Chidule cha Chipinda Choyera

Wills Whitfield

Mungadziwe kuti chipinda choyera ndi chiyani, koma kodi mukudziwa nthawi yomwe chinayamba komanso chifukwa chake? Lero, tiwona bwino mbiri ya zipinda zoyera ndi mfundo zina zosangalatsa zomwe simungadziwe.

Chiyambi

Chipinda choyamba choyera chomwe akatswiri a mbiri yakale adachizindikira chinayamba pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, komwe malo oyeretsera anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zochitira opaleshoni m'zipatala. Komabe, zipinda zamakono zoyera zinapangidwa panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse komwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kupanga zida zapamwamba pamalo otetezeka komanso opanda mpweya. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo, opanga mafakitale aku US ndi UK adapanga matanki, ndege, ndi mfuti, zomwe zidathandizira kuti nkhondoyi ipambane ndikupatsa asilikali zida zomwe zimafunikira.
Ngakhale kuti palibe tsiku lenileni lomwe lingatchulidwe nthawi yomwe chipinda choyamba choyera chinalipo, zimadziwika kuti zosefera za HEPA zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zoyera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950. Ena amakhulupirira kuti zipinda zoyera zinayamba pa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse Yoyamba pamene panali kufunika kogawa malo ogwirira ntchito kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa pakati pa madera opanga zinthu.
Kaya zinadziwika liti, kuipitsidwa kunali vuto, ndipo zipinda zoyera zinali yankho. Zikukula mosalekeza komanso kusintha nthawi zonse kuti mapulojekiti, kafukufuku, ndi kupanga zinthu ziyende bwino, zipinda zoyera monga momwe timazidziwira masiku ano zimadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kochepa kwa zoipitsa komanso zodetsa.

Zipinda zamakono zoyera

Zipinda zoyera zomwe mukuzidziwa lero zinayamba kukhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zaku America, Wills Whitfield. Asanalengedwe, zipinda zoyera zinali ndi kuipitsidwa chifukwa cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso mpweya woyenda mosayembekezereka m'chipinda chonsecho. Poona vuto lomwe likufunika kuthetsedwa, Whitfield adapanga zipinda zoyera zokhala ndi mpweya woyenda nthawi zonse, womwe umasefedwa kwambiri, womwe ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zoyera masiku ano.
Zipinda zoyera zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana kukula ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga kafukufuku wa sayansi, uinjiniya wa mapulogalamu ndi kupanga, ndege, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Ngakhale kuti "ukhondo" wa zipinda zoyera wasintha kwa zaka zambiri, cholinga chawo chakhalabe chomwecho. Monga momwe zilili ndi kusintha kwa chilichonse, tikuyembekeza kuti kusintha kwa zipinda zoyera kupitirire, pamene kafukufuku wochulukirapo ukuchitidwa ndipo makina osefera mpweya akupitilizabe kusintha.
Mwina mukudziwa kale mbiri ya zipinda zoyera kapena simukudziwa, koma tikuganiza kuti simukudziwa zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa. Monga akatswiri a zipinda zoyera, kupatsa makasitomala athu zinthu zabwino kwambiri zoyera zomwe amafunikira kuti akhale otetezeka akugwira ntchito, taganiza kuti mungafune kudziwa mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri zokhudza zipinda zoyera. Kenako, mungaphunzirepo kanthu kena kapena ziwiri zomwe mukufuna kugawana.

Zinthu zisanu zomwe simunadziwe zokhudza zipinda zoyera

1. Kodi mukudziwa kuti munthu wosasunthika akaima m'chipinda choyera amatulutsa tinthu toposa 100,000 pamphindi? Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuvala zovala zoyenera zoyera zomwe mungapeze pano ku sitolo yathu. Zinthu zinayi zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kuvala m'chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhala chipewa, chivundikiro/epuloni, chigoba ndi magolovesi.
2. NASA imadalira zipinda zoyera kuti zipitirire kukula kwa pulogalamu ya mlengalenga komanso kupitilizabe chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa mpweya ndi kusefa.
3. Makampani ambiri ogulitsa chakudya akugwiritsa ntchito zipinda zoyera popanga zinthu zomwe zimadalira miyezo yapamwamba ya ukhondo.
4. Zipinda zoyera zimayesedwa ndi gulu lawo, zomwe zimadalira kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka m'chipindamo nthawi iliyonse.
5. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuipitsidwa komwe kungayambitse kulephera kwa mankhwala ndi mayeso olakwika komanso zotsatira zake, monga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zinthu zopanda chilengedwe, ndi tinthu ta mpweya. Zinthu zoyera zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito zimatha kuchepetsa zolakwika monga zopukutira, zopukutira, ndi mayankho.
Tsopano, munganene moona mtima kuti mukudziwa zonse zokhudza zipinda zoyera. Chabwino, mwina si zonse, koma mukudziwa amene mungamudalire kuti akupatseni zonse zomwe mukufuna mukugwira ntchito m'chipinda choyera.