Pali magwero awiri akulu oyipa mu chimbudzi: tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, omwe amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe, kapena zochitika zokhudzana ndi njirayi. Ngakhale kuyesetsa bwino, kuipitsidwa kumalowabe kuchipinda choyera. Zovala zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizira matupi a anthu (maselo, tsitsi) monga fumbi, kusuta, zida kapena zida zotsukira), komanso njira zotsukira.
Wonyamula zodetsa kwambiri ndi anthu. Ngakhale ndi zovala zokhumudwitsa kwambiri komanso njira zogwirira ntchito zovomerezeka kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito molakwika ndiowopsa kwambiri chifukwa choipitsidwa mu chimbudzi. Ogwira ntchito omwe satsatira malangizo oyera ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Malingana ngati wogwira ntchito m'modzi amapanga cholakwika kapena kuyiwala gawo, lidzatsogolera kuipitsidwa kwa chimbudzi chonsecho. Kampaniyo imatha kungotsimikizira ukhondo waukhondo ndikuwunika mosalekeza ndikusintha kwa maphunziro ndi kuipitsidwa kwa zero.
Magawo ena akuluakulu a kuipitsidwa ndi zida ndi zida. Ngati ngolo kapena makina amangokhumudwitsidwa musanalowe mu chilema, zitha kubweretsa mu microorganisms. Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito sadziwa zida zowala zomwe zimasiyidwa chifukwa chaipitsidwa. Pamtunda (kuphatikiza pansi pansi, zida, zida, ndi zina zoyeserera) zomwe zimayesedwa mosiyanasiyana monga Tsaraud Soy (TSA) ndi Sabouraud Dexrose Soxrose Soting (SMA). TSA ndi sing'anga yopanga mabakiteriya, ndipo sda ndi sing'anga yopangidwa chifukwa cha nkhungu ndi yisiti. TSA ndi SDA nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kutentha kosiyanasiyana, ndi TSA yodziwika bwino mu 30-35C mtundu, womwe ndi kutentha koyenera kwa mabakiteriya ambiri. Mitundu ya 20-25˚c ndi yabwino kwa nkhungu ndi yisiti.
Airflow inali kamodzi kofala kuipitsidwa, koma njira zoyenerera za HVA lero zathetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Mphepo yoyera imayang'aniridwa komanso kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse (mwachitsanzo, tsiku lililonse, sabata iliyonse, kotala) chifukwa cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zowerengera, kutentha, komanso chinyezi. Zosefera SuP zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera tinthu tating'onoting'ono mlengalenga ndikutha kuzifafaniza tinthu tating'onoting'ono mpaka 0.2μm. Zosefera izi nthawi zambiri zimangoyenda mosalekeza pamlingo wowoneka bwino kuti uzikhala bwino m'chipindacho. Chinyezi chimakhala chinyezi chotsika kuti chichepetse kuchuluka kwa tizilombo ngati mabakiteriya monga mabakiteriya komanso nkhunda yomwe imakonda zachilengedwe.
M'malo mwake, gwero lalikulu kwambiri komanso gwero lalikulu la kuipitsidwa mu chimbudzi ndi wothandizira.
Magwero ndi njira zolowera zodetsa nkhawa sizimasiyana kwambiri ndi malonda, koma pali zosiyana pakati pa mafakitale malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, opanga mapiritsi ophatikizika safunikira kukhala ndi ukhondo wofanana ndi opanga majenti omwe amayambitsidwa mwachindunji.
Opanga mankhwala ali ndi kulekerera kwapamwamba kwa microbeli kuposa opanga magetsi apamwamba kwambiri. Opanga Semiconductor omwe amatulutsa zinthu za microscopic sangathe kuvomera kuwonongeka kulikonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti akugwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, makampani awa amangomangoganiza za kuwira kwa malonda kuti akhazikitsidwe m'thupi la munthu ndi magwiridwe antchito a chip kapena foni yam'manja. Amangoganiza za nkhungu, fungus kapena mitundu ina ya microbial kuipitsidwa mu chimbudzi. Kumbali inayi, makampani opanga mankhwala ali ndi nkhawa ndi zinthu zonse zakufa komanso zakufa zodetsa nkhawa.
Makampani ogulitsa mankhwala amayendetsedwa ndi FDA ndipo ayenera kutsatira malamulo abwino opanga (gmmp) chifukwa zotsatira za kuipitsidwa m'makampani ogulitsa mankhwala ndizovulaza kwambiri. Osangopanga opanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo amayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zawo ndi zaulere za mabakiteriya, zimafunikiranso kukhala ndi zolemba ndikutsata chilichonse. Kampani yamagetsi yapamwamba imatha kutumiza laputopu kapena TV bola imadutsa njira yake yamkati. Koma sizophweka kwa malonda opangira mankhwala, ndiye chifukwa choti kampani iyenera kukhalapo, kugwiritsa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito makina ogwirira ntchito. Chifukwa cha zomwe amapereka ndalama, makampani ambiri amalemba ntchito zaluso zakunja kuti ayese ntchito zotsuka.
Pulogalamu yoyeserera yoyenerera yoyera iyenera kukhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso osawoneka. Ngakhale kuti palibe zofunikira zomwe onse amadetsa m'malo olamulidwa ndi awa kuti azindikire tizilombo. Pulogalamu ya chilengedwe iyenera kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa bakiteriya. Pali njira zambiri zokonera mabakiteriya zomwe zilipo.
Gawo loyamba ku chizindikiritso cha bakiteriya, makamaka ikafika pakuyelerera, ndiye njira ya pompula, monga imathandizira kutanthauzira kwa magwero a microbial. Ngati magwiridwe antchito ndi chizindikiritso amawonetsa compid compi, kuipitsa mwina kunachokera kwa anthu. Ngati magwiridwe antchito ndi chizindikiritso amawonetsa ndodo zabwino, zodetsazi zitha kuti zimachokera kufumbi kapena kuwononga matenda osokoneza bongo. Ngati kupenyerera ndi chizindikiritso ndikuwonetsa ndodo zoyipa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke zitha kutuluka m'madzi kapena kuwonongeka kulikonse.
Chizindikiro chaching'ono cha mankhwala owoneka bwino ndi chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chimagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri za chitsimikizo chabwino, monga mabiosiasi a malo opanga; Kuyesedwa kwa bakiteriya kwa zinthu zomaliza; Zolengedwa zosatchulidwa muzinthu zosatsutsidwa ndi madzi; Kuwongolera kwapadera kwa ukadaulo wosungirako m'makampani a biotechnology; ndi chitsimikizo choyesa cha microbial panthawi yotsimikizika. Njira ya FDA yotsimikizira kuti mabakiteriya angakhale m'malo enaakenso. Ngati microbial Students Students Express yomwe idafotokozedwayo kapena zotsatira zosasinthika zimawonetsa kuipitsidwa, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira luso la kuyeretsa ndi kunyansidwa ndikuchotsa zizindikiritso zodetsa nkhawa.
Pali njira ziwiri zowunikira malo oyera a chilengedwe:
1.
Zachikhalidwe zapaderazi mbale zimakhala ndi zosabala kukula, zomwe zimakonzekera kukhala zapamwamba kuposa m'mphepete mwa mbale. Chophimba cha mbale cholumikizira chimakwirira kumtunda kuti chikhomerekeze, ndipo microorganism iliyonse yowoneka pamtunda imatsatira malo agar ndi incute. Njira iyi imatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono towonekera pamtunda.
2. Njira ya Swab
Izi ndizosabala ndikusungidwa mu madzi osabala ambiri. Swab imayikidwa pamayeso ndipo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadziwika ndikuchiritsa swab mu sing'anga. Swabs nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wosasinthika kapena madera omwe ndi ovuta kuvuta ndi mbale yolumikizirana. Sable Swapling ndi yoyenerera.
Post Nthawi: Oct-21-2024