Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo ya International Organisation of Standardization (ISO) kuti chikhazikitsidwe. ISO, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku 1947, idakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhazikitse miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi pazinthu zovutirapo za kafukufuku wasayansi ndi machitidwe abizinesi, monga kugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala, zida zosasinthika, ndi zida zovutirapo. Ngakhale kuti bungweli linapangidwa modzifunira, miyezo yokhazikitsidwa yakhazikitsa mfundo zoyambira zomwe zimalemekezedwa ndi mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi. Masiku ano, ISO ili ndi miyezo yopitilira 20,000 kuti makampani azigwiritsa ntchito ngati kalozera.
Chipinda choyamba choyera chinapangidwa ndipo chinapangidwa ndi Willis Whitfield mu 1960. Mapangidwe ndi cholinga cha chipinda choyera ndi kuteteza njira zake ndi zomwe zili mkati mwazinthu zilizonse zakunja zachilengedwe. Anthu amene amagwiritsira ntchito chipindacho ndi zinthu zimene zayesedwa kapena zomangidwamo angalepheretse chipinda choyera kukwaniritsa miyezo yake yaukhondo. Kuwongolera kwapadera kumafunika kuti athetse mavutowa momwe angathere.
Chipinda choyera chimayesa kuchuluka kwa ukhondo powerengera kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono pa cubic voliyumu ya mpweya. Mayunitsiwa amayambira pa ISO 1 ndikupita ku ISO 9, pomwe ISO 1 ndiye ukhondo wapamwamba kwambiri pomwe ISO 9 ndiye wauve kwambiri. Zipinda zoyera zambiri zimagwera mumtundu wa ISO 7 kapena 8.
International Organisation of Standardization Particulate Standards
| Kalasi | Maximum Particles/m3 | Chithunzi cha FED 209E Zofanana | |||||
| =0.1µm | =0.2µm | =0.3µm | =0.5µm | =1µm | = 5µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Kalasi 1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Kalasi 10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Gulu la 100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Kalasi 1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Kalasi 10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Kalasi 100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Malo Air | |||
Federal Standards 209 E - Miyezo Yoyera ya Zipinda
| Maximum Particles/m3 | |||||
| Kalasi | =0.5µm | =1µm | = 5µm | =10µm | =25µm |
| Kalasi 1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kalasi 2 | 300,000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Kalasi 3 | 1,000,000 | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Kalasi 4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Momwe mungasungire zipinda zaukhondo
Popeza cholinga cha chipinda chaukhondo ndicho kuphunzira kapena kugwirirapo ntchito pazinthu zosalimba ndi zosalimba, kungaoneke kukhala kosatheka kuti chinthu choipitsidwacho chingalowe m’malo oterowo. Komabe, nthawi zonse pali ngozi, ndipo njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithetsedwe.
Pali mitundu iwiri yomwe ingachepetse gulu la zipinda zoyera. Kusintha koyamba ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chipinda. Chachiwiri ndi zinthu kapena zipangizo zomwe zimabweretsedwamo. Mosasamala kanthu za kudzipereka kwa ogwira ntchito m'chipinda choyera, zolakwika ziyenera kuchitika. Pofulumira, anthu amatha kuyiwala kutsatira malamulo onse, kuvala zovala zosayenera, kapena kunyalanyaza mbali ina ya chisamaliro chawo.
Poyesa kuyang'anira izi, makampani ali ndi zofunikira za mtundu wa zovala zoyera zomwe ogwira ntchito m'chipinda ayenera kuvala, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi njira zomwe zimafunikira mu chipinda choyera. Zovala zaukhondo za m'chipindamo zimaphatikizapo zophimba kumapazi, zipewa kapena maukonde atsitsi, zovala m'maso, magolovesi ndi gauni. Miyezo yokhwima kwambiri imanena kuvala masuti athunthu omwe amakhala ndi mpweya wokhazikika womwe umalepheretsa wovalayo kuipitsa chipinda choyera ndi mpweya wake.
Mavuto osunga zipinda zaukhondo
Ubwino wa kayendedwe ka mpweya m'chipinda choyera ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri lokhudzana ndi kusunga chipinda choyera. Ngakhale chipinda choyera chalandira kale gulu, gululo likhoza kusintha mosavuta kapena kutayika palimodzi ngati liri ndi mpweya woipa wosefera. Dongosololi limatengera kuchuluka kwa zosefera zomwe zimafunikira komanso momwe mpweya wawo umayendera.
Mfundo imodzi yofunika kuiganizira ndi mtengo wake, womwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yosamalira chipinda chaukhondo. Pokonzekera kumanga chipinda chaukhondo pamlingo winawake, opanga ayenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo. Chinthu choyamba ndi chiwerengero cha zosefera zomwe zimafunika kuti chipindacho chikhale ndi mpweya wabwino. Chinthu chachiwiri choyenera kuganizira ndi chowongolera mpweya kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutentha mkati mwa chipinda choyera kumakhalabe kokhazikika. Pomaliza, chinthu chachitatu ndi kapangidwe ka chipindacho. Nthawi zambiri, makampani amapempha chipinda choyera chomwe chili chachikulu kapena chaching'ono kuposa momwe amafunira. Choncho, mapangidwe a chipinda choyera ayenera kufufuzidwa mosamala kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zomwe akufuna.
Ndi mafakitale ati omwe amafunikira zipinda zoyera kwambiri?
Pamene teknoloji ikupita patsogolo, pali zinthu zofunika kwambiri zokhudzana ndi kupanga zipangizo zamakono. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndikuwongolera zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zitha kusokoneza kachipangizo kakang'ono.
Chofunikira chodziwikiratu cha malo opanda zinyalala ndi makampani opanga mankhwala komwe nthunzi kapena zowononga mpweya zimatha kuwononga kupanga mankhwala. Mafakitale omwe amapanga timizere tating'ono tating'ono tazida zenizeni ayenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti kupanga ndi kuphatikiza ndizotetezedwa. Awa ndi awiri okha mwa mafakitale ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipinda zoyera. Zina ndi zakuthambo, optics, ndi nanotechnology. Zipangizo zamakono zakhala zing'onozing'ono komanso zokhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa kale lonse, chifukwa chake zipinda zaukhondo zidzapitirizabe kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-29-2023