Makampani opanga zamagetsi:
Ndi chitukuko cha makompyuta, ma microelectronics ndi zamakono zamakono, makampani opanga zamagetsi akukula mofulumira, ndipo teknoloji yoyera ya chipinda imayendetsedwanso. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofunikira zapamwamba zakhazikitsidwa kuti apange chipinda choyera. Mapangidwe a chipinda choyera mumakampani opanga zamagetsi ndiukadaulo wokwanira. Pokhapokha pomvetsetsa bwino kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera m'makampani opanga zamagetsi ndikupanga mapangidwe oyenera kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mumakampani opanga zamagetsi komanso kupanga bwino.
Makhalidwe a chipinda choyera mumakampani opanga zamagetsi:
Zofunikira zaukhondo ndizokwera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kutentha, chinyezi, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga, ndi kutulutsa kwa zida kumayendetsedwa ngati pakufunika. Kuwala ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa gawo la chipinda choyera kumayendetsedwa molingana ndi mapangidwe kapena ndondomeko. Kuphatikiza apo, chipinda choyera chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pamagetsi osasunthika. Zofunikira pa chinyezi ndizovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa magetsi osasunthika amapangidwa mosavuta mufakitale yowuma kwambiri, imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kuphatikiza kwa CMOS. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwa fakitale yamagetsi kuyenera kuwongoleredwa pafupifupi 22 ° C, ndipo chinyezi chikuyenera kuyendetsedwa pakati pa 50-60% (pali malamulo oyenera a kutentha ndi chinyezi mchipinda choyera chapadera). Panthawiyi, magetsi osasunthika amatha kuthetsedwa bwino ndipo anthu amathanso kukhala omasuka. Misonkhano yopanga chip, chipinda choyera chophatikizika chozungulira komanso malo opangira ma disks ndizofunikira kwambiri pachipinda choyera mumakampani opanga zamagetsi. Popeza zinthu zamagetsi ndi zofunika kwambiri okhwima pa m'nyumba mpweya chilengedwe ndi khalidwe pa kupanga ndi kupanga, iwo makamaka kuganizira kulamulira particles ndi fumbi akuyandama, komanso malamulo okhwima pa kutentha, chinyezi, mpweya wabwino voliyumu, phokoso, etc. .
1. Phokoso (malo opanda kanthu) m'kalasi la 10,000 chipinda choyera cha malo opangira magetsi: sichiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa 65dB (A).
2. Chiŵerengero chathunthu cha chipinda choyera choyera mu chipinda chopangira magetsi sichiyenera kukhala chochepera 60%, ndipo chipinda choyera chopanda unidirectional choyera sichiyenera kukhala chochepera 40%, apo ayi chidzakhala chotsatira cha unidirectional.
3. Kusiyana kwamphamvu kwapakati pakati pa chipinda choyera ndi kunja kwa malo opangira magetsi sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 10Pa, ndipo kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa malo oyera ndi malo osayera omwe ali ndi ukhondo wa mpweya wosiyana sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 5Pa. .
4. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino m'kalasi 10,000 chipinda choyera cha makampani opanga zamagetsi chiyenera kutenga zinthu ziwiri izi:
① Lipirani kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka m'nyumba ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino wofunikira kuti mukhalebe ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yamkati.
② Onetsetsani kuti mpweya wabwino womwe umaperekedwa kuchipinda choyera pa munthu pa ola ndi wosachepera 40m3.
③ Chotenthetsera choyeretsera chipinda choyeretsera mpweya mumakampani opanga zamagetsi chiyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chitetezo chozimitsa kutentha kwambiri. Ngati mfundo humidification ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chitetezo chopanda madzi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa. M'madera ozizira, mpweya watsopano uyenera kukhala ndi njira zotetezera kuzizira. Mpweya woperekera mpweya wa chipinda choyera uyenera kutenga mtengo wapatali wa zinthu zitatu zotsatirazi: mpweya wokwanira kuti utsimikize kuti ukhondo wa mpweya wa chipinda choyera cha mafakitale opanga magetsi; kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa chipinda choyera cha fakitale yamagetsi kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi kuwerengera katundu; kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino womwe umaperekedwa kuchipinda choyera cha mafakitale opanga zamagetsi.
Makampani opanga biomanufacturing:
Makhalidwe a mafakitale a biopharmaceutical:
1. Biopharmaceutical cleanroom sikuti imakhala ndi mtengo wokwera wa zida, njira zopangira zovuta, zofunika kwambiri paukhondo ndi kusabereka, komanso zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pazantchito zopanga.
2. Zowopsa zachilengedwe zomwe zitha kuwoneka popanga, makamaka kuopsa kwa matenda, mabakiteriya akufa kapena maselo akufa ndi zigawo zake kapena kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi la munthu ndi zamoyo zina kawopsedwe, kulimbikitsana ndi zochitika zina zamoyo, kawopsedwe ka mankhwala, kukhudzidwa ndi zochitika zina zachilengedwe, chilengedwe. zotsatira.
Malo aukhondo: Chipinda (malo) chomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikuyenera kuwongolera. Mapangidwe ake omangira, zida ndi ntchito zake zimakhala ndi ntchito yoletsa kuyambitsa, kupanga ndi kusunga zoipitsa m'deralo.
Airlock: Malo akutali okhala ndi zitseko ziwiri kapena kuposerapo pakati pa zipinda ziwiri kapena kuposerapo (monga zipinda zaukhondo wosiyanasiyana). Cholinga chokhazikitsa airlock ndikuwongolera kutuluka kwa mpweya pamene anthu kapena zipangizo zimalowa ndikutuluka pa airlock. Ma airlocks amagawidwa kukhala airlocks ogwira ntchito ndi airlocks.
Zofunikira za chipinda choyera cha biopharmaceuticals: tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kukhala zinthu zoyang'anira chilengedwe. Ukhondo wa msonkhano wopanga mankhwala umagawidwa m'magulu anayi: kalasi yam'deralo 100, kalasi 1000, kalasi 10000 ndi kalasi 30000 pansi pa kalasi 100 kapena kalasi 10000.
Kutentha kwa chipinda choyera: popanda zofunikira zapadera, pa madigiri 18 ~ 26, ndi chinyezi chapafupi chimayendetsedwa pa 45% ~ 65%. Kuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa ma workshops oyera a biopharmaceutical: kuwongolera magwero oyipitsa, kuwongolera njira zofalitsira, ndikuwongolera kuipitsidwa. Ukadaulo wofunikira wamankhwala oyeretsa m'chipinda makamaka ndikuwongolera fumbi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Monga choipitsa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizomwe zimatsogolera pakuwongolera chilengedwe chachipinda. Zoipitsa zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pazida ndi mapaipi pamalo oyera pamalo opangira mankhwala zimatha kuwononga mwachindunji mankhwalawo, koma sizikhudza kuyezetsa kwaukhondo. Mulingo waukhondo siwoyenera kuzindikiritsa thupi, mankhwala, radioactive ndi zofunika katundu wa inaimitsidwa particles. Osadziwa njira yopangira mankhwala, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsa komanso malo omwe zowononga zimawunjikana, komanso njira ndi miyezo yowunika pochotsa zowononga.
Izi ndizofala pakusintha kwaukadaulo wa GMP pazomera zamankhwala:
Chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsana kwa chidziwitso chodziwikiratu, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waukhondo pakuwongolera kuipitsidwa sikuli bwino, ndipo pomaliza, mbewu zina zamankhwala zidayika ndalama zambiri pakusintha, koma mtundu wamankhwala sunasinthidwe bwino.
Kupanga ndi kumanga nyumba zopangira mankhwala zoyera, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida ndi zida m'mafakitale, mtundu wa zida zopangira ndi zothandizira ndi zida zonyamula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, komanso kukhazikitsa kosavomerezeka kwa njira zowongolera anthu aukhondo ndi malo oyera. zidzakhudza khalidwe la mankhwala. Zifukwa zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe la mankhwala pomanga ndi kuti pali mavuto mu ndondomeko ulamuliro ulalo, ndipo pali zobisika zoopsa pa unsembe ndi kumanga ndondomeko, amene ali motere:
① Khoma lamkati la duct ya mpweya woyeretsera mpweya siloyera, kulumikizako sikuli kolimba, komanso kutulutsa mpweya ndikokulirapo;
② Mapangidwe azitsulo zamtundu wazitsulo sizolimba, miyeso yosindikizira pakati pa chipinda choyera ndi mezzanine yaukadaulo (denga) ndi yosayenera, ndipo chitseko chotsekedwa sichikhala ndi mpweya;
③ Mbiri zokongoletsa ndi mapaipi opangira zimapanga ngodya zakufa ndikudzikundikira fumbi mchipinda choyera;
④ Malo ena sanamangidwe molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira ndi malamulo;
⑤ Ubwino wa chosindikizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito sichoyenera, chosavuta kugwa, ndikuwonongeka;
⑥ Mipando yachitsulo yobwerera ndi kutulutsa imalumikizidwa, ndipo fumbi limalowa munjira yobwerera kuchokera ku utsi;
⑦ The mkati khoma kuwotcherera si kupangidwa pamene kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mapaipi aukhondo monga ndondomeko madzi oyeretsedwa ndi jekeseni madzi;
⑧ Valavu yoyendera mpweya imalephera kugwira ntchito, ndipo kubwerera kwa mpweya kumayambitsa kuipitsa;
⑨ Kapangidwe kake ka ngalandezi sikokwanira, ndipo choyikapo chitoliro ndi zowonjezera ndizosavuta kudziunjikira fumbi;
⑩ Kusiyana kwa kupanikizika kwa chipinda choyera sikoyenera ndipo sikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.
Makampani osindikizira ndi kulongedza katundu:
Ndi chitukuko cha anthu, zinthu zamakampani osindikizira ndi makampani olongedza zida zapitanso patsogolo. Zida zosindikizira zazikuluzikulu zalowa m'chipinda choyeretsera, zomwe zingathe kusintha kwambiri zinthu zosindikizidwa ndikuwonjezera kwambiri mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala. Izi ndizophatikizanso bwino kwambiri zamakampani oyeretsa komanso makampani osindikizira. Kusindikiza makamaka limasonyeza kutentha ndi chinyezi cha mankhwala mu ❖ kuyanika danga chilengedwe, chiwerengero cha particles fumbi, ndipo mwachindunji amachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mankhwala khalidwe ndi mlingo oyenerera. Makampani olongedza katundu amawonetsedwa makamaka ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi cha chilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono mumlengalenga, komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mapaketi a chakudya ndi ma CD. Zowonadi, njira zogwirira ntchito za ogwira ntchito zopanga ndizofunikanso kwambiri.
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa popanda fumbi ndi odziimira chatsekedwa kupanga msonkhano wopangidwa ndi mapanelo zitsulo masangweji, amene angathe bwino zosefera kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe mpweya woipa kuti mankhwala ndi kuchepetsa fumbi m'dera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala chilema mlingo. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanda fumbi kumawonjezera mawonekedwe azinthu, monga TV/kompyuta, chipolopolo cha foni yam'manja, DVD/VCD, konsole yamasewera, chojambulira makanema, kompyuta yam'manja ya PDA, chipolopolo cha kamera, zomvera, chowumitsa tsitsi, MD, zodzoladzola. , zoseweretsa ndi zina zogwirira ntchito. Njira: malo opakitsira → kuchotsa fumbi pamanja → kuchotsa fumbi la electrostatic → kupopera pamanja/kupopera mbewu pamanja → malo oyanikapo → Malo ochiritsira utoto wa UV → malo ozizira → malo osindikizira sikirini → malo oyendera bwino → malo olandirira.
Kutsimikizira kuti msonkhano wopanda fumbi wopanda fumbi wazakudya umagwira ntchito bwino, uyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti umakwaniritsa zofunikira izi:
① Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa malo opangira chakudya opanda fumbi ndikokwanira kutsitsa kapena kuthetsa kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika m'nyumba.
② Mpweya wa malo osungiramo chakudya opanda fumbi umayenda kuchokera kumalo oyera kupita kumalo opanda ukhondo, kutuluka kwa mpweya woipitsidwa kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kayendedwe ka mpweya pakhomo ndi m'nyumba yamkati ndi yolondola.
③ Kutulutsa mpweya kwa malo opangira chakudya opanda fumbi sikudzawonjezera kwambiri kuipitsidwa kwamkati.
④ Kuyenda kwa mpweya wamkati m'chipinda chotsekeramo chakudya chopanda fumbi kungathe kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe malo osonkhanitsira anthu ambiri mchipinda chotsekedwa. Ngati chipinda choyera chikukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zili pamwambazi, ndende yake ya tinthu kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (ngati kuli kofunikira) ikhoza kuyesedwa kuti idziwe kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chipinda choyera.
Makampani opaka chakudya:
1. Mpweya ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya: Ngati chipindacho chili chipwirikiti chaukhondo, ndiye kuti mpweya wake ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wake ziyenera kuyezedwa. Ngati ndi chipinda chaukhondo chopanda njira iliyonse, liwiro la mphepo liyenera kuyezedwa.
2. Kuwongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya pakati pa madera: Kutsimikizira kuti kayendedwe ka mpweya pakati pa madera ndi kolondola, ndiko kuti, kumayenda kuchokera kumalo oyera kupita kumalo opanda ukhondo, ndikofunikira kuyesa:
① Kusiyana kwamphamvu pakati pa chigawo chilichonse ndikolondola;
② Mayendedwe a mpweya pakhomo kapena kutsegulira pakhoma, pansi, ndi zina zotero ndi zolondola, ndiko kuti, zimayenda kuchokera kumalo oyera kupita kumalo opanda ukhondo.
3. Kuzindikira kutayikira kwa fyuluta: Sefa yochita bwino kwambiri ndi chimango chake chakunja ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zoipitsa zomwe zayimitsidwa sizingadutse:
① Fyuluta yowonongeka;
② Kusiyana pakati pa fyuluta ndi chimango chake chakunja;
③ Mbali zina za chipangizo chosefera ndikulowa m'chipindamo.
4. Kuzindikira kutayikira patokha: Kuyesaku ndikutsimikizira kuti zoipitsa zoyimitsidwa sizimalowa m'nyumba zomangira ndikulowa mchipinda choyera.
5. Kuwongolera kayendedwe ka mpweya m'nyumba: Mtundu wa kuyesa kayendedwe ka mpweya umadalira mawonekedwe a mpweya wa chipinda choyera - kaya ndi chipwirikiti kapena unidirectional. Ngati mpweya wa m'chipinda choyera uli ndi chipwirikiti, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti palibe malo m'chipindamo momwe mpweya umakhala wosakwanira. Ngati ndi chipinda chopanda unidirectional choyera, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti liwiro la mphepo ndi mayendedwe amphepo a chipinda chonsecho zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.
6. Kuyimitsidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono: Ngati mayesero omwe ali pamwambawa akukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndende ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (pamene pakufunika) zimayesedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zaumisiri wa chipinda choyera.
7. Mayesero ena: Kuphatikiza pa mayesero omwe ali pamwambawa, mayesero amodzi kapena angapo ayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zina: kutentha; chinyezi chachibale; Kutentha kwa m'nyumba ndi kuziziritsa mphamvu; mtengo waphokoso; kuwala; mtengo wogwedezeka.
Makampani opangira mankhwala:
1. Zofunikira pakuwongolera chilengedwe:
① Perekani mulingo woyeretsa mpweya wofunikira popanga. Kuchuluka kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta fumbi la mpweya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu pulojekiti yoyeretsera maphukusi amayenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse ndikujambulidwa. Kusiyana kwa static pressure pakati pa ma workshop amapaketi a magawo osiyanasiyana kuyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa mtengo womwe watchulidwa.
② Kutentha ndi chinyezi chaching'ono cha polojekiti yoyeretsera maphukusi ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zofunikira zake popanga.
③ Malo opangira ma penicillin, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri komanso anti-chotupa ayenera kukhala ndi makina owongolera mpweya, ndipo mpweya wotuluka uyenera kuyeretsedwa.
④ Pazipinda zomwe zimapanga fumbi, zida zoyenera zosonkhanitsira fumbi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ziteteze kuipitsidwa kwa fumbi.
⑤ Pazipinda zothandizira zopangira monga zosungirako, malo olowera mpweya wabwino ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi zofunikira pakupanga mankhwala ndi kulongedza.
2. Malo aukhondo ndi mafupipafupi a mpweya wabwino: Chipinda chaukhondo chiyenera kuwongolera mosamalitsa ukhondo wa mpweya, komanso magawo monga kutentha kwa chilengedwe, chinyezi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino ndi kusiyana kwa kuthamanga.
① Mulingo wa kuyeretsedwa ndi mafupipafupi a mpweya wabwino wa malo opangira mankhwala ndi kulongedza Ukhondo wa mpweya wa ntchito yoyeretsa ya malo opangira mankhwala ndi ma CD amagawidwa m'magulu anayi: kalasi 100, kalasi 10,000, kalasi 100,000 ndi kalasi 300,000. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino wa chipinda choyera, m'pofunika kufananiza kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa chinthu chilichonse ndikutenga mtengo wapatali. M'zochita, pafupipafupi mpweya wabwino wa kalasi 100 ndi 300-400 nthawi / h, kalasi 10,000 ndi 25-35 nthawi / h, ndi kalasi 100,000 ndi 15-20 nthawi / h.
② Magawo aukhondo a projekiti ya zipinda zoyera za msonkhano wazolongedza mankhwala. Malo enieni a ukhondo wa malo opangira mankhwala ndi malo olongedza amatengera mulingo wapadziko lonse woyeretsa.
③ Kutsimikiza kwa magawo ena achilengedwe a projekiti yoyera ya msonkhano wazolongedza.
④ Kutentha ndi chinyezi cha polojekiti yoyeretsera pamisonkhano yolongedza katundu. Kutentha ndi chinyezi chaching'ono cha chipinda choyera chiyenera kugwirizana ndi ndondomeko yopangira mankhwala. Kutentha: 20 ~ 23 ℃ (chilimwe) kalasi 100 ndi kalasi 10,000 ukhondo, 24 ~ 26 ℃ kalasi 100,000 ndi kalasi 300,000 ukhondo, 26 ~ 27 ℃ m'madera ambiri. Ukhondo wa kalasi 100 ndi 10,000 ndi zipinda zopanda kanthu. Wachibale chinyezi: 45-50% (chilimwe) mankhwala hygroscopic, 50% ~ 55% olimba kukonzekera mapiritsi, 55% ~ 65% jekeseni madzi ndi zakumwa m`kamwa.
⑤ Kupanikizika m'chipinda choyera kuti mukhale aukhondo m'nyumba, kupanikizika kwabwino kuyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba. Kwa zipinda zoyera zomwe zimatulutsa fumbi, zinthu zovulaza, ndikupanga mankhwala amtundu wa penicillin, kuipitsidwa kwakunja kuyenera kupewedwa kapena kupanikizika koyipa kuyenera kusungidwa pakati pa madera. Kupanikizika kosasunthika kwa zipinda zokhala ndi ukhondo wosiyanasiyana. Kupanikizika kwamkati kuyenera kukhalabe kwabwino, ndi kusiyana kopitilira 5Pa kuchokera kuchipinda choyandikana, ndipo kusiyana kwapakati pachipinda choyera ndi mpweya wakunja kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 10Pa.
Makampani azakudya:
Chakudya ndicho chofunikira choyamba cha anthu, ndipo matenda amachokera mkamwa, choncho chitetezo ndi ukhondo wa mafakitale a zakudya zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Chitetezo ndi ukhondo wa chakudya uyenera kuyendetsedwa m'mbali zitatu: choyamba, kagwiridwe ka ntchito kokhazikika kwa ogwira ntchito yopanga chakudya; chachiwiri, kuwongolera kuwononga chilengedwe chakunja (malo ogwirira ntchito akuyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Chachitatu, gwero lazogula liyenera kukhala lopanda zida zopangira zovuta.
Malo a msonkhano wopangira chakudya amasinthidwa kuti apange, ndi masanjidwe oyenera komanso ngalande yosalala; nyumba yochitiramo misonkhano imamangidwa ndi zinthu zosaterera, zolimba, zosaloŵa m’madzi ndi zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, ndipo ndi lathyathyathya, lopanda madzi akuwunjikana, ndipo limakhala laukhondo; kutuluka kwa msonkhano ndi malo osungiramo madzi ndi mpweya wabwino omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi dziko lakunja ali ndi zida zotsutsana ndi makoswe, anti-fly and anti-insect. Makoma, madenga, zitseko ndi mazenera mumsonkhanowo ayenera kumangidwa ndi zipangizo zopanda poizoni, zopepuka, zopanda madzi, zoteteza mildew, zosakhetsa komanso zosavuta kuyeretsa. Makona a makoma, ngodya zapansi ndi ngodya zapamwamba ziyenera kukhala ndi arc (malo opindika sayenera kuchepera 3cm). Matebulo ogwirira ntchito, malamba onyamula katundu, magalimoto oyendera ndi zida zomwe zili mumsonkhanowu ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zopanda poizoni, zosawononga dzimbiri, zopanda dzimbiri, zosavuta kuyeretsa komanso zopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso zolimba. Zida zokwanira zochapira m'manja, zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zoyanika m'manja kapena zinthu zofunika kuziyika ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malo oyenerera, ndipo mipopeyo iyenera kukhala masiwichi osagwiritsa ntchito pamanja. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakukonza zinthu, payenera kukhala malo ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nsapato, nsapato ndi mawilo pakhomo la msonkhano. Payenera kukhala chipinda chovala cholumikizidwa ndi msonkhanowo. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakukonza zinthu, zimbudzi ndi zipinda zosambira zolumikizidwa ndi msonkhanowo ziyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa.
Optoelectronics:
Chipinda choyeretsera zinthu za optoelectronic nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyenera pazida zamagetsi, makompyuta, mafakitale a semiconductor, makampani amagalimoto, mafakitale apamlengalenga, kujambula, kupanga ma microcomputer ndi mafakitale ena. Kuphatikiza pa ukhondo wa mpweya, m'pofunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti zofunikira za kuchotsa magetsi osasunthika zikukwaniritsidwa. Zotsatirazi ndizofotokozera za msonkhano woyeretsa wopanda fumbi mu makampani a optoelectronics, kutenga chitsanzo chamakono cha LED monga chitsanzo.
Kuyika kwa polojekiti yoyeretsa pachipinda cha LED ndikuwunikira milandu yomanga: Pamapangidwe awa, akutanthauza kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ochitirako ma workshop opanda fumbi oyeretsera, ndipo ukhondo wake umakhala wamagulu 1,000, kalasi 10,000 kapena kalasi 100,000. Kuyika kwa malo ochitira zinthu zotsuka pazipinda zounikira kumbuyo kumakhala kopondaponda ma workshopu, misonkhano ndi malo ena oyeretsa azinthu zotere, ndipo ukhondo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala wamagulu 10,000 kapena kalasi 100,000. Zofunikira pazigawo zamkati zamkati pakukhazikitsa malo ochitira misonkhano yoyeretsa ya LED:
1. Kutentha ndi chinyezi zofunika: Kutentha nthawi zambiri ndi 24 ± 2 ℃, ndi chinyezi wachibale ndi 55 ± 5%.
2. Mpweya wabwino wa mpweya: Popeza pali anthu ambiri mumsonkhanowu wopanda fumbi wopanda fumbi, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zotsatirazi ziyenera kutengedwa motsatira mfundo izi: 10-30% ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wonse wa chipinda chotsuka chopanda unidirectional. msonkhano; kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino wofunikira kuti ulipire utsi wamkati ndikukhalabe ndi mpweya wabwino wamkati; onetsetsani kuti mpweya wabwino wamkati mwa munthu pa ola ndi ≥40m3/h.
3. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wambiri. Kuti mukwaniritse ukhondo ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi m'malo opangira ukhondo, mpweya waukulu umafunika. Pa msonkhano wa 300 masikweya mita ndi kutalika kwa denga la 2.5 metres, ngati ndi gulu la 10,000 malo oyeretsera, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kuyenera kukhala 300 * 2.5 * 30 = 22500m3 / h (ma frequency osintha mpweya ndi ≥25 times/h ); ngati ndi kalasi ya 100,000 yoyeretsa zipinda, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumafunika 300 * 2.5 * 20 = 15000m3 / h (mafupipafupi osintha mpweya ndi ≥15 nthawi / h).
Zamankhwala ndi thanzi:
Tekinoloje yoyera imatchedwanso ukadaulo wachipinda choyera. Kuwonjezera pa kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kutentha ndi chinyezi m'zipinda zokhala ndi mpweya, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zaumisiri ndi zamakono ndi kasamalidwe kokhazikika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulamulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamkati, mpweya, kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero. Chipinda choterechi chimatchedwa chipinda choyera. Chipinda chaukhondo chimamangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipatala. Ndi chitukuko cha chithandizo chamankhwala ndi thanzi komanso luso lapamwamba, teknoloji yoyera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera azachipatala, ndipo zofunikira zaumisiri pazokha ndizokwera. Zipinda zaukhondo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachipatala zimagawidwa makamaka m'magulu atatu: zipinda zopangira opaleshoni zaukhondo, zipinda zosungirako anthu okalamba aukhondo ndi ma laboratories aukhondo.
Chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito modular:
Chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito modular chimatenga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono monga chandamale chowongolera, magawo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zizindikiro zamagulu, ndipo ukhondo wa mpweya ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira. Chipinda chochitira opaleshoni chikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa kutengera ukhondo:
1. Chipinda chapadera chochitira opaleshoni: Ukhondo wa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi gulu la 100, ndipo malo ozungulira ndi kalasi 1,000. Ndizoyenera kuchita maopaleshoni a aseptic monga kuwotcha, kutembenuzira mafupa, kuyika chiwalo, opaleshoni yaubongo, ophthalmology, opaleshoni yapulasitiki ndi opaleshoni yamtima.
2. Chipinda chochitira opaleshoni: Ukhondo wa malo opangira opaleshoni ndi kalasi ya 1000, ndipo malo ozungulira ndi kalasi 10,000. Ndi oyenera opaleshoni ya aseptic monga opaleshoni ya chifuwa, opaleshoni ya pulasitiki, urology, hepatobiliary ndi pancreatic opaleshoni, opaleshoni ya mafupa ndi kuchotsa dzira.
3. Chipinda cha opareshoni yanthawi zonse: Ukhondo wa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi gulu la 10,000, ndipo malo ozungulira ndi kalasi 100,000. Ndi oyenera opaleshoni ambiri, dermatology ndi opaleshoni m'mimba.
4. Chipinda cha opareshoni cha Quasi-clean modular: Ukhondo wa mpweya ndi kalasi ya 100,000, yoyenera kwa obereketsa, opaleshoni ya anorectal ndi maopaleshoni ena. Kuphatikiza pa ukhondo ndi kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya m'chipinda chaukhondo chochitira opaleshoni, zofunikira zaukadaulo ziyeneranso kutsatira malamulo ofunikira. Onani tebulo lalikulu la magawo aukadaulo a zipinda pamilingo yonse mu dipatimenti yoyeretsa. Maonekedwe a ndege a chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito modula ayenera kugawidwa m'magawo awiri: malo oyera ndi malo osayera malinga ndi zofunikira zonse. Chipinda chogwirira ntchito ndi zipinda zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwachindunji zimayenera kukhala pamalo aukhondo. Anthu ndi zinthu zikadutsa m'malo aukhondo osiyanasiyana mchipinda chochitiramo modula, zotsekera ndege, zipinda zotchingira kapena bokosi lachiphaso ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Chipinda chopangira opaleshoni nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakatikati. Ndege yamkati ndi mawonekedwe a tchanelo akuyenera kutsata mfundo zoyendera bwino komanso kulekanitsa koyera ndi konyansa.
Mitundu ingapo yamawodi aukhondo m'chipatala:
Malo osungira anamwino oyera amagawidwa m'mawodi odzipatula komanso malo osamalira odwala kwambiri. Mawodi odzipatula amagawidwa m'magulu anayi molingana ndi chiwopsezo chachilengedwe: P1, P2, P3, ndi P4. Mawodi a P1 kwenikweni ndi ofanana ndi mawodi wamba, ndipo palibe choletsa chapadera kwa anthu akunja kulowa ndi kutuluka; Mawodi a P2 ndi okhwima kuposa mawodi a P1, ndipo akunja nthawi zambiri amaletsedwa kulowa ndi kutuluka; Mawodi a P3 amasiyanitsidwa ndi kunja ndi zitseko zolemera kapena zipinda za buffer, ndipo kupanikizika kwa mkati mwa chipindacho ndi koipa; Mawodi a P4 amasiyanitsidwa ndi kunja ndi madera odzipatula, ndipo kupanikizika kwapanyumba kumakhala kosalekeza ku 30Pa. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala amavala zovala zodzitetezera kuti asatengere matenda. Magulu osamalira odwala kwambiri amaphatikizapo ICU (odwala kwambiri), CCU (gulu la chisamaliro cha odwala amtima), NICU (gawo losamalira ana asanakwane), chipinda cha khansa ya m'magazi, ndi zina zotero. Kutentha kwa chipinda cha leukemia ndi 242, mphepo yamkuntho ndi 0.15-0.3 / m / s, chinyezi chochepa chimakhala pansi pa 60%, ndipo ukhondo ndi kalasi ya 100. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya wabwino kwambiri woperekedwa uyenera kufika pamutu wa wodwalayo. choyamba, kuti m`kamwa ndi mphuno kupuma m`dera ndi mbali mpweya chakudya, ndi otaya yopingasa bwino. Kuyeza kwa bakiteriya m'chipinda chowotcha kumasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka laminar koyima kumakhala ndi ubwino woonekera pa chithandizo chotseguka, ndi liwiro la jekeseni la 0.2m / s, kutentha kwa 28-34, ndi msinkhu waukhondo wa kalasi 1000. Kupuma ma organ ward ndi osowa ku China. Mtundu uwu wa wadi uli ndi zofunika kwambiri pa kutentha kwa m'nyumba ndi chinyezi. Kutentha kumayendetsedwa pa 23-30 ℃, chinyezi chapafupi ndi 40-60%, ndipo ward iliyonse imatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zosowa za wodwalayo. Mulingo waukhondo umayendetsedwa pakati pa kalasi 10 ndi kalasi 10000, ndipo phokoso ndi lochepera 45dB (A). Ogwira ntchito m'chipindamo ayenera kudziyeretsa monga kusintha zovala ndi kusamba, ndipo wodiyo ayenera kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zabwino.
Laborator:
Ma laboratories amagawidwa m'ma laboratories wamba ndi ma laboratories achitetezo chachilengedwe. Zoyesera zomwe zimachitidwa m'ma laboratories oyeretsa wamba sizopatsirana, koma chilengedwe chimafunika kuti chisakhale ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakuyesa komweko. Choncho, ku labotale kulibe malo otetezera, ndipo ukhondo uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyesera.
Laborator ya biosafety ndi kuyesa kwachilengedwe komwe kumakhala ndi zida zodzitetezera zomwe zimatha kupeza chitetezo chachiwiri. Kuyesera konse kwasayansi pazachilengedwe, biomedicine, kuyesa kogwira ntchito, ndi kuphatikizikanso kwa majini kumafunikira ma laboratories a biosafety. Pachimake ma laboratories achitetezo chachilengedwe ndi chitetezo, chomwe chimagawidwa m'magulu anayi: P1, P2, P3, ndi P4 kutengera kuchuluka kwa ngozi yachilengedwe.
Ma labotale a P1 ndi oyenera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timadziwika bwino kwambiri, omwe nthawi zambiri samayambitsa matenda mwa akulu athanzi ndipo sakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa kwa oyesera komanso chilengedwe. Khomo liyenera kutsekedwa panthawi yoyesera ndipo ntchitoyo iyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi kuyesa wamba kwa microbiological; Ma laboratories a P2 ndi oyenera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Kufikira kumalo oyesera ndikoletsedwa. Kuyesa komwe kungayambitse ma aerosols kuyenera kuchitika m'makabati a Class II biosafety, ndipo ma autoclave ayenera kupezeka; Ma labotale a P3 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo azachipatala, zowunikira, zophunzitsira, kapena zopangira. Ntchito zokhudzana ndi amkati ndi exogenous tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ikuchitika pa mlingo uwu. Kuwonetseredwa ndi kupuma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungayambitse matenda aakulu komanso omwe angakhale akupha. Laborator ili ndi zitseko ziwiri kapena zotsekera ndege komanso malo oyesera akutali. Osakhala ogwira ntchito amaletsedwa kulowa. Laboratory imapanikizika kwambiri molakwika. Makabati a Class II biosafety amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera. Zosefera za Hepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa mpweya wamkati ndikuutulutsa panja. Ma laboratories a P4 ali ndi zofunika kwambiri kuposa ma labotale a P3. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda towopsa tomwe timachokera kunja timakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a labotale komanso matenda owopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa aerosol. Ntchito yoyenera iyenera kuchitidwa mu labotale ya P4. Mapangidwe a malo odzipatula odzipatula m'nyumba ndi gawo lakunja amatengedwa. Kupanikizika koipa kumasungidwa m'nyumba. Makabati a Class III biosafety amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera. Zida zogawa mpweya ndi zipinda zosambira zakhazikitsidwa. Oyendetsa galimoto ayenera kuvala zovala zoteteza. Osakhala ogwira ntchito amaletsedwa kulowa. Pachimake pakupanga ma labotale achitetezo a biosafety ndikudzipatula kwamphamvu, ndipo njira zotulutsa mpweya ndizoyang'ana. Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamalowa kumagogomezeredwa, ndipo chidwi chimaperekedwa pakulekanitsa madzi aukhondo ndi akuda kuti asafalikire mwangozi. Ukhondo wapakatikati umafunika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-26-2024