M'malo omwe ali ndi ukhondo wapamwamba kwambiri, monga zipinda zogwirira ntchito m'chipatala, malo ochitirako tchipisi tamagetsi, ndi ma labotale achilengedwe, kumanga zipinda zoyera ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti kupanga kotetezeka komanso kafukufuku wasayansi. Sizongochitika mwangozi kuti mapanelo a zipinda zoyeretsa amakhala ndi malo okhazikika pomanga zipinda zoyera - amakwaniritsa zofunikira zapachipinda zoyera zomwe mapanelo wamba amavutikira kukwaniritsa, zomwe zimakhala maziko achitetezo a zipinda zoyera.
1. Tetezani kuipitsa komwe kumachokera: chotsani "malo oipitsa osawoneka" ndikusunga zipinda zoyera.
Chofunikira pakupanga zipinda zoyeretsera ndi "zero kuipitsa," koma mapanelo wamba (monga gypsum board ndi nkhuni) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolakwika: amayamwa mosavuta chinyontho ndi nkhungu, amakhetsa fumbi mosavuta, ndipo mipata pakati pa mfundo imatha kukhala malo osungira fumbi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mapanelo oyeretsera amapewa kwathunthu vutoli kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu, kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu mpaka mmisiri. Zida zazikulu monga rock wool, glass magnesium, ndi silica rock zimasankhidwa mosamala, mwachibadwa sizipanga fumbi, zosagwira chinyezi, komanso anti-microbial, choncho sizimamasula zowonongeka. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wawo wosindikiza umakulitsidwa: zosindikizira zapadera ndi zolumikizira lilime-ndi-groove zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi mapanelo palimodzi, kutseka kwathunthu mipata ndikuletsa bwino fumbi ndi mabakiteriya otengedwa ndi mpweya wakunja kulowa mchipinda choyeretsera, ndikuchotsa bwino njira zoipitsira pamalopo.
Kaya ndikuwongolera mosamalitsa fumbi lamlingo wa micron m'mashopu amagetsi kapena kufunikira kwa malo osabala m'zipinda zogwirira ntchito zachipatala, mapanelo azipinda zoyeretsera amapereka njira yoyamba yodzitetezera paukhondo.
2. Zosavuta kuyeretsa ndi kukonza: zoyenera kuyeretsa pafupipafupi, kuchepetsa ndalama za nthawi yayitali.
Zipinda zoyeretsera zimafunika kuthira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuyeretsedwa nthawi zonse (mwachitsanzo, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pambuyo pa opaleshoni m'zipinda zochitira opaleshoni komanso kuyeretsa tsiku lililonse m'malo opangira chakudya). Pamalo ovuta kuwongolera sikuti amangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa ntchito yoyeretsa komanso amatha kusiya zoipitsa "m'makona osadetsedwa," zomwe zingawononge chitetezo. Mapangidwe apamwamba a mapanelo a zipinda zoyeretsera ndi oyenera kuyeretsa pafupipafupi:
Zinthu zokhazikika pamwamba: Zitsulo zamagalasi, zitsulo zopaka utoto, ndi zinthu zina zosalala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale poyera komanso yopanda msoko. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga mowa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a klorini) sawononga kapena kupunduka akadzapukuta.
Kuyeretsa kwakukulu: Madontho a pamwamba amatha kuchotsedwa mwamsanga ndi chiguduli, kuchotsa kufunikira kwa zida zovuta. Izi zimachotsa ngodya zakufa zomwe dothi ndi nyansi zimatha kukhalitsa, kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yoyeretsa ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapanelo panthawi yoyeretsa.
3. Ntchito yokhazikika: yoyenera kumadera ovuta, kuonetsetsa kudalirika kwa nthawi yaitali
Malo opangira ukhondo pazipinda zoyeretsera nthawi zambiri amakhala apadera: malo ena ochitira zinthu zamagetsi amafunikira kutentha kosalekeza komanso chinyezi, zipinda zopangira zipatala zimakumana pafupipafupi ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo, ndipo ma labotale achilengedwe amatha kukhala ndi mpweya wowononga. Mapanelo wamba amatha kuwonongeka ndi kukalamba m'malo ovutawa pakapita nthawi, kusokoneza chisindikizo ndi kukhazikika kwa chipinda choyeretsa. Mapanelo a Cleanroom amapereka magwiridwe antchito oyenera pazonse zonse:
Kukaniza kwamphamvu kwamitundu yambiri: Sikuti amangokwaniritsa miyezo yoyezera moto (mwachitsanzo, mapanelo oyeretsera a galasi-magnesium amafika pamlingo wamoto wa Gulu A), amakhalanso osamva chinyezi, osakalamba, komanso osachita dzimbiri. Ngakhale m'malo okhala ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwanthawi yayitali komanso chinyezi kapena kupha tizilombo pafupipafupi, satengeka ndi mapindikidwe, kusweka, ndi kuzimiririka.
Mphamvu zokwanira zamapangidwe: Kukhazikika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mapanelo kumawalola kupirira kuchulukidwa kwa denga ndi magawo azinthu zapachipinda choyera, kuchotsa kufunikira kowonjezera komanso kupewa kulephera kwa zipinda zaukhondo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamapangidwe.
Pazipinda zaukhondo zomwe zimafuna kuti zizigwira ntchito mokhazikika kwanthawi yayitali (monga ma workshop a semiconductor omwe amafunikira kupangidwa mosalekeza kapena zipinda zopangira zipatala zomwe zimafuna kupezeka kwa maola 24), kukhazikika kwa mapanelo a zipinda zoyeretsera kumatsimikizira mwachindunji moyo wantchito yaukhondo.
4. Kumanga mogwira mtima: Kumanga modular kumafupikitsa projekiti.
Mapulojekiti oyeretsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali - makampani opanga zamagetsi amafunika kuyamba kupanga mwachangu, ndipo zipatala zimafunika kutsegula zipinda zatsopano zogwirira ntchito posachedwa. Kumanga kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kukhudza mwachindunji kupanga ndi kupita patsogolo kwachipatala. Mapangidwe amodular a mapanelo oyeretsa amathandizira ndendende mfundo yowawa iyi:
Kukonzekera kwapamwamba: Mapanelo a zipinda zoyeretsera amapangidwa kale mufakitale, kuthetsa kufunikira kwa kudula ndi kupukuta pamalo (kupewa kuipitsidwa kwa fumbi). Kuyika mwachangu komanso kosavuta: Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyika modular, ogwira ntchito amangosonkhanitsa ndikuteteza mapanelo molingana ndi zojambulazo. Poyerekeza ndi njira yanthawi zonse yopaka pulasitala ndi penti pamalopo, ntchito yomanga imakwera ndi 50%, zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu kwa chipinda chotsuka chosindikizidwa.
Mwachitsanzo, m'kalasi yamagetsi ya Class 1,000, pogwiritsa ntchito mapanelo oyeretsa kuti amange makoma ogawa ndi madenga nthawi zambiri amamaliza kuyika kwakukulu m'masabata 1-2, kuchepetsa kwambiri kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti ndikupangitsa makampani kuti ayambe kupanga mofulumira.
Mwachidule: mapanelo oyeretsa si njira; ndi zofunika!
Pamafunika pa uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyeretsa ndi "malo oyera okhazikika." Mapanelo oyeretsera, okhala ndi zabwino zinayi zazikuluzikulu zakuwongolera kuwononga chilengedwe, kuyeretsa mosavuta, kukhazikika, komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri, amakwaniritsa zofunikira izi. Sikuti ndi "zinthu" zomangira malo oyeretsera, komanso "chigawo chachikulu" chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti ntchito za nthawi yayitali, zodalirika za ntchito zoyeretsa. Kaya ndi malingaliro aukadaulo kapena ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito, mapanelo a zipinda zoyeretsera akhala "okhazikika" pa engineering ya zipinda zoyera, chisankho chachilengedwe pakukula kwamakampani.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-14-2025