Panthawi yoyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku, zidapezeka kuti kumangidwa kwa chipinda choyera m'mabizinesi ena sikunali kokwanira. Kutengera ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika popanga ndi kuyang'anira opanga zida zambiri zachipatala, zofunika zotsatirazi pakumanga zipinda zoyera zikuperekedwa, makamaka kwa makampani opanga zida zamankhwala.
1. Zofuna kusankha malo
(1). Posankha malo a fakitale, muyenera kuganizira kuti chilengedwe ndi malo aukhondo ozungulira malowa ndi abwino, palibe magwero a mpweya kapena madzi, ndipo ayenera kukhala kutali ndi misewu ikuluikulu yamagalimoto, mabwalo onyamula katundu, ndi zina zotero.
(2). Zofunikira zachilengedwe za malo a fakitale: Pansi ndi misewu m'dera la fakitale ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zopanda fumbi. Ndikoyenera kuchepetsa malo omwe ali ndi dothi lowonekera pogwiritsa ntchito kubiriwira kapena njira zina kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse fumbi. Zinyalala, zinthu zopanda ntchito, ndi zina zotere zisasungidwe poyera. Mwachidule, chilengedwe cha fakitale sichiyenera kuwononga kupanga zipangizo zachipatala zosabala.
(3). Makonzedwe onse a fakitale ayenera kukhala omveka: sayenera kukhala ndi vuto lililonse pakupanga zipangizo zachipatala zosabala, makamaka malo oyera.
2. Zofunikira zoyeretsa zipinda (malo).
Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa pakukonza zipinda zaukhondo.
(1). Konzani molingana ndi kayendedwe ka kupanga. Njirayi iyenera kukhala yayifupi momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kuyanjana pakati pa anthu ndi nyama, ndikuwonetsetsa kuyenda koyenera kwa anthu ndi mayendedwe. Iyenera kukhala ndi chipinda chaukhondo cha ogwira ntchito (chipinda chosungiramo malaya, chimbudzi, zovala zoyera zobvala chipinda ndi chipinda chosungiramo zinthu), chipinda choyera (chipinda chogulitsira, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu ndi bokosi lachiphaso). Kuphatikiza pa zipinda zomwe zimafunidwa ndi njira zopangira mankhwala, ziyeneranso kukhala ndi Zipinda zosungiramo zinthu zaukhondo, chipinda chochapira zovala, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zosakhalitsa, chipinda chogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Dera la chipinda choyera liyenera kukhala logwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga ndikuwonetsetsa zofunikira zofunika.
(2). Malingana ndi msinkhu waukhondo wa mpweya, ukhoza kulembedwa molingana ndi kayendetsedwe ka ogwira ntchito, kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba; msonkhanowo umachokera mkati kupita kunja, kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi.
3. Palibe kuipitsidwa m'chipinda chimodzi choyera (malo) kapena pakati pa zipinda zoyera.
① Njira zopangira ndi zopangira sizikhudza mtundu wazinthu;
② Pali zotsekera ndege kapena njira zotsutsana ndi kuipitsidwa pakati pa zipinda zoyera (malo) amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo zida zimasamutsidwa kudzera pabokosi lodutsa.
4. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino m'chipinda chaukhondo kuyenera kutengera mtengo wotsatirawu: Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino wofunikira kuti ulipirire kuchuluka kwa utsi wamkati ndikukhalabe ndi mphamvu yamkati; Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino pamene palibe amene ali m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 40 m3 / h.
5. Malo amalikulu a chipinda choyera sayenera kukhala osachepera 4 masikweya mita (kupatula makonde, zida ndi zinthu zina) kuti atsimikizire malo ogwirira ntchito otetezeka.
6. Ma reagents ozindikira matenda a in vitro ayenera kutsatira zofunikira za "Malamulo Othandizira Kupanga kwa In Vitro Diagnostic Reagents (Trial)". Pakati pawo, ntchito zopangira ma seramu oyipa komanso abwino, ma plasmids kapena zinthu zamagazi ziyenera kuchitika m'malo osachepera kalasi 10000, kusunga kupanikizika koyipa ndi madera oyandikana nawo kapena kutsatira zofunikira zachitetezo.
7. Mayendedwe a mpweya wobwerera, mpweya woperekera mpweya ndi madzi ayenera kulembedwa.
8. Zofunikira za kutentha ndi chinyezi
(1). N'zogwirizana ndi kupanga ndondomeko zofunika.
(2). Ngati palibe zofunikira zapadera pakupanga, kutentha kwa chipinda choyera (malo) chokhala ndi ukhondo wa mpweya wa kalasi 100000 kapena 10000 kudzakhala 20 ℃ ~ 24 ℃, ndi chinyezi chachibale 45% ~ 65%; mulingo waukhondo wa mpweya uyenera kukhala kalasi 100000 kapena 300000. Kutentha kwa chipinda choyera cha 10,000 (malo) kuyenera kukhala 18 ° C mpaka 26 ° C, ndipo chinyezi chiyenera kukhala 45% mpaka 65%. Ngati pali zofunikira zapadera, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi ndondomekoyi.
(3). Kutentha kwa chipinda chaukhondo cha ogwira ntchito kuyenera kukhala 16 ° C ~ 20 ° C m'nyengo yozizira ndi 26 ° C ~ 30 ° C m'chilimwe.
(4). Zida zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri
Anemometer, fumbi particle counter, kutentha ndi chinyezi mita, kusiyana kuthamanga mita, etc.
(5). Zofunikira pazipinda zoyezera zosabala
Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi chipinda choyezera kusabereka (chosiyana ndi malo opangira) chokhala ndi makina odziyimira pawokha oyeretsera mpweya, omwe amafunikira kukhala kalasi yakumalo 100 pansi pamikhalidwe ya kalasi 10000. Chipinda choyezera kusabereka chiyenera kukhala ndi izi: chipinda choyera cha anthu ogwira ntchito (chipinda chosungiramo malaya, bafa, zovala zaukhondo zobvala chipinda ndi chipinda chosungiramo zinthu), chipinda choyera (chipinda chosungiramo zinthu kapena bokosi lachiphaso), chipinda choyendera, ndi chipinda chowongolera.
(6). Malipoti oyezetsa zachilengedwe kuchokera ku mabungwe oyesa a chipani chachitatu
Perekani lipoti loyesa zachilengedwe kuchokera ku bungwe loyezetsa lachitatu mkati mwa chaka chimodzi. Lipoti loyesa liyenera kutsagana ndi pulani yapansi yosonyeza malo a chipinda chilichonse.
① Pakali pano pali zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyesera: kutentha, chinyezi, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa fumbi, ndi mabakiteriya a sedimentation.
② Magawo omwe adayesedwa ndi awa: Msonkhano wopanga: chipinda choyera cha ogwira ntchito; zinthu zoyera chipinda; malo osungira; zipinda zofunika pakupanga mankhwala; malo ogwirira ntchito zida zoyeretsera chipinda, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zaukhondo, chipinda chochapira, chipinda chosungirako zosakhalitsa, ndi zina.
(7). Catalogue ya zida zachipatala zomwe zimafunikira zipinda zoyera. Zipangizo zachipatala zosabala kapena zida za fakitale zokhala ndi paketi imodzi zomwe zimayikidwa ndikuyikidwa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo zimafunikira kukonzedwa kotsatira (monga kudzaza ndi kusindikiza, ndi zina zotero) m'dera lapafupi la 100 loyera pansi pa kalasi 10000. Kukonzekera kwa zigawo, kuyeretsa komaliza, kusonkhanitsa, kuyikapo koyamba ndi kusindikiza ndi malo ena opanga ziyenera kukhala ndi ukhondo wosachepera kalasi 10000.
Chitsanzo
① Kuyika kwa mitsempha ya magazi: monga mitsempha ya mitsempha, ma valve a mtima, mitsempha ya magazi, ndi zina zotero.
② Mitsempha yolowera m'mitsempha: ma catheter osiyanasiyana a intravascular, etc. monga catheter yapakati ya venous, stent delivery systems, etc.
③ Kukonza, kuyeretsa komaliza ndi kusonkhanitsa zida zachipatala zosabala kapena zida zapafakitale zokhala ndi paketi imodzi zomwe zimayikidwa mu minofu yamunthu ndikulumikizidwa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ndi magazi, m'mafupa a m'mafupa kapena orifice osakhala achilengedwe (popanda kuyeretsa). Kuyika koyambirira ndi kusindikiza ndi malo ena opangira kuyenera kukhala ndi ukhondo wosachepera kalasi 100000.
④ Zipangizo zomwe zimayikidwa mu minofu yaumunthu: pacemakers, subcutaneous implantable subcutaneous zoperekera mankhwala, mawere ochita kupanga, ndi zina zotero.
⑤ Kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi magazi: olekanitsa plasma, fyuluta ya magazi, magolovesi opangira opaleshoni, ndi zina zotero.
⑥ Zipangizo zomwe sizikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi magazi: ma seti olowetsedwa, ma seti oyika magazi, singano zam'mitsempha, machubu osonkhanitsira magazi, ndi zina zambiri.
⑦ Zipangizo zolumikizana ndi mafupa: zida za intraosseous, mafupa opangira, ndi zina.
⑧ Kukonza, kuyeretsa komaliza, kusonkhanitsa, kuyika koyambirira ndi kusindikiza zida zachipatala zosabala kapena zida zapafakitale imodzi (zosatsukidwa) zomwe zimakumana ndi malo owonongeka ndi mucous nembanemba amthupi la munthu ziyenera kuchitika mchipinda choyera. osachepera kalasi 300000 (dera).
Chitsanzo
① Kukhudzana ndi malo ovulala: kuwotcha kapena kuvala mabala, thonje loyamwa mankhwala, yopyapyala yopyapyala, zinthu zotayidwa zosabala monga zoyala, mikanjo ya opaleshoni, masks azachipatala, ndi zina zambiri.
② Kukhudzana ndi mucous nembanemba: wosabala mkodzo catheter, tracheal intubation, intrauterine chipangizo, lubricant anthu, etc.
③ Pazida zopangira zoyambira zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi zida zachipatala zosabala ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kuyeretsa, ukhondo wa malo opangirako uyenera kukhazikitsidwa motsatira mfundo zomwezo monga ukhondo wa malo opanga zinthu kuti zitsimikizire. kuti mtundu wa zida zoyambirira zopangira ma CD ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pazida zamankhwala zopakidwa, ngati zoyambira zoyambira sizikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi chipangizo chachipatala chosabala, ziyenera kupangidwa mkati. chipinda choyera (malo) chokhala ndi malo osachepera kalasi 300000.
Chitsanzo
① Kulumikizana kwachindunji: monga zida zoyambira zopangira zida, mabere opangira, ma catheters, ndi zina zambiri.
② Palibe kukhudzana mwachindunji: monga zoyambira zonyamula katundu wa seti kulowetsedwa, seti magazi, syringe, etc.
③ Zipangizo zachipatala zosabala (kuphatikiza zida zamankhwala) zomwe zimafunidwa kapena kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira ma aseptic ziyenera kupangidwa m'magulu am'deralo 100 (malo) pansi pa kalasi 10000.
Chitsanzo
① Monga kudzazidwa kwa ma anticoagulants ndi njira zokonzetsera pakupanga matumba amagazi, komanso kukonzekera kwa aseptic ndikudzaza zinthu zamadzimadzi.
② Kanikizani ndikugwira stent ya mitsempha ndikuyika mankhwala.
Ndemanga:
① Zipangizo zachipatala zosabala zimaphatikizanso zida zachipatala zomwe zilibe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kuchitapo kanthu kudzera mu njira yolera yotseketsa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma aseptic. Ukadaulo wopanga womwe umachepetsa kuipitsidwa uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zachipatala zosabala kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zachipatala sizikuipitsidwa kapena zitha kuthetsa kuipitsidwa.
② Kusabereka: M'mene chinthu chimakhala chopanda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
③ Kutsekereza: Njira yovomerezeka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mankhwala opanda mtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
④ Kukonzekera kwa Aseptic: Kukonzekera kwa Aseptic kwazinthu ndi kudzaza kwamafuta m'malo olamulidwa. Mpweya wa chilengedwe, zipangizo, zipangizo ndi ogwira ntchito zimayendetsedwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zida zachipatala zosabala: zimatanthawuza zida zilizonse zachipatala zolembedwa kuti "zosabala".
⑤ Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi chipinda chosungiramo ukhondo, chipinda chochapira zovala, chipinda chosungirako kanthawi kochepa, chipinda choyeretsera zida zogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zotero.
Zopangidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yoyeretsedwa zimatengera zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kulera kapena kutsekereza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito komaliza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-30-2024