1. Kusanthula makhalidwe a zipinda zazitali zoyera
(1). Zipinda zazitali zoyera zimakhala ndi makhalidwe awoawo. Kawirikawiri, chipinda chachitali choyera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pambuyo pa ntchito yokonza, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zida zazikulu. Sizifuna ukhondo wambiri, ndipo kutentha ndi chinyezi sizimawongoleredwa bwino. Zipangizozi sizipanga kutentha kwambiri panthawi yokonza, ndipo pali anthu ochepa.
(2). Zipinda zazitali zoyera nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mafelemu akuluakulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopepuka. Mbale yapamwamba nthawi zambiri siimakhala yophweka kunyamula katundu wambiri.
(3). Kupanga ndi kugawa kwa tinthu ta fumbi. Pazipinda zazitali zoyera, gwero lalikulu la kuipitsa ndi losiyana ndi la zipinda zoyera. Kuwonjezera pa fumbi lopangidwa ndi anthu ndi zida zamasewera, fumbi la pamwamba limakhala lalikulu. Malinga ndi deta yomwe yaperekedwa ndi mabuku, kupanga fumbi pamene munthu ali pamalo amodzi ndi tinthu 105/(min·person), ndipo kupanga fumbi pamene munthu akuyenda kumawerengedwa kasanu kuposa pamene munthu ali pamalo amodzi. Pazipinda zoyera zazitali, kupanga fumbi la pamwamba kumawerengedwa chifukwa kupanga fumbi la pamwamba la 8m2 la nthaka ndikofanana ndi kupanga fumbi la munthu ali pamalo opumulira. Pazipinda zazitali zoyera, katundu woyeretsa ndi waukulu m'dera lotsika la ntchito za anthu ndipo ndi wocheperapo m'dera lapamwamba. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha makhalidwe a polojekitiyi, ndikofunikira kutenga chinthu choyenera chachitetezo kuti chikhale chotetezeka ndikuganizira kuipitsa fumbi kosayembekezereka. Kupanga fumbi la pamwamba pa polojekitiyi kumadalira kupanga fumbi la pamwamba la 6m2 la nthaka, lomwe ndi lofanana ndi kupanga fumbi la munthu ali pamalo opumulira. Ntchitoyi imawerengedwa potengera anthu 20 omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi iliyonse, ndipo kupanga fumbi la antchito kumangopanga 20% ya fumbi lonse, pomwe kupanga fumbi la ogwira ntchito m'chipinda choyera kumangopanga pafupifupi 90% ya fumbi lonse.
2. Kukongoletsa chipinda choyera cha malo ochitira misonkhano ataliatali
Kukongoletsa chipinda choyera nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo pansi pa chipinda choyera, mapanelo a makoma, denga, ndi mpweya wothandiza, magetsi, chitetezo cha moto, madzi ndi ngalande ndi zina zokhudzana ndi zipinda zoyera. Malinga ndi zofunikira, envelopu ya nyumba ndi zokongoletsera zamkati mwa chipinda choyera ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kusintha pang'ono kutentha ndi chinyezi zikasintha. Kukongoletsa makoma ndi denga m'zipinda zoyera kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:
(1). Malo a makoma ndi denga m'zipinda zoyera ayenera kukhala athyathyathya, osalala, opanda fumbi, opanda kuwala, osavuta kuchotsa fumbi, komanso okhala ndi malo ochepa osafanana.
(2). Zipinda zoyera siziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makoma opangidwa ndi miyala ndi makoma opangidwa ndi pulasitala. Ngati pakufunika kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ntchito youma iyenera kuchitika ndipo miyezo yapamwamba yopangidwa ndi pulasitala iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukamaliza kuyika makoma, utoto uyenera kupakidwa utoto, ndipo utoto womwe sutentha moto, wopanda ming'alu, wosambitsidwa, wosalala, komanso wosavuta kuyamwa madzi, uyenera kuwonongeka, ndipo nkhungu iyenera kusankhidwa. Kawirikawiri, kukongoletsa chipinda choyera kumasankha makamaka mapanelo abwino achitsulo okhala ndi ufa ngati zinthu zokongoletsera mkati. Komabe, m'mafakitale akuluakulu, chifukwa cha kutalika kwa pansi, kuyika magawo achitsulo a khoma kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndi mphamvu zochepa, mtengo wokwera, komanso kulephera kunyamula kulemera. Pulojekitiyi inasanthula momwe zipinda zoyera zimakhalira m'mafakitale akuluakulu komanso zofunikira paukhondo wa chipinda. Njira zodzikongoletsera zamkati zachitsulo sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kupaka kwa epoxy kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakoma oyambilira a zomangamanga. Palibe denga lomwe linayikidwa m'malo onse kuti liwonjezere malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Kukonza kayendedwe ka mpweya m'zipinda zazitali zoyera
Malinga ndi mabuku, pa zipinda zazitali zoyera, kugwiritsa ntchito makina oziziritsira mpweya m'chipinda choyera kungachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umabwera m'chipindacho. Ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhazikitsa dongosolo loyenera la mpweya kuti mupeze mphamvu yabwino yoziziritsira mpweya. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya ndi mpweya wobwerera zikugwirizana, kuchepetsa vortex ndi kuzungulira kwa mpweya m'malo oyera ogwirira ntchito, ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe a mpweya wotuluka kuti mpweya utuluke mokwanira. Mu malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi okhala ndi zofunikira za ukhondo wa kalasi 10,000 kapena 100,000, lingaliro la kapangidwe ka malo ataliatali ndi akuluakulu kuti mpweya ukhale womasuka likhoza kutchulidwa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma nozzle m'malo akuluakulu monga ma eyapoti ndi malo owonetsera. Pogwiritsa ntchito ma nozzle ndi mpweya wotuluka m'mbali, mpweya ukhoza kufalikira patali. Mpweya wotuluka m'ma nozzle ndi njira yopezera mpweya podalira ma jet othamanga kwambiri omwe amatuluka m'ma nozzle. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo oziziritsira mpweya m'zipinda zazitali zoyera kapena m'nyumba za anthu onse okhala ndi malo okwera pansi. Mpweya wothira mpweya umagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotuluka m'mbali, ndipo mpweya wothira mpweya ndi mpweya wotuluka zimayikidwa mbali imodzi. Mpweya umatulutsidwa mozama kuchokera ku ma nozzles angapo omwe ali pamalopo pa liwiro lalikulu komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Mpweya wothira mpweya umabwerera pambuyo pa mtunda winawake, kotero kuti malo onse othira mpweya ali m'dera lothira mpweya, kenako mpweya wothira mpweya wotuluka pansi umauchotsa ku chipangizo chothira mpweya. Makhalidwe ake ndi liwiro lalikulu la mpweya komanso kutalika kwa mpweya. Mpweya wothira mpweya umayendetsa mpweya wamkati kuti usakanikirane mwamphamvu, liwiro limachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mpweya waukulu wozungulira umapangidwa m'nyumba, kotero kuti malo othira mpweya amapeza kutentha kofanana komanso liwiro lofanana.
4. Chitsanzo cha kapangidwe ka uinjiniya
Malo ogwirira ntchito oyeretsa (40 m kutalika, 30 m m'lifupi, 12 m kutalika) amafuna malo oyera ogwirira ntchito osakwana 5 m, okhala ndi mulingo woyeretsera wa static 10,000 ndi dynamic 100,000, kutentha tn = 22℃±3℃, ndi chinyezi fn = 30%~60%.
(1). Kudziwa momwe mpweya umayendera komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umalowa
Poganizira momwe chipinda choyerachi chilili chachitali, chomwe chili ndi mulifupi woposa mamita 30 ndipo chilibe denga, njira yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya woyeretsa wa nthawi zonse ndi yovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wothira mpweya yokhala ndi nozzle imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti iwonetsetse kutentha, chinyezi ndi ukhondo wa malo ogwirira ntchito oyera (osakwana mamita 5). Chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito mpweya chothira mpweya chothira mpweya chimayikidwa mofanana pakhoma la mbali, ndipo chipangizo chotulutsira mpweya chobwerera chokhala ndi wosanjikiza wonyowa chimayikidwa mofanana pamtunda wa mamita 0.25 kuchokera pansi pa khoma la mbali la workshop, ndikupanga mawonekedwe oyendetsera mpweya momwe malo ogwirira ntchito amabwerera kuchokera ku nozzle ndikubwerera kuchokera kumbali yokhazikika. Nthawi yomweyo, pofuna kupewa mpweya womwe uli pamalo osayera opitilira 5 m kuti usapange malo akufa pankhani ya ukhondo, kutentha ndi chinyezi, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kuzizira ndi kutentha kuchokera padenga lakunja pamalo ogwirira ntchito, ndikutulutsa fumbi lopangidwa ndi crane yapamwamba panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mpweya woyera womwe umafalikira mpaka mamita 5, mzere wa malo opumira mpweya wobwerera m'mbuyo umayikidwa pamalo osayera, ndikupanga makina ang'onoang'ono obweza mpweya, omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kwambiri kuipitsa kwa malo apamwamba osayera kupita kumalo otsika ogwirira ntchito oyera.
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ukhondo ndi kutulutsa mpweya woipa, pulojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi ya 16 h-1 pa malo oyera okhala ndi mpweya woziziritsa pansi pa 6 m, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito utsi woyenera wa malo apamwamba osayera, ndi pafupipafupi ya 4 h-1. Ndipotu, pafupipafupi yapakati ya mpweya wa chomera chonse ndi 10 h-1. Mwanjira imeneyi, poyerekeza ndi mpweya woyera wa chipinda chonse, njira yoyeretsera mpweya yokhala ndi zigawo zoyera sikuti imangotsimikizira pafupipafupi ya mpweya woziziritsa wa malo oyera okhala ndi mpweya woziziritsa komanso imakwaniritsa kayendetsedwe ka mpweya wa chomera chachikulu, komanso imasunga kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa dongosololi, mphamvu yozizira komanso mphamvu ya fan.
(2). Kuwerengera mpweya wotuluka m'mbali mwa nozzle
Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya woperekedwa
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira komwe kumafunika kuti mpweya wopumira m'chipinda choyera ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa mpweya wamba. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira m'chipinda choyera komanso kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wopumira sikungopulumutsa mphamvu ya zida ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wopumira m'chipinda choyera uli wolondola. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wopumira komwe kwawerengedwa mu projekitiyi ndi ts= 6℃.
Chipinda choyera chili ndi malo akuluakulu, okhala ndi m'lifupi mwa mamita 30. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti zofunikira pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito zili pamalo obwerera mpweya. Nthawi yomweyo, zofunikira za phokoso ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Liwiro la mpweya wa polojekitiyi ndi 5 m/s, kutalika kwa kuyika kwa nozzle ndi mamita 6, ndipo mpweya umatuluka kuchokera ku nozzle molunjika. Pulojekitiyi inawerengera mpweya wa nozzle. M'mimba mwake wa nozzle ndi 0.36m. Malinga ndi mabuku, nambala ya Archimedes imawerengedwa kuti ndi 0.0035. Liwiro la mpweya wa nozzle ndi 4.8m/s, liwiro la axial kumapeto ndi 0.8m/s, liwiro lapakati ndi 0.4m/s, ndipo liwiro lapakati la mpweya wobwerera ndi lochepera 0.4m/s, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito njira.
Popeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka ndi kwakukulu ndipo kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wotuluka ndi kochepa, ndikofanana ndi ndege ya isothermal, kotero kutalika kwa ndegeyo ndikosavuta kutsimikizira. Malinga ndi nambala ya Archimedean, mulingo woyerekeza x/ds = 37m ukhoza kuwerengedwa, womwe ungakwaniritse zofunikira za 15m kuphatikana kwa mpweya wotuluka mbali inayo.
(3). Chithandizo cha mpweya wozizira
Poganizira za kusiyana kwa mpweya wochuluka womwe umapezeka komanso kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wochepa womwe umapezeka m'chipinda choyera, mpweya wobwerera umagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, ndipo mpweya wobwerera woyamba umachotsedwa mu njira yochizira mpweya woziziritsa m'nyengo yachilimwe. Chiŵerengero chachikulu cha mpweya wobwerera kachiwiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo mpweya watsopano umakonzedwa kamodzi kokha kenako n’kusakanizidwa ndi mpweya wochuluka womwe umabwera kachiwiri, motero kuchotsa kutentha komwe kumabwereranso ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa zidazo.
(4). Zotsatira za muyeso wa uinjiniya
Pambuyo pa ntchito iyi, mayeso aukadaulo athunthu adachitika. Malo oyezera okwana 20 opingasa ndi oimirira adakhazikitsidwa mufakitale yonse. Malo othamanga, malo otenthetsera, ukhondo, phokoso, ndi zina zotero zafakitale yoyera zidayesedwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yosasunthika, ndipo zotsatira zenizeni zoyezera zinali zabwino. Zotsatira zoyezedwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito yopangidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi izi:
Liwiro lapakati la mpweya wotuluka pamalo otulutsira mpweya ndi 3.0 ~ 4.3m/s, ndipo liwiro la malo olumikizirana a mpweya awiri otsutsana ndi 0.3 ~ 0.45m/s. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka m'malo oyera ogwirira ntchito kumatsimikizika kuti ndi nthawi 15 pa ola limodzi, ndipo ukhondo wake umayesedwa kuti uli mkati mwa kalasi 10,000, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake bwino.
Phokoso la mkati mwa A-level ndi 56 dB pamalo otulutsira mpweya wobwerera, ndipo madera ena ogwirira ntchito onse ali pansi pa 54dB.
5. Mapeto
(1). Pa zipinda zazitali zoyera zomwe sizili ndi zofunikira kwambiri, zokongoletsera zosavuta zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito komanso zofunikira paukhondo.
(2). Pa zipinda zazitali zoyera zomwe zimangofunika ukhondo wa malo omwe ali pansi pa kutalika kwina kuti ukhale wa kalasi 10,000 kapena 100,000, njira yoperekera mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito ma nozzles oyera okhala ndi zigawo zoyera ndi njira yotsika mtengo, yothandiza komanso yothandiza.
(3). Pa zipinda zazitali zoyera zamtunduwu, mzere wa malo opumulira mpweya wobwerera umayikidwa pamalo apamwamba ogwirira ntchito osayera kuti achotse fumbi lopangidwa pafupi ndi njanji za crane ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya kuzizira ndi kutentha kuchokera padenga pamalo ogwirira ntchito, zomwe zingatsimikizire bwino ukhondo, kutentha ndi chinyezi cha malo ogwirira ntchito.
(4). Kutalika kwa chipinda chachitali choyera ndi koposa kanayi kuposa chipinda choyera. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yachibadwa yopanga fumbi, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti katundu woyeretsa malo a unit ndi wochepa kwambiri kuposa wa chipinda choyera chotsika. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira kumatha kudziwika kuti ndi kotsika kuposa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira wa chipinda choyera chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa ndi muyezo wadziko lonse GB 73-84. Kafukufuku ndi kusanthula zikuwonetsa kuti m'zipinda zazitali zoyera, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira kumasiyana chifukwa cha kutalika kosiyana kwa malo oyera. Kawirikawiri, 30% ~ 80% ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira komwe kumalimbikitsidwa ndi muyezo wadziko lonse kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zoyeretsa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-18-2025