mpweya wopanga zakudya.
(1). Zofunikira muyezo ndi malamulo
Pakadali pano, kupangira chilolezo cha mabungwe opanga mabwalo ndi mkaka kumakhala ndi malo oyenera a mpweya oyenera madera ogwirira ntchito. Chilolezo chojambulidwa chowunikira (2017 mtundu) ukhondo wa mpweya (tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono) ayenera kufikira 1000; carbohydrate imamwa malo ogwirira ntchito yoyera kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pafupipafupi kufalikira kwa mpweya ndi kupitirira 10 kasanu / h; Chakunja cholimba choyeretsa maopareshoni chimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakumwa zolimba;
Mitundu ina yakumwa yoyeretsa ntchito iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zofananira. Ukhondo wa mpweya ukakhala wofunikira kufika pamagulu 100000, monga kupanga zinthu zakumwa zosatheka monga zakumwa zakumwa (zimbudzi, zokhala ndi zokolola, etc. Izi zitha kuchititsidwa.
Malamulo atsatanetsatane a malamulo osungiramo katundu kuti apangitse mkaka wa mkaka (2010 Version) ndi "National Chakudya Chakudya Choyenerera Zopanga Zopangira ma bacteria mlengalenga Malo ogwiritsira ntchito kuyenera kulamuliridwa pansi pa 30cfu / mbale, ndipo malamulo atsatanetsatane amafunikiranso kuti azichita lipoti loyenerera la mpweya lomwe limaperekedwa ndi bungwe loyenerera.
Mu "National Chakudya Chitetezo cha Chitetezo Chachikulu chaukhondo cha chakudya" (GB 14881-2013) ndi zowunikira zina zojambula, zizindikiro za ma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimawonekera bwino Zowonjezera, kupereka makampani opanga chakudya kumapereka malangizo oyang'anira.
Mwachitsanzo, "National Chakudya Chakudya cha Chitetezo cha Chitetezo cha Zakumwa" (GB 12695) ikutsimikizira kuyeretsa mpweya (kukhazikika)) ≤10 zidutswa / (φ900ME · 1
(2). Zofunikira pakuwunikira zizindikiro za milingo yosiyanasiyana
Malinga ndi zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zitha kuwoneka kuti zofunikira za mpweya mu njira yoyenera zimafunira malo oyeretsa. Malinga ndi buku la GB144881: Zogulitsa zopangidwa ndi katundu wosabala. Madera owonetseratu asanadye malo ophatikizika pambuyo pazakudya zosasintha, ndi zakudya zokhala ndi nkhawa zoopsa. "
Malamulo atsatanetsatane ndi miyezo yowunikira zakumwa zam'madzi ndi mkaka zimafunikiranso kuti zisonyezo ziwonetserozi zimaphatikizapo kuwunika ngati ukhondo wa ntchito yoyeretsa uli ndi miyezo yantchito. GB 12695 ndi GB 12693 imafuna kuti mabakiteriya am'mabamenti ayesedwe kuti ayesedwe malinga ndi njira yachilengedwe yomwe ili mu GB / T 18204.3.
"National Chakudya Chapadziko Lonse munthawi yopanga zakudya za mapangidwe apadera" kuyeza malinga ndi GB / T 16292. Udindo ndi wokhazikika.
5. Kodi dongosolo loyera limagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mode 1: Malangizo Ogwira Ntchito Yogwiritsira Ntchito Matumbo Ogwira Mlengalenga + Kupatula Mpweya wa Mpweya + wa HAPA malo opangira.
Mode 2: Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya FFU yamagetsi ya mpweya woyeretsa pa denga la chipinda choyera cha chipinda chokwanira kupatsa mpweya wabwino + wolumikizidwa ndi mpweya wozizira. Fomuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamakhalidwe omwe cholinga chaukhondo sichingakweze kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wake umatsika. Monga zopangira zopangira zakudya, ntchito zantchito wamba zamankhwala, zopangira zovala zapamwamba, zopangira zodzikongoletsera, etc.
Kusankhidwa kwa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a mpweya ndikubwezeretsanso mpweya m'makomo ndikutilepheretsa kudziwa milingo yoyenerera ya zipinda zoyera.
Post Nthawi: Oct-19-2023