Ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sayansi ndi ukadaulo kosalekeza, kufunikira kwa zipinda zoyera zamafakitale m'mbali zonse za moyo kukukulirakuliranso. Pofuna kusunga khalidwe la zinthu, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino komanso kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino, mabizinesi amafakitale ayenera kumanga zipinda zoyera. Mkonzi adzafotokoza zofunikira zonse za zipinda zoyera mwatsatanetsatane kuyambira pamlingo, kapangidwe, zofunikira pa zida, kapangidwe, kapangidwe, kuvomereza, njira zodzitetezera, ndi zina zotero.
1. Miyezo yosankha malo oyera m'chipinda
Kusankha malo oti chipinda choyera chikhale choyera kuyenera kuganizira zinthu zambiri, makamaka mfundo zotsatirazi:
(1). Zinthu zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe: Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala kutali ndi zinthu zoipitsa monga utsi, phokoso, mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi zina zotero ndipo akhale ndi mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe.
(2). Zinthu zokhudza anthu: Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala kutali ndi misewu ya magalimoto, malo ochitira misonkhano m'mizinda, malo odyera, zimbudzi ndi malo ena omwe magalimoto ambiri amadutsa komanso omwe phokoso lake limakwera.
(3). Zinthu zokhudza nyengo: Ganizirani za malo ozungulira, mawonekedwe a nthaka, nyengo ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, ndipo sayenera kukhala m'malo a fumbi ndi mvula yamkuntho.
(4). Kupereka madzi, magetsi, ndi mpweya: Zinthu zofunika monga madzi, gasi, magetsi, ndi mauthenga apa telefoni ndizofunikira.
(5). Zinthu Zofunika Pachitetezo: Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala pamalo otetezeka kuti apewe kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zoipitsa mpweya komanso zinthu zoopsa.
(6). Malo ndi kutalika kwa nyumba: Kukula ndi kutalika kwa malo ogwirira ntchito kuyenera kukhala kocheperako kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa zida zapamwamba.
2. Zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera
(1). Zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka nyumba: Kapangidwe ka nyumba ya chipinda choyera kayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osapsa fumbi, osatulutsa madzi komanso osalowa madzi kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zodetsa zakunja sizingalowe m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito.
(2). Zofunikira pa pansi: Pansi pake payenera kukhala lathyathyathya, lopanda fumbi komanso losavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo nsaluyo iyenera kukhala yolimba komanso yolimba.
(3). Zofunikira pakhoma ndi denga: Khoma ndi denga ziyenera kukhala zathyathyathya, zopanda fumbi komanso zosavuta kuyeretsa, ndipo nsaluyo iyenera kukhala yolimba komanso yolimba.
(4). Zofunikira pa chitseko ndi mawindo: Zitseko ndi mawindo a chipinda choyera ziyenera kutsekedwa bwino kuti mpweya wakunja ndi zinthu zodetsa zisalowe m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito.
(5). Zofunikira pa makina oziziritsira mpweya: Malinga ndi mulingo wa chipinda choyera, makina oziziritsira mpweya oyenera ayenera kusankhidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti mpweya woyera ukuperekedwa ndi kufalikira.
(6). Zofunikira pa dongosolo la magetsi: Dongosolo la magetsi liyenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za magetsi m'chipinda choyera komanso kupewa kutentha kwambiri ndi magetsi osasinthasintha.
(7) Zofunikira pa makina otulutsa utsi: Makina otulutsa utsi ayenera kukhala okonzeka kuchotsa bwino zinthu zoipitsa mpweya ndi mpweya wotulutsa utsi m'malo oyera kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino komanso ukhale woyera m'malo ochitira ntchito.
3. Zofunikira pa ogwira ntchito yoyeretsa malo ochitira misonkhano
(1) Maphunziro: Ogwira ntchito onse oyeretsa ayenera kulandira maphunziro oyenera okhudza ntchito yoyeretsa chipinda ndi kuyeretsa komanso kumvetsetsa zofunikira ndi njira zogwirira ntchito za chipinda choyeretsa.
(2) Zovala: Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera monga zovala zogwirira ntchito, magolovesi, zophimba nkhope, ndi zina zotero zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya chipinda choyera kuti apewe kuipitsa malo ogwirira ntchito.
(3) Mafotokozedwe a ntchito: Antchito ayenera kugwira ntchito motsatira njira zogwirira ntchito m'chipinda choyera kuti apewe fumbi ndi zinthu zoipitsa.
4. Zofunikira pa zipangizo kuti chipinda chikhale choyera
(1) Kusankha zida: Sankhani zida zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo ya chipinda choyera kuti muwonetsetse kuti zidazo sizipanga fumbi ndi zoipitsa zambiri.
(2) Kusamalira zida: Kusamalira zida nthawi zonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso zofunikira paukhondo wa zidazo.
(3) Kapangidwe ka zida: Konzani bwino zida kuti zitsimikizire kuti malo ndi njira pakati pa zida zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chipinda choyera.
5. Mfundo za kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera
(1). Malo opangira zinthu ndi gawo lalikulu la chipinda choyera ndipo chiyenera kuyendetsedwa mogwirizana, ndipo mpweya woyera uyenera kufalikira m'njira zozungulira zomwe mpweya wake uli ndi mpweya wochepa.
(2). Malo owunikira ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kulekanitsidwa ndipo ntchito siziyenera kuchitika m'dera lomwelo.
(3). Kuyera kwa malo owunikira, ogwirira ntchito, ndi opakira zinthu kuyenera kukhala kosiyana ndi kuchepetsa gawo ndi gawo.
(4). Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yoti chiziteteze ku kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kuti chisawonongedwe, ndipo chipinda choyeretsera mpweya chiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera mpweya za ukhondo wosiyanasiyana.
(5). Kusuta ndi kutafuna chingamu n'koletsedwa m'chipinda choyera kuti malo ogwirira ntchito akhale aukhondo.
6. Zofunikira pakuyeretsa chipinda choyera
(1). Kuyeretsa nthawi zonse: Chipinda choyera chiyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti fumbi ndi zinthu zoipitsa zichotsedwe m'chipinda chogwirira ntchito.
(2). Njira zoyeretsera: Pangani njira zoyeretsera ndikufotokozera bwino njira zoyeretsera, kuchuluka kwa anthu odalirika komanso nthawi yoyeretsera.
(3). Zolemba zoyeretsa: Lembani njira yoyeretsera ndi zotsatira zake kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuyeretsako kuli kogwira mtima komanso kolondola.
7. Zofunikira pakuwunika chipinda choyera
(1). Kuyang'anira mpweya: Kuyang'anira mpweya nthawi zonse m'chipinda choyera kuti muwonetsetse kuti zofunikira za ukhondo zakwaniritsidwa.
(2). Kuwunika ukhondo wa pamwamba: Yang'anirani ukhondo wa pamwamba nthawi zonse m'chipinda choyera kuti muwonetsetse kuti zofunikira za ukhondo zakwaniritsidwa.
(3). Zolemba zowunikira: Lembani zotsatira zakuwunika kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuyang'anirako kuli kogwira mtima komanso kolondola.
8. Zofunikira pakuvomereza chipinda choyera
(1). Miyezo yovomerezeka: Malinga ndi mulingo wa chipinda choyera, pangani miyezo yovomerezeka yovomerezeka.
(2). Njira zolandirira: Fotokozani njira zolandirira ndi anthu odalirika kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuvomerezako n'kolondola komanso kutsatiridwa.
(3). Zolemba zovomerezeka: Lembani njira yolandirira ndi zotsatira zake kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuvomerezako kukugwira ntchito bwino komanso kutsatiridwa.
9. Zofunikira pa kasamalidwe ka kusintha chipinda choyera
(1). Fomu yofunsira kusintha: Pakusintha kulikonse kwa chipinda choyera, fomu yofunsira kusintha iyenera kuperekedwa ndipo ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mutavomereza.
(2). Zolemba za kusintha: Lembani njira yosinthira ndi zotsatira zake kuti muwonetsetse kuti kusinthako kukugwira ntchito bwino komanso kutsatiridwa.
10. Malangizo Opewera
(1). Pa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya chipinda choyera, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pa momwe zinthu zadzidzidzi monga kuzima kwa magetsi, kutuluka kwa mpweya, ndi kutuluka kwa madzi nthawi iliyonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti malo opangira zinthu akugwira ntchito bwino.
(2). Ogwira ntchito m'mashopu ayenera kulandira maphunziro aukadaulo, malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala njira zogwirira ntchito ndi njira zotetezeka zogwirira ntchito, ndikuwonjezera luso lawo logwirira ntchito komanso kumva kuti ali ndi udindo.
(3). Yendani nthawi zonse ndikusunga chipinda choyera, lembani deta yoyang'anira, ndikuyang'ana nthawi zonse zizindikiro zachilengedwe monga ukhondo, kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-16-2025