Nthawi zambiri kuchuluka kwa kuyezetsa zipinda zoyera kumaphatikizapo: kuwunika kwachipinda choyera, kuyezetsa kuvomerezedwa kwa uinjiniya, kuphatikiza chakudya, zinthu zaumoyo, zodzoladzola, madzi am'mabotolo, malo opangira mkaka, malo opangira zinthu zamagetsi, malo ochitiramo GMP, chipinda chopangira zipatala, labotale yanyama, chitetezo chachilengedwe. ma laboratories, makabati oteteza zachilengedwe, mabenchi aukhondo, malo ochitirako fumbi opanda fumbi, malo ochitirako zinthu osabala, ndi zina zotero.
Zoyezetsa zipinda zoyera: kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya, kutentha ndi chinyezi, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga, tinthu tating'ono ta fumbi, mabakiteriya oyandama, mabakiteriya okhazikika, phokoso, kuwunikira, ndi zina zambiri. kuyesa chipinda.
Kuzindikira zipinda zaukhondo kuyenera kuzindikiritsa bwino momwe zipindazo zilili.Ma status osiyanasiyana amabweretsa zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zoyezetsa.Malinga ndi "Clean Room Design Code" (GB 50073-2001), kuyesa kwachipinda koyera kumagawidwa m'magawo atatu: malo opanda kanthu, static state ndi dynamic state.
(1) Dziko lopanda kanthu: Malowa amangidwa, mphamvu zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndikugwira ntchito, koma palibe zipangizo zopangira, zipangizo ndi antchito.
(2) Dziko lokhazikika lamangidwa, zida zopangira zidayikidwa, ndipo zikugwira ntchito monga momwe amavomerezera ndi eni ake ndi ogulitsa, koma palibe antchito opanga.
(3) Dziko lamphamvu limagwira ntchito mu chikhalidwe chodziwika, latchula antchito omwe alipo, ndipo limagwira ntchito mogwirizana.
1. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa mpweya
Ukhondo wa zipinda zoyera ndi madera aukhondo umatheka makamaka potumiza mpweya wokwanira woyeretsa kuti uchotse ndi kusungunula zonyansa zomwe zimapangidwa m'chipindamo.Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa liwiro la mphepo, kufanana kwa mpweya, mayendedwe akuyenda kwa mpweya ndi njira yoyendera ya zipinda zoyera kapena malo oyera.
Kuti amalize kuvomereza mapulojekiti a zipinda zoyera, dziko langa la "Clean Room Construction and Acceptance Specifications" (JGJ 71-1990) limafotokoza momveka bwino kuti kuyezetsa ndi kusintha kuyenera kuchitika mumkhalidwe wopanda kanthu kapena static state.Lamuloli limatha kuwunika nthawi yake komanso moyenera momwe polojekiti ikuyendera, komanso imatha kupewa mikangano yokhudza kutsekedwa kwa polojekiti chifukwa cholephera kukwaniritsa zotsatira zake monga momwe zakonzedwera.
Pakuwunika kwenikweni komaliza, mikhalidwe yokhazikika ndiyofala ndipo zinthu zopanda kanthu ndizosowa.Chifukwa zida zina zogwirira ntchito m'chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhalapo pasadakhale.Asanayambe kuyezetsa zaukhondo, zida zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kufufutidwa mosamala kuti zisakhudze zomwe zayesedwa.Malamulo omwe ali mu "Clean Room Construction and Acceptance Specifications" (GB50591-2010) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa February 1, 2011 ndi yachindunji: "16.1.2 Mkhalidwe wokhala mchipinda choyera poyang'anira wagawidwa motere: mayeso osintha uinjiniya ayenera kukhala opanda kanthu, Kuyendera ndi mayendedwe a tsiku ndi tsiku kuti avomereze polojekiti ayenera kukhala opanda kanthu kapena osasunthika, pamene kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira kuvomereza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kukhala kosunthika ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyang'anitsitsa kungadziwikenso kupyolera mu zokambirana pakati pa womanga (wogwiritsa ntchito) ndi chipani choyendera."
Mayendedwe otsogolera makamaka amadalira mpweya wabwino kuti ukankhire ndi kuchotsa mpweya woipitsidwa m'chipinda ndi malo kuti asunge ukhondo wa chipinda ndi malo.Choncho, gawo lake loperekera mpweya liwiro la mphepo ndi kufanana ndizofunikira zomwe zimakhudza ukhondo.Kuthamanga kwamphepo kwapamwamba komanso kofananirako kumatha kuchotsa zowononga zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira zamkati mwachangu komanso mogwira mtima, ndiye kuti ndi zinthu zoyezera zipinda zoyera zomwe timaganizira kwambiri.
Kuyenda kopanda unidirectional makamaka kumadalira mpweya wabwino womwe ukubwera kuti uchepetse ndikuchepetsa zowononga m'chipinda ndi m'dera kuti zisunge ukhondo.Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya ndi njira yoyenera yoyendera mpweya, ndiye kuti dilution idzakhala yabwinoko.Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kusintha kofananira kwa mpweya m'zipinda zoyera zopanda gawo limodzi ndi malo oyera ndi zinthu zoyesa mpweya zomwe zakopa chidwi kwambiri.
2. Kutentha ndi chinyezi
Muyezo wa kutentha ndi chinyezi m'zipinda zaukhondo kapena malo ogwirira ntchito aukhondo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuyezetsa wamba komanso kuyesa kwathunthu.Mayeso ovomerezeka omaliza opanda kanthu ndi oyenera kalasi yotsatira;mayeso athunthu a magwiridwe antchito mumayendedwe osasunthika kapena osunthika ndi oyenera kalasi yotsatira.Mayeso amtunduwu ndi oyenera nthawi zina zomwe zimafunikira kwambiri pa kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Mayesowa amachitidwa pambuyo poyesa kufanana kwa mpweya ndi kusintha kwa mpweya.Panthawi yoyeserayi, makina owongolera mpweya adagwira ntchito bwino ndipo mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yakhazikika.Ndizochepa kukhazikitsa sensa ya chinyezi m'dera lililonse lowongolera chinyezi, ndikupatsa sensor nthawi yokwanira yokhazikika.Kuyeza kuyenera kukhala koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni mpaka sensa itakhazikika isanayambe kuyeza.Nthawi yoyezera iyenera kupitilira mphindi 5.
3. Kusiyana kwapakatikati
Kuyesa kotereku ndikutsimikizira kuthekera kosunga kusiyana pakati pa malo omalizidwa ndi malo ozungulira, komanso pakati pa malo aliwonse pamalopo.Kuzindikira uku kumagwira ntchito kumadera onse atatu okhalamo.Kuyesa uku ndikofunikira.Kuzindikira kusiyana kwa kupanikizika kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi zitseko zonse zotsekedwa, kuyambira kupanikizika kwambiri mpaka kutsika kochepa, kuyambira m'chipinda chamkati kutali ndi kunja kwa kamangidwe kameneka, ndiyeno kuyesa kunja motsatizana.Zipinda zoyera zamagulu osiyanasiyana zokhala ndi mabowo olumikizidwa zili ndi mayendedwe omveka bwino amayendedwe a mpweya polowera.
Zofunikira pakuyesa kusiyana kwapakatikati:
(1) Pamene zitseko zonse m'malo oyera zimayenera kutsekedwa, kusiyana kwa static pressure kumayesedwa.
(2) Mu chipinda choyera, pitirizani mwadongosolo kuchokera kumtunda kupita ku ukhondo wochepa mpaka chipinda chokhala ndi mwayi wopita kunja chikupezeka.
(3) Pamene palibe mpweya wotuluka m'chipinda, kamwa ya chubu yoyezera iyenera kuikidwa pamalo aliwonse, ndipo poyezera chubu pakamwa payenera kukhala yofanana ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya.
(4) Deta yoyezera ndi yolembedwa iyenera kukhala yolondola ku 1.0Pa.
Njira zozindikirira kusiyana kwa Pressure:
(1) Tsekani zitseko zonse.
(2) Gwiritsirani ntchito sikelo yopimira mphamvu yosiyana kuti muyeze kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa chipinda choyera chilichonse, pakati pa makonde aukhondo a m’zipinda, ndi pakati pa kanjira ndi kunja.
(3) Deta yonse iyenera kulembedwa.
Zofunikira pakusiyana kwa Pressure:
(1) Kusiyana kwamphamvu kwapakati pakati pa zipinda zoyera kapena malo oyera amisinkhu yosiyana ndi zipinda zosayera (malo) zimafunika kukhala zoposa 5Pa.
(2) Kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa chipinda choyera (malo) ndi kunja kumafunika kukhala oposa 10Pa.
(3) Kwa unidirectional otaya zipinda zoyera zokhala ndi ukhondo wa mpweya wovuta kwambiri kuposa ISO 5 (Class100), chitseko chikatsegulidwa, ndende yafumbi pamtunda wa 0.6m mkati mwa chitseko sayenera kuchepera .
(4) Ngati zomwe zili pamwambazi sizikukwaniritsidwa, voliyumu ya mpweya watsopano ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya uyenera kusinthidwa mpaka mutayenerera.
4. Inaimitsidwa particles
(1) Oyesa m’nyumba ayenera kuvala zovala zoyera ndipo akhale ochepa kuposa anthu awiri.Ayenera kukhala kumbali yakumunsi kwa malo oyesera komanso kutali ndi malo oyesera.Ayenera kusuntha mopepuka posintha malo kuti asawonjezere kusokoneza kwa ogwira ntchito paukhondo wamkati.
(2) Zidazi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa nthawi yowonetsera.
(3) Zidazo ziyenera kutsukidwa musanayambe komanso pambuyo poyesedwa.
(4) M'dera la unidirectional flow, sampuli yosankhidwa yosankhidwa iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi sampuli zamphamvu, ndipo kupatuka kwa liwiro la mpweya kulowa mu kafukufuku wa sampuli ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 20%.Ngati izi sizinachitike, doko lachitsanzo liyenera kuyang'anizana ndi njira yayikulu yoyendera mpweya.Kwa ma samplings osakhala a unidirectional, doko lachitsanzo liyenera kukhala chokwera chokwera.
(5) Chitoliro cholumikizira kuchokera ku doko lachitsanzo kupita ku sensa ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono iyenera kukhala yayifupi momwe mungathere.
5. Mabakiteriya oyandama
Chiwerengero cha mfundo zotsatsira zotsika zimagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo zomwe zaimitsidwa.Malo oyezera pamalo ogwirira ntchito ali pafupifupi 0.8-1.2m pamwamba pa nthaka.Malo oyezera pamalo operekera mpweya amakhala pafupifupi 30cm kuchokera pamalo operekera mpweya.Mfundo zoyezera zitha kuwonjezeredwa pazida zazikulu kapena magawo ofunikira a ntchito., sampuli iliyonse imatengedwa kamodzi.
6. Mabakiteriya okhazikika
Gwirani ntchito pamtunda wa 0.8-1.2m kuchokera pansi.Ikani mbale yokonzedwa ya Petri pamalo opangira zitsanzo.Tsegulani chivundikiro cha mbale ya Petri.Pambuyo pa nthawi yoikidwiratu, phimbaninso mbale ya Petri.Ikani mbale ya Petri mu chofungatira cha kutentha kosalekeza kuti mukulire.Nthawi yofunikira kupitilira maola 48, gulu lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi mayeso owongolera kuti awone ngati akuipitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe.
7. Phokoso
Ngati kutalika kwake kuli pafupi mamita 1.2 kuchokera pansi ndipo malo a chipinda choyera ali mkati mwa 15 square metres, mfundo imodzi yokha yomwe ili pakati pa chipindacho ingayesedwe;ngati malowa ndi oposa 15 masikweya mita, mfundo zinayi za diagonal ziyeneranso kuyezedwa, mfundo imodzi kuchokera pakhoma lakumbali, kuyeza mfundo zoyang'ana ngodya iliyonse.
8. Kuwala
Malo oyezera ndi pafupifupi mamita 0,8 kuchokera pansi, ndipo mfundozo zimakonzedwa 2 mamita motalikirana.Kwa zipinda zomwe zili mkati mwa 30 masikweya mita, zoyezera ndi 0.5 metres kutali ndi khoma lakumbali.Kwa zipinda zazikulu kuposa 30 masikweya mita, zoyezera ndi 1 mita kutali ndi khoma.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-14-2023