Pa nthawi yoyang'anira tsiku ndi tsiku, zinapezeka kuti kumanga chipinda choyera m'mabizinesi ena sikuli koyenera. Kutengera mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe amabuka pakupanga ndi kuyang'anira opanga zida zamankhwala ambiri, zofunikira zotsatirazi pakumanga chipinda choyera zimaperekedwa, makamaka kwa makampani opanga zida zamankhwala zoyera.
1. Zofunikira posankha malo
(1). Mukasankha malo opangira fakitale, muyenera kuganizira kuti chilengedwe ndi ukhondo kuzungulira malowo ndi zabwino, palibe magwero a kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya kapena madzi, ndipo ziyenera kukhala kutali ndi misewu ikuluikulu yamagalimoto, malo osungira katundu, ndi zina zotero.
(2). Zofunikira pa chilengedwe cha malo a fakitale: Nthaka ndi misewu m'dera la fakitale ziyenera kukhala zosalala komanso zopanda fumbi. Ndikoyenera kuchepetsa malo a dothi lotseguka kudzera mu kubiriwira kapena njira zina kapena kutenga njira zowongolera fumbi. Zinyalala, zinthu zopanda ntchito, ndi zina zotero siziyenera kusungidwa poyera. Mwachidule, chilengedwe cha fakitale sichiyenera kuyambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa zipangizo zachipatala zosayera.
(3). Kapangidwe ka malo onse a fakitale kayenera kukhala koyenera: kuyenera kuti kusakhale ndi vuto lililonse pa malo opangira zida zachipatala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka malo oyera.
2. Zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera (malo)
Zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa bwino popanga chipinda choyera.
(1). Konzani motsatira njira yopangira. Njirayi iyenera kukhala yaifupi momwe mungathere kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi nyama, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anthu ndi zinthu zikuyenda bwino. Iyenera kukhala ndi chipinda choyera cha antchito (chipinda chosungiramo zinthu, bafa, chipinda choyera zovala ndi chipinda chosungiramo zinthu), chipinda choyera (chipinda chogulitsira zinthu kunja, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu ndi bokosi lotumizira). Kuwonjezera pa zipinda zomwe zimafunikira ndi njira zogulitsira, iyeneranso kukhala ndi chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zaukhondo, chipinda chochapira zovala, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu kwakanthawi, chipinda choyeretsera zida zogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Chipinda chilichonse sichidalira china chilichonse. Malo a chipinda choyera ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi kukula kwa ntchito pamene akutsimikizira zofunikira zoyambira.
(2). Malinga ndi mulingo wa kuyeretsa mpweya, ikhoza kulembedwa motsatira njira ya anthu ogwira ntchito, kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba; malo ogwirira ntchito ndi kuyambira mkati mpaka kunja, kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi.
3. Palibe kuipitsidwa kulikonse komwe kumachitika m'chipinda choyera chimodzi (malo) kapena pakati pa zipinda zoyera zapafupi.
① Njira yopangira ndi zipangizo zopangira sizidzakhudza ubwino wa chinthucho;
② Pali njira zotsekera mpweya kapena njira zopewera kuipitsa mpweya pakati pa zipinda zoyera (malo) osiyanasiyana, ndipo zipangizo zimasamutsidwa kudzera mu bokosi lolowera.
4. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kukhala ndi izi: Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino wofunikira kuti uchotse utsi wa m'nyumba ndikusunga mphamvu yabwino m'nyumba; Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino pamene palibe munthu m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kukhala kochepera 40 m3/h.
5. Malo okwana likulu la chipinda choyera ayenera kukhala osachepera 4 masikweya mita (kupatula makonde, zida ndi zinthu zina) kuti malo ogwirira ntchito akhale otetezeka.
6. Ma reagents ozindikira matenda a m'thupi ayenera kutsatira zofunikira za "Malamulo Oyendetsera Kupanga Ma Reagents Ozindikira Matenda a M'thupi (Mayeso)". Pakati pawo, ntchito zokonza seramu yoyipa ndi yabwino, ma plasmid kapena zinthu zamagazi ziyenera kuchitika pamalo osachepera kalasi 10000, kusunga kuthamanga kwa magazi komwe kuli pafupi kapena kutsatira zofunikira zodzitetezera.
7. Njira yolowera mpweya wobwerera, mpweya wopereka ndi mapaipi amadzi iyenera kulembedwa.
8. Zofunikira pa kutentha ndi chinyezi
(1). Imagwirizana ndi zofunikira pakupanga.
(2). Ngati palibe zofunikira zapadera pa ntchito yopangira, kutentha kwa chipinda choyera (dera) chokhala ndi mulingo woyeretsa mpweya wa kalasi 100000 kapena 10000 kuyenera kukhala 20℃ ~ 24℃, ndipo chinyezi chiyenera kukhala 45% ~ 65%; mulingo woyeretsa mpweya uyenera kukhala kalasi 100000 kapena 300000. Kutentha kwa chipinda choyera cha kalasi 10,000 (dera) kuyenera kukhala 18°C mpaka 26°C, ndipo chinyezi chiyenera kukhala 45% mpaka 65%. Ngati pali zofunikira zapadera, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zofunikira za njira.
(3). Kutentha kwa chipinda choyera cha antchito kuyenera kukhala 16°C ~ 20°C nthawi yozizira ndipo 26°C ~ 30°C nthawi yachilimwe.
(4). Zipangizo zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
Chiyerekezo cha Anemometer, chowerengera fumbi, choyezera kutentha ndi chinyezi, choyezera kuthamanga kwa mpweya wosiyana, ndi zina zotero.
(5). Zofunikira pa zipinda zoyesera zoyeretsera
Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi chipinda choyesera kuyera (chosiyana ndi malo opangira zinthu) chokhala ndi makina oyeretsera mpweya wodziyimira pawokha, omwe amafunika kukhala kalasi 100 yapafupi ndi mikhalidwe ya kalasi 10000. Chipinda choyesera kuyera ...
(6). Malipoti oyesa zachilengedwe ochokera ku mabungwe ena oyesa zachilengedwe
Perekani lipoti loyesa zachilengedwe kuchokera ku bungwe loyesa lachitatu loyenerera mkati mwa chaka chimodzi. Lipotilo liyenera kutsagana ndi pulani ya pansi yomwe ikuwonetsa malo a chipinda chilichonse.
① Pakadali pano pali zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyesera: kutentha, chinyezi, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosintha, kuchuluka kwa fumbi, ndi mabakiteriya oyambitsa matope.
② Zigawo zomwe zayesedwa ndi izi: Malo ochitira zinthu: chipinda choyera cha ogwira ntchito; chipinda choyera zinthu; malo osungiramo zinthu; zipinda zofunika pa ntchito yokonza zinthu; chipinda choyeretsera zida zogwirira ntchito, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zaukhondo, chipinda chochapira zovala, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu kwakanthawi, ndi zina zotero. Chipinda choyesera kusabala.
(7). Katalogu ya zida zamankhwala zomwe zimafuna kupanga chipinda choyera. Zipangizo zachipatala zosayera kapena zowonjezera za fakitale imodzi zomwe zimayikidwa ndikuyikidwa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndipo zimafunika kukonzedwa pambuyo pake (monga kudzaza ndi kutseka, ndi zina zotero) m'dera loyera la kalasi 100 pansi pa kalasi 10000. Kukonza zigawo, kuyeretsa komaliza, kusonkhanitsa, kuyika ndi kutseka koyambirira ndi malo ena opangira ziyenera kukhala ndi mulingo waukhondo wosachepera kalasi 10000.
Chitsanzo
① Kuyika mitsempha yamagazi: monga ma stent a mitsempha yamagazi, ma valve amtima, mitsempha yamagazi yopangidwa, ndi zina zotero.
② Mitsempha yamagazi yolowerera: ma catheter osiyanasiyana amkati mwa mitsempha, ndi zina zotero. Monga ma catheter apakati a mitsempha, njira zoperekera stent, ndi zina zotero.
③ Kukonza, kuyeretsa komaliza ndi kusonkhanitsa zipangizo zachipatala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zowonjezera za fakitale imodzi zomwe zimayikidwa m'thupi la munthu ndipo zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina ku magazi, m'mimba mwa mafupa kapena m'malo obisika (popanda kuyeretsa). Malo oyambira opakira ndi kutseka ndi malo ena opangira ayenera kukhala ndi mulingo waukhondo wosachepera kalasi 100000.
④ Zipangizo zomwe zimayikidwa m'thupi la munthu: makina oletsa kupweteka kwa mtima, zida zoperekera mankhwala zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa khungu, mabere opangidwa, ndi zina zotero.
⑤ Kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi magazi: cholekanitsa plasma, fyuluta ya magazi, magolovesi ochitira opaleshoni, ndi zina zotero.
⑥ Zipangizo zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi magazi mwachindunji: ma seti a infusion, ma seti a magazi, singano zolowetsedwa m'mitsempha, machubu osonkhanitsira magazi otayidwa m'malo otayira magazi, ndi zina zotero.
⑦ Zipangizo zolumikizira mafupa: zipangizo zolowetsa mafupa m'thupi, mafupa opangidwa, ndi zina zotero.
⑧ Kukonza, kuyeretsa komaliza, kusonkhanitsa, kuyika ndi kutseka zida zachipatala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi fakitale imodzi (zosayeretsedwa) zomwe zimakumana ndi malo owonongeka ndi nembanemba ya mucous ya thupi la munthu ziyenera kuchitika m'chipinda choyera cha osachepera kalasi 300000 (dera).
Chitsanzo
① Kukhudza malo ovulala: zophimba zoyaka kapena zophimba mabala, thonje loyamwa mankhwala, gauze loyamwa mankhwala, zinthu zotayidwa zoyera monga ma pedi ochitira opaleshoni, malaya ochitira opaleshoni, zigoba zachipatala, ndi zina zotero.
② Kukhudzana ndi nembanemba ya mucous: katheta yoyera ya mkodzo, njira yopumira m'mimba, chipangizo chamkati mwa chiberekero, mafuta odzola a anthu, ndi zina zotero.
③ Pa zipangizo zoyambira zopakira zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi pamwamba pa zipangizo zachipatala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kuyeretsa, mulingo wa ukhondo wa malo opangira zinthu uyenera kukhazikitsidwa motsatira mfundo zomwezo monga mulingo wa ukhondo wa malo opangira zinthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti ubwino wa zipangizo zoyambira zopakira ukugwirizana ndi zofunikira pa zipangizo zachipatala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati zipangizo zoyamba zopakira sizikhudza mwachindunji pamwamba pa chipangizo chachipatala chosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ziyenera kupangidwa m'chipinda choyera (malo) chokhala ndi malo osachepera kalasi 300000.
Chitsanzo
① Kukhudzana mwachindunji: monga zinthu zoyambira zopakira zogwiritsira ntchito, mabere opangidwa, ma catheter, ndi zina zotero.
② Palibe kukhudzana mwachindunji: monga zinthu zoyambira zopakira ma seti a infusion, ma seti a magazi, ma syringe, ndi zina zotero.
Zipangizo zachipatala zosayera (kuphatikizapo zipangizo zachipatala) zomwe zimafunika kapena kukonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ziyenera kupangidwa m'zipinda zoyera za kalasi 100 (malo) zapafupi ndi kalasi 10000.
Chitsanzo
① Monga kudzaza mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana ndi njira zosamalira popanga matumba a magazi, komanso kukonzekera ndi kudzaza zinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe sizimayambitsa matenda.
② Kanikizani ndi kugwira stent ya mitsempha yamagazi kenako pakani mankhwala.
Ndemanga:
① Zipangizo zachipatala zosayera zimaphatikizapo zipangizo zachipatala zomwe zilibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera mu njira zoyeretsera kapena njira zopangira aseptic. Ukadaulo wopanga womwe umachepetsa kuipitsidwa uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipangizo zachipatala zosayera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipangizo zachipatala sizili ndi kachilombo kapena zingathe kuchotsa kuipitsidwa bwino.
② Kusabereka: Mkhalidwe umene chinthu chilibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
③ Kuyeretsa: Njira yovomerezeka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chinthucho kuti chisakhale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timagwira ntchito.
④ Kukonza zinthu zopanda mabakiteriya: Kukonzekera zinthu zopanda mabakiteriya ndi kudzaza zinthu zopanda mabakiteriya m'malo olamulidwa. Mpweya, zipangizo, ndi antchito m'malo ozungulira zimayendetsedwa kuti kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kulamuliridwe kufika pamlingo woyenera.
Zipangizo zachipatala zosayera: zikutanthauza zida zilizonse zachipatala zolembedwa kuti "zosayera".
⑤ Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zaukhondo, chipinda chochapira zovala, chipinda chosungiramo zinthu kwakanthawi, chipinda choyeretsera zida zogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zotero.
Zinthu zopangidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyeretsedwa zimatanthauza zinthu zomwe zimafuna kuyera kapena kuyeretsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito komaliza.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-30-2024