KODI CHIPINDA CHAULERE NDI CHIYANI?

Chidule Chachipinda Choyera

Zipinda zoyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale aliwonse pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono titha kuwononga kwambiri kupanga. Amasiyana kukula kwake ndi zovuta, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga kupanga semiconductor, mankhwala, biotech, zipangizo zachipatala ndi sayansi ya moyo, komanso njira zovuta kupanga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga, optics, asilikali ndi dipatimenti ya mphamvu.

Chipinda chaukhondo ndi malo aliwonse omwe amaperekedwa kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa ndi kuwongolera zinthu zina zachilengedwe monga kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuthamanga. Chofunikira kwambiri ndi fyuluta ya High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukopera tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi ma micron 0.3 komanso kukula kwake. Mpweya wonse woperekedwa kuchipinda choyera umadutsa zosefera za HEPA, ndipo nthawi zina pomwe ukhondo umakhala wofunikira, zosefera za Ultra Low Particulate Air (ULPA) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ogwira ntchito osankhidwa kuti azigwira ntchito m'zipinda zaukhondo amaphunzitsidwa mozama za chiphunzitso choletsa kuwononga tizilombo. Amalowa ndikutuluka m'chipinda choyera kudzera m'ma airlock, ma air shower ndi / kapena zipinda zobvala, ndipo ayenera kuvala zovala zapadera zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zitseke zonyansa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi khungu ndi thupi.
Kutengera momwe chipindacho chilili kapena ntchito yake, zovala za ogwira ntchito zitha kukhala zochepa ngati malaya a labotale ndi ukonde watsitsi, kapena zokulirapo ngati zokutidwa ndi ma suti angapo osanjikizana okhala ndi zida zopumira zokha.
Zovala zoyera za m'chipinda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kuti zinthu zisatuluke m'thupi la mwiniwake ndikuwononga chilengedwe. Zovala zapachipinda zoyera siziyenera kutulutsa tinthu tating'ono kapena ulusi kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe ndi ogwira ntchito. Kuyipitsidwa kwamtunduwu kwa ogwira ntchito kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a semiconductor ndi mafakitale ogulitsa mankhwala ndipo kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana pakati pa ogwira ntchito zachipatala ndi odwala omwe ali m'makampani azachipatala mwachitsanzo.
Zovala zapachipinda zoyera zimaphatikizapo nsapato, nsapato, ma apuloni, zophimba ndevu, zipewa za bouffant, zophimba, masks amaso, malaya akunja / labu, mikanjo, ma glove ndi machira a zala, maukonde atsitsi, zipewa, manja ndi zophimba nsapato. Mtundu wa zovala za m'chipinda zoyera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuwonetsa chipinda chaukhondo ndi zomwe zimapangidwira. Zipinda zoyera zotsika zimangofunika nsapato zapadera zokhala ndi soles zosalala bwino zomwe sizimatsata fumbi kapena dothi. Komabe, nsapato zapansi siziyenera kupangitsa ngozi zotsetsereka chifukwa chitetezo chimakhala patsogolo nthawi zonse. Suti yachipinda yaukhondo nthawi zambiri imafunika kuti munthu alowe m'chipinda choyera. Zipinda zoyera za kalasi 10,000 zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito zotsikira, zofunda kumutu, ndi nsapato. Pazipinda zoyera za Class 10, kuvala zovala mosamala zokhala ndi chivundikiro cha zip zonse, nsapato, magolovesi ndi mpanda wathunthu wopumira ndizofunikira.

Mfundo Zoyendetsera Mpweya M'chipinda Choyera

Zipinda zoyera zimasunga mpweya wopanda mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera za HEPA kapena ULPA pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zoyendetsera mpweya wa laminar kapena chipwirikiti. Laminar, kapena unidirectional, kayendedwe ka mpweya amawongolera mpweya wosefedwa pansi mumtsinje wokhazikika. Makina oyendetsa mpweya wa Laminar nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudutsa 100% ya denga kuti asasunthike mosalekeza. Njira zoyendetsera ma Laminar nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa m'malo onyamula katundu (LF hoods), ndipo amalamulidwa mu ISO-1 kudzera m'zipinda zoyera za ISO-4.
Kukonzekera koyenera kwa zipinda zoyera kumaphatikizapo njira yonse yogawa mpweya, kuphatikizapo makonzedwe a mpweya wokwanira, wobwerera pansi. M'zipinda zoyenda zoyima, izi zikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochepa wapakhoma kumabwerera kuzungulira chigawocho. M'magawo oyenda mopingasa, pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wobwerera kumalire akunsi kwa njirayo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mpweya wokwera padenga kumatsutsana ndi mapangidwe abwino a zipinda zoyera.

Zigawo Zoyeretsa Zipinda

Zipinda zoyera zimasankhidwa malinga ndi momwe mpweya ulili waukhondo. Mu Federal Standard 209 (A mpaka D) yaku USA, kuchuluka kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tofanana ndi 0.5µm timayezedwa mu kiyubiki mita imodzi ya mpweya, ndipo chiwerengerochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika chipinda choyera. Metric nomenclature iyi imavomerezedwanso mu mtundu waposachedwa kwambiri wa 209E wa Standard. Federal Standard 209E imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Muyezo watsopano ndi TC 209 wochokera ku International Standards Organisation. Miyezo yonseyi imayika chipinda choyera ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono topezeka mumpweya wa labotale. Miyezo yamagulu a zipinda zoyera FS 209E ndi ISO 14644-1 imafunikira miyeso yowerengera ya tinthu tating'ono ndi mawerengedwe kuti agawire ukhondo wa chipinda choyera kapena malo aukhondo. Ku UK, British Standard 5295 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa zipinda zoyera. Mulingo uwu watsala pang'ono kulowetsedwa ndi BS EN ISO 14644-1.
Zipinda zoyera zimagawidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tololedwa pa voliyumu ya mpweya. Ziwerengero zazikulu ngati "class 100" kapena "class 1000" zimatanthawuza FED_STD-209E, ndikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 0.5 µm kapena kukulirapo kololedwa pa kiyubiki mita ya mpweya. Muyezo umalolanso kumasulira, kotero n'zotheka kufotokoza mwachitsanzo "kalasi 2000."
Manambala ang'onoang'ono amatchula miyezo ya ISO 14644-1, yomwe imatchula chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta 0.1 µm kapena zazikulu zololedwa pa kiyubiki mita imodzi ya mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, chipinda choyera cha ISO kalasi 5 chimakhala ndi tinthu 105 = 100,000 pa m³.
Onse FS 209E ndi ISO 14644-1 amalingalira ubale wa chipika pakati pa kukula kwa tinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu. Pachifukwa ichi, palibe chinthu monga zero particle concentration. Mpweya wamba wamba ndi pafupifupi kalasi 1,000,000 kapena ISO 9.

ISO 14644-1 Miyezo Yoyera ya Zipinda