Monga momwe zimadziwikira, gawo lalikulu la mafakitale apamwamba, olondola komanso apamwamba sangachite popanda chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi, monga mapanelo a CCL circuit substrate copper clad, ma PCB printed circuit boards, ma photoelectronic LCD screens ndi ma LED, mabatire amphamvu ndi 3C lithium, ndi mafakitale ena azamankhwala ndi chakudya.
Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, miyezo yabwino yothandizira zinthu zomwe makampani opanga zinthu amafunikira ikupitilizidwa kukonzedwa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, opanga mafakitale samangofunika kungopanga zinthu zatsopano kuchokera munjira yopangira, komanso akuyenera kukonza malo opangira zinthuzo, kutsatira malamulo oteteza chilengedwe m'chipinda, ndikukweza mtundu wa zinthu komanso kukhazikika.
Kaya ndi kukonzanso mafakitale omwe alipo chifukwa cha kukwera kwa khalidwe la zinthu kapena kukulitsa mafakitale chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa msika, opanga mafakitale adzakumana ndi mavuto akuluakulu okhudzana ndi tsogolo la bizinesiyo, monga kukonzekera mapulojekiti.
Kuyambira pa zomangamanga mpaka zothandizira zokongoletsera, kuyambira pa zaluso mpaka kugula zida, njira zingapo zovuta za polojekiti zimakhudzidwa. Mu ndondomekoyi, nkhawa zazikulu za gulu lomanga ziyenera kukhala mtundu wa polojekitiyo ndi mtengo wake wonse.
Zotsatirazi zifotokoza mwachidule zinthu zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wa chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi panthawi yomanga mafakitale a mafakitale.
1. Zinthu Zokhudza Malo
Malo ofunikirawa ali ndi zinthu ziwiri: malo oyera ndi kutalika kwa denga la chipinda choyera, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji mtengo wa zokongoletsera zamkati ndi malo ozungulira: makoma ogawa zipinda zoyera ndi malo osungira zipinda zoyera. Mtengo wogulira mpweya woziziritsa, kuchuluka kwa malo ofunikira a mpweya woziziritsa, njira yoperekera ndi kubwezera mpweya woziziritsa, njira ya mapaipi a mpweya woziziritsa, ndi kuchuluka kwa malo oziziritsira mpweya.
Pofuna kupewa kuwonjezera ndalama zomwe polojekiti imagwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha malo, wokonza zinthu angaganizire mbali ziwiri mokwanira: malo ogwirira ntchito a zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira (kuphatikizapo kutalika kapena m'lifupi mwa kayendedwe, kukonza ndi kukonza) ndi komwe antchito ndi zinthu zikuyendera.
Pakadali pano, nyumba zimatsatira mfundo zosungira malo, zinthu ndi mphamvu, kotero chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi sichili chachikulu momwe zingathere. Pokonzekera kumanga, ndikofunikira kuganizira zida zake zopangira zinthu ndi njira zake, zomwe zingapewe ndalama zosafunikira.
2. Zinthu Zokhudza Kutentha, Chinyezi ndi Ukhondo wa Mpweya
Kutentha, chinyezi, ndi ukhondo wa mpweya ndi deta yoyera ya chilengedwe cha chipinda choyera yopangidwira zinthu zamafakitale, zomwe ndi maziko apamwamba kwambiri opangira chipinda choyera komanso chitsimikizo chofunikira cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu. Miyezo yomwe ilipo pano yagawidwa m'magawo amitundu yonse, miyezo yakomweko, miyezo yamakampani, ndi miyezo yamkati yamakampani.
Miyezo monga kugawa ukhondo ndi miyezo ya GMP ya makampani opanga mankhwala ndi ya dziko lonse. Kwa mafakitale ambiri opanga, miyezo ya zipinda zoyera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira imadalira makamaka makhalidwe a zinthu.
Mwachitsanzo, kutentha ndi chinyezi cha malo owonekera, filimu youma, ndi malo ophikira chigoba mumakampani opanga ma PCB kuyambira 22+1℃ mpaka 55+5%, ndipo ukhondo umayambira kalasi 1000 mpaka kalasi 100000. Makampani opanga mabatire a lithiamu amaika patsogolo kwambiri kuwongolera chinyezi chochepa, pomwe chinyezi nthawi zambiri chimakhala pansi pa 20%. Ma workshop ena okhwima kwambiri operekera madzi amafunika kulamulidwa pa chinyezi cha pafupifupi 1%.
Kufotokozera miyezo ya zachilengedwe ya chipinda choyera ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri yomwe imakhudza ndalama zomwe polojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito. Kukhazikitsa mulingo wa ukhondo kumakhudza mtengo wokongoletsera: umayikidwa pa kalasi 100000 ndi kupitirira apo, zomwe zimafuna malo oyeretsera ofunikira, zitseko ndi mawindo a chipinda choyera, malo operekera mpweya kwa ogwira ntchito ndi katundu, komanso pansi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, zimakhudzanso mtengo wa mpweya woziziritsa: ukhondo ukakhala wokwera, kusintha kwa mpweya kumafunika kuti kukwaniritse zofunikira pakuyeretsa, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira pa AHU, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolowera m'malo opumira mpweya kumapeto kwa njira yopumira mpweya.
Mofananamo, kupanga kutentha ndi chinyezi mu workshop sikuti kumakhudza mavuto amtengo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa okha, komanso kumakhudza kuwongolera kulondola. Kulondola kwambiri, zida zothandizira zofunika zimakhala zokwanira. Ngati chinyezi chili cholondola mpaka +3% kapena ± 5%, zida zofunikira zoyeretsera chinyezi ndi kuyeretsa ziyenera kukhala zokwanira.
Kukhazikitsa kutentha kwa malo ogwirira ntchito, chinyezi, ndi ukhondo sikungokhudza ndalama zoyambira zokha, komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito kumapeto kwa fakitale yokhala ndi maziko obiriwira. Chifukwa chake, kutengera mawonekedwe a zinthu zake zopangira, kuphatikiza miyezo yadziko, miyezo yamakampani, ndi miyezo yamkati ya bizinesiyo, kupanga moyenera miyezo yazachilengedwe yomwe ikugwirizana ndi zosowa zake ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pokonzekera kumanga malo ogwirira ntchito oyera m'chipinda.
3. Zinthu Zina
Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira ziwiri zazikulu za malo ndi chilengedwe, zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza kutsatira malamulo a malo oyeretsera zipinda nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa ndi makampani opanga mapulani kapena omanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha ndi chinyezi zichuluke. Mwachitsanzo, kuganizira kosakwanira za nyengo yakunja, osaganizira mphamvu ya utsi wa zida, kupanga kutentha kwa zida, kupanga fumbi la zida ndi mphamvu ya chinyezi kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-12-2023