Chipinda choyera ndi mtundu wapadera wowongolera zachilengedwe womwe ungayang'anire zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, chinyezi, kutentha ndi magetsi osasinthasintha mumlengalenga kuti akwaniritse miyezo yeniyeni ya ukhondo. Chipinda choyera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale apamwamba monga ma semiconductors, zamagetsi, mankhwala, ndege, ndege, ndi biomedicine.
1. Kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera
Zipinda zoyera zimaphatikizapo zipinda zoyera zamafakitale ndi zipinda zoyera zachilengedwe. Zipinda zoyera zimapangidwa ndi machitidwe oyera a zipinda, machitidwe oyera a zipinda, ndi machitidwe ena ogawa.
Mulingo wa ukhondo wa mpweya
Muyezo wogawa malire apamwamba kwambiri a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili pamwamba kapena tofanana ndi kukula kwa tinthu tomwe timaganiziridwa pa unit voliyumu ya mpweya m'malo oyera. M'nyumba, zipinda zoyera zimayesedwa ndikuvomerezedwa m'malo opanda kanthu, osasinthasintha, komanso osinthasintha, motsatira "Zofotokozera Za Kapangidwe ka Chipinda Choyera" ndi "Zofotokozera Za Kapangidwe ka Chipinda Choyera ndi Kuvomerezeka".
Miyezo yayikulu ya ukhondo
Kukhazikika kosalekeza kwa ukhondo ndi kuwongolera kuipitsa ndiye muyezo waukulu woyesera ubwino wa chipinda choyera. Muyezowu umagawidwa m'magawo angapo malinga ndi zinthu monga chilengedwe cha m'madera ndi ukhondo. Miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi miyezo yamakampani am'madera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa. Miyezo ya chilengedwe ya zipinda zoyera (madera) imagawidwa m'magulu 100, 1,000, 10,000, ndi 100,000.
2. Chipinda choyera
Chipinda choyera cha kalasi 100
Malo opanda fumbi lokhalo lokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mumlengalenga. Zipangizo zamkati ndi zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo antchito amavala zovala zoyera zaukadaulo kuti azigwira ntchito.
Muyezo wa ukhondo: Chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 0.5µm pa kiyubiki mita imodzi ya mpweya sichiyenera kupitirira 100, ndipo chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 0.1µm sichiyenera kupitirira 1000. Amanenanso kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha tinthu ta fumbi tomwe timaloledwa pa kiyubiki mita imodzi (≥0.5μm) ndi 3500, pomwe tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ≥5μm tikufunika kukhala 0.
Kukula kwa ntchito: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zinthu zomwe zimafunikira ukhondo wambiri, monga ma circuits akuluakulu ophatikizika, zida zowunikira zolondola kwambiri, ndi njira zina zopangira. Magawo awa ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zimapangidwa pamalo opanda fumbi kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tisakhudze ubwino wa zinthu.
Chipinda choyera cha kalasi 1,000
Poyerekeza ndi chipinda choyera cha kalasi 100, chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono mumlengalenga chawonjezeka, koma chikadali pamlingo wotsika. Kapangidwe ka mkati ndi koyenera ndipo zida zimayikidwa mwadongosolo.
Muyezo wa ukhondo: Chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 0.5µm mu mtunda uliwonse wa kyubiki mita m'chipinda choyera cha kalasi 1000 sichiyenera kupitirira 1000, ndipo chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 0.1µm sichiyenera kupitirira 10,000. Muyezo wa chipinda choyera cha kalasi 10,000 ndi wakuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha tinthu ta fumbi tomwe timaloledwa pa mita imodzi ya kyubiki (≥0.5μm) ndi 350,000, ndipo chiwerengero chachikulu cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi ≥5μm ndi 2,000.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: Kumagwira ntchito pa njira zina zomwe zimafuna kuyeretsa mpweya kwambiri, monga njira yopangira magalasi owonera ndi zida zazing'ono zamagetsi. Ngakhale kuti zofunikira za ukhondo m'magawo awa sizokwera kwambiri ngati zomwe zili m'zipinda zoyera za kalasi 100, ukhondo wa mpweya winawake uyenera kusungidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zili bwino.
Zipinda zoyera za kalasi 10,000
Chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono mumlengalenga chikuwonjezeka kwambiri, koma chikhozabe kukwaniritsa zosowa za njira zina zokhala ndi zofunikira paukhondo wapakati. Malo amkati ndi aukhondo komanso aukhondo, okhala ndi magetsi oyenera komanso zipangizo zopumira mpweya.
Muyezo wa ukhondo: Chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 0.5µm mu mtunda uliwonse wa kyubiki foot sichiyenera kupitirira tinthu ta 10,000, ndipo chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi mainchesi opitirira 0.1µm sichiyenera kupitirira tinthu ta 100,000. Amanenanso kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha tinthu ta fumbi chololedwa pa mita imodzi ya kyubiki (≥0.5μm) ndi 3,500,000, ndipo chiwerengero chachikulu cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi ≥5μm ndi 60,000.
Gawo Logwiritsidwa Ntchito: Limagwira ntchito pa njira zina zomwe zimafuna kuyeretsa mpweya pang'ono, monga njira zopangira mankhwala ndi chakudya. Magawo awa amafunika kukhala ndi tizilombo tochepa komanso mpweya wokwanira kuti zinthuzo zikhale zaukhondo, zotetezeka komanso zokhazikika.
Kalasi 100,000 chipinda choyera
Chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono mumlengalenga ndi chachikulu, koma chikhoza kulamulidwa mkati mwa mlingo woyenera. Pakhoza kukhala zida zina zothandizira m'chipindamo kuti mpweya ukhale woyera, monga zotsukira mpweya, zosonkhanitsa fumbi, ndi zina zotero.
Muyezo wa ukhondo: Chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 0.5µm mu mtunda uliwonse wa kyubiki foot sichiyenera kupitirira tinthu ta 100,000, ndipo chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi mainchesi opitirira 0.1µm sichiyenera kupitirira tinthu ta 1,000,000. Amanenanso kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha tinthu ta fumbi tomwe timaloledwa pa mita imodzi ya kyubiki (≥0.5μm) ndi 10,500,000, ndipo chiwerengero chachikulu cha tinthu ta fumbi tokhala ndi ≥5μm ndi 60,000.
Kuchuluka kwa ntchito: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira zina zomwe zili ndi zofunikira zochepa zoyeretsera mpweya, monga zodzoladzola, njira zina zopangira chakudya, ndi zina zotero. Magawo awa ali ndi zofunikira zochepa zoyeretsera mpweya, koma amafunikabe kukhala ndi ukhondo wokwanira kuti apewe kukhudzidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono pa zinthu.
3. Kukula kwa msika wa uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera ku China
Pakadali pano, pali makampani ochepa mumakampani opanga zipinda zoyera ku China omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso ali ndi mphamvu komanso chidziwitso chochita mapulojekiti akuluakulu, ndipo pali makampani ambiri ang'onoang'ono. Makampani ang'onoang'ono alibe mphamvu zochitira mabizinesi apadziko lonse lapansi komanso mapulojekiti akuluakulu oyeretsa zipinda zapamwamba. Pakadali pano makampaniwa ali ndi mpikisano wokhala ndi chidwi chachikulu pamsika waukadaulo wa zipinda zoyera zapamwamba komanso msika waukadaulo wa zipinda zoyera zochepa.
Zipinda zoyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo mafakitale osiyanasiyana ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakupanga zipinda zoyera. Kumanga zipinda zoyera kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mafakitale ndi njira zina zopangira za mwiniwake. Chifukwa chake, m'mapulojekiti auinjiniya zipinda zoyera, makampani okha omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba, mphamvu zamphamvu, magwiridwe antchito odabwitsa komanso chithunzi chabwino ndi omwe amatha kuchita mapulojekiti akuluakulu m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Kuyambira m'ma 1990, chifukwa cha kukula kosalekeza kwa msika, makampani onse oyeretsa zipinda akhala akukhwima pang'onopang'ono, ukadaulo wamakampani opanga zipinda zoyera wakhazikika, ndipo msika walowa munthawi yokhwima. Kukula kwa makampani opanga zipinda zoyera kumadalira chitukuko cha makampani opanga zamagetsi, opanga mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena. Ndi kusamutsa mafakitale azidziwitso zamagetsi, kufunikira kwa zipinda zoyera m'maiko otukuka ku Europe ndi United States kudzachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo msika wawo wamakampani opanga zipinda zoyera udzasintha kuchoka pakukula kupita ku kuchepa.
Pamene mafakitale akuchulukirachulukira, chitukuko cha makampani opanga zamagetsi chasamuka kuchoka kumayiko otukuka ku Europe ndi United States kupita ku Asia ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene; nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kusintha kwachuma kwa mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, zofunikira pa thanzi lachipatala komanso chitetezo cha chakudya zawonjezeka, ndipo msika wapadziko lonse wa uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera wapitilizanso kupita ku Asia. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mafakitale a semiconductor a IC, optoelectronics, ndi photovoltaic m'makampani opanga zamagetsi apanga gulu lalikulu la mafakitale ku Asia, makamaka ku China.
Motsogozedwa ndi zamagetsi, mankhwala, chithandizo chamankhwala, chakudya ndi mafakitale ena, gawo la msika wa uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera ku China pamsika wapadziko lonse lawonjezeka kuchoka pa 19.2% mu 2010 kufika pa 29.3% mu 2018. Pakadali pano, msika wa uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera ku China ukukula mofulumira. Mu 2017, kukula kwa msika wa zipinda zoyera ku China kunapitirira 100 biliyoni yuan kwa nthawi yoyamba; mu 2019, kukula kwa msika wa zipinda zoyera ku China kunafika pa 165.51 biliyoni yuan. Kukula kwa msika wa uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera ku dziko langa kwawonetsa kuwonjezeka kolunjika chaka ndi chaka, komwe kumayenderana ndi dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo gawo lonse la msika padziko lonse lapansi lawonetsa kuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, zomwe zikugwirizananso ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zonse za dziko la China chaka ndi chaka.
"Chidule cha Ndondomeko ya Zaka 14 ya Chitukuko cha Zachuma ndi Chikhalidwe cha Dziko la China ndi Zolinga Zanthawi Yaitali za 2035" chikuyang'ana kwambiri mafakitale atsopano monga ukadaulo wazidziwitso wa mibadwo yatsopano, sayansi ya zamoyo, mphamvu zatsopano, zipangizo zatsopano, zida zapamwamba, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kuteteza zachilengedwe zobiriwira, ndege, zida zam'madzi, ndi zina zotero, zimathandizira kupanga zatsopano ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wofunikira, ndikufulumizitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale monga biomedicine, kuswana kwachilengedwe, zinthu zamoyo, ndi mphamvu ya zamoyo. M'tsogolomu, chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale apamwamba omwe ali pamwambapa chidzapititsa patsogolo kukula kwa msika wa zipinda zoyera. Akuti msika wa zipinda zoyera ku China ukuyembekezeka kufika pa 358.65 biliyoni yuan pofika chaka cha 2026, ndipo udzakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 15.01% pa chiwongola dzanja chapakati pachaka kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2026.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-24-2025