Magwero a particles amagawidwa kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi tinthu tamoyo. Kwa thupi la munthu, ndizosavuta kuyambitsa matenda opuma ndi m'mapapo, komanso zimatha kuyambitsa chifuwa ndi matenda a virus; kwa tchipisi ta silicon, kulumikizidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumayambitsa kupindika kapena kufupika kwa mabwalo ophatikizika, kupangitsa tchipisi kutaya ntchito zawo, kotero kuwongolera magwero oyipitsidwa pang'ono kwakhala gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera zipinda zoyera.
Kufunika kowongolera zachilengedwe m'chipinda choyera kwagona pakuwonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe pakupanga zinthu zikugwirizana ndi mfundo zaukhondo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. Zotsatirazi ndi kufunikira ndi ntchito yeniyeni yowongolera chilengedwe chazipinda:
1. Onetsetsani khalidwe la mankhwala
1.1 Pewani kuipitsidwa: M'mafakitale monga ma semiconductors, mankhwala, ndi zida zamankhwala, tinthu tating'onoting'ono towononga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tingayambitse kuwonongeka kwazinthu kapena kulephera. Mwa kuwongolera mpweya wabwino ndi ndende ya tinthu m'chipinda choyera, zoipitsa izi zitha kupewedwa kuti zisakhudze mankhwalawo.
Kuphatikiza pa ndalama zoyambira zida za Hardware, kukonza ndi kuwongolera ukhondo wachipinda choyera kumafunikiranso kasamalidwe kabwino ka "mapulogalamu" kuti mukhale aukhondo. Ogwira ntchito amakhudza kwambiri ukhondo wa chipinda choyera. Ogwira ntchito akalowa m'chipinda choyera, fumbi limakula kwambiri. Pakakhala anthu oyenda uku ndi uku, ukhondo nthawi yomweyo umawonongeka. Zitha kuwonedwa kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa ukhondo ndi zinthu zaumunthu.
1.2 Kusasinthika: Malo oyera achipinda amathandizira kuti pakhale kusasinthika komanso kubwerezabwereza kwa kupanga, potero kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino.
Koma gawo lapansi la galasi, kumamatira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumayambitsa zipsera pa gawo lapansi lagalasi, mabwalo afupiafupi ndi thovu, ndi zina zosauka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupukuta. Choncho, kuyang'anira magwero oipitsa kwakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka zipinda zaukhondo.
Kunja fumbi kulowerera ndi kupewa
Chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino (> 0.5mm / Hg), igwire ntchito yabwino yomangamanga kuti iwonetsetse kuti palibe mpweya wotuluka, ndikuyeretsa ndi kupukuta antchito, zipangizo, zipangizo, zipangizo, zogwiritsira ntchito, ndi zina zambiri musanazilowetse m'chipinda choyera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zida zoyeretsera ziyenera kuikidwa bwino ndikusinthidwa kapena kutsukidwa nthawi zonse.
Kupanga fumbi ndi kupewa m'zipinda zoyera
Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa zipangizo zoyera za chipinda monga matabwa ogawa ndi pansi, kulamulira kwa fumbi la fumbi mu zipangizo zogwirira ntchito, mwachitsanzo kukonza ndi kuyeretsa nthawi zonse, ogwira ntchito zopangapanga saloledwa kuyenda mozungulira kapena kupanga mayendedwe akuluakulu a thupi kumalo awo, ndipo njira zodzitetezera monga kuwonjezera mphasa zomata zimatengedwa pa malo apadera.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo kupanga bwino
2.1 Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa zinyalala: Mwa kuchepetsa zonyansa ndi zowononga popanga, kuchuluka kwa zotsalira kumatha kuchepetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumatha kuonjezeredwa, motero kupanga bwino kumatha kuwongolera.
Mwachitsanzo: Pali masitepe 600 pakupanga katumbuwa. Ngati zokolola za ndondomeko iliyonse ndi 99%, zokolola zonse za ndondomeko za 600 ndi zotani? Yankho: 0.99600 = 0.24%.
Kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yotheka pazachuma, kodi zokolola za sitepe iliyonse ziyenera kukhala zochuluka bwanji?
•0.999600= 54.8%
•0.9999600=94.2%
Zokolola zamtundu uliwonse ziyenera kufika kupitirira 99.99% kuti zikwaniritse zokolola zomaliza zopitirira 90%, ndipo kuipitsidwa kwa microparticles kudzakhudza mwachindunji zokolola za ndondomeko.
2.2 Kufulumizitsa ndondomekoyi: Kugwira ntchito pamalo aukhondo kungachepetse kuyeretsa kosafunikira ndi kukonzanso nthawi, kupanga ntchito yopangira bwino.
3. Onetsetsani thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito
3.1 Thanzi Lantchito: Pazinthu zina zopangira zomwe zimatha kutulutsa zinthu zovulaza, zipinda zoyera zimatha kuletsa zinthu zovulaza kuti zisafalikire kunja ndikuteteza thanzi la ogwira ntchito. Chiyambire chitukuko cha anthu, teknoloji, zipangizo ndi chidziwitso zakhala zikuyenda bwino, koma khalidwe la mpweya labwerera. Munthu amakoka mpweya pafupifupi 270,000 M3 m'moyo wake, ndipo amathera 70% mpaka 90% ya nthawi yake m'nyumba. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timakokedwa ndi thupi la munthu ndikuyika m'njira yopuma. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 5 mpaka 30um timayikidwa mu nasopharynx, tinthu tating'ono ta 1 mpaka 5um timayikidwa mu trachea ndi bronchi, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 1um timayikidwa mu khoma la alveolar.
Anthu omwe amakhala m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wosakwanira kwa nthawi yayitali amakhala ndi "m'nyumba syndrome", ndi zizindikiro monga mutu, chifuwa chachikulu, ndi kutopa, komanso amatha kupuma ndi matenda a mitsempha. Muyezo wa dziko langa wa GB/T18883-2002 umanena kuti mpweya wabwino suyenera kuchepera 30m3/h. munthu.
Mpweya wabwino wa chipinda choyera uyenera kutengera zinthu ziwiri izi:
a. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira kuti upereke mphamvu ya utsi wa m'nyumba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino umakhalapo.
b. Onetsetsani kuti pali mpweya wabwino womwe ogwira ntchito m'chipinda chaukhondo amafunikira. Malinga ndi Mafotokozedwe a Cleanroom Design, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino pa munthu pa ola sikuchepera 40m3.
3.2 Kupanga kotetezedwa: Poyang'anira magawo a chilengedwe monga chinyezi ndi kutentha, zoopsa zachitetezo monga kutulutsa kwa electrostatic zitha kupewedwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chopanga.
4. Kukumana ndi zowongolera ndi zofunikira
4.1 Miyezo yamakampani: Mafakitale ambiri ali ndi miyezo yaukhondo wokhazikika (monga ISO 14644), ndipo kupanga kuyenera kuchitikira mzipinda zoyera zamagiredi apadera. Kutsatiridwa ndi miyezo imeneyi sikungofunikira kuwongolera, komanso chiwonetsero champikisano wamakampani.
Kwa workbench woyera, okhetsedwa woyera, laminar otaya kutengerapo zenera, zimakupiza fyuluta unit FFU, zovala woyera, laminar otaya hood, hood wolemera, chophimba woyera, zodzitchinjiriza, mpweya shawa mndandanda mankhwala, m'pofunika standardize njira za kuyezetsa ukhondo wa mankhwala alipo kusintha kukhulupirika kwa mankhwala.
4.2 Chitsimikizo ndi kufufuza: Pita kafukufuku wa mabungwe a satifiketi a chipani chachitatu ndikupeza ziphaso zoyenera (monga GMP, ISO 9001, ndi zina zotero) kuti mulimbikitse kukhulupirirana kwamakasitomala ndikukulitsa mwayi wopeza msika.
5. Limbikitsani luso laukadaulo
Thandizo la 5.1 R&D: Zipinda zoyera zimapereka malo abwino oyesera opangira zida zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zimathandizira kufulumizitsa kupanga zinthu zatsopano.
5.2 Kukhathamiritsa kwa njira: Pansi pa malo olamulidwa mosamalitsa, ndizosavuta kuwona ndikuwunika momwe kusintha kwadongosolo kumagwirira ntchito, potero kumalimbikitsa kusintha kwazinthu.
6. Limbikitsani chithunzi cha mtundu
6.1 Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino: Kukhala ndi malo opangira ukhondo wapamwamba kumatha kukulitsa chithunzithunzi chamtundu ndikuwonjezera chidaliro chamakasitomala pazogulitsa.
6.2 Mpikisano wamsika: Zogulitsa zomwe zimatha kupangidwa pamalo oyera nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ngati chizindikiro chapamwamba komanso kudalirika kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza makampani kuti awonekere pampikisano wowopsa wamsika.
7. Chepetsani ndalama zokonzera ndi kukonza
7.1 Wonjezerani moyo wa zida: Zida zopangira ndi zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamalo aukhondo sizingawonongeke ndi dzimbiri ndi kutha, potero zimakulitsa moyo wautumiki ndikuchepetsa pafupipafupi kukonza ndi ndalama.
7.2 Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu: Mwa kukhathamiritsa kamangidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka zipinda zoyera, kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito.
Mfundo zinayi zoyendetsera ntchito zapachipinda:
1. Osabweretsa:
Chosefera cha HEPA sichingadutse.
Kupanikizika kokonzedwa kuyenera kusungidwa m'nyumba.
Ogwira ntchito ayenera kusintha zovala ndikulowa m'chipinda choyera pambuyo posamba mpweya.
Zida zonse, zida, ndi zida ziyenera kutsukidwa zisanalowetsedwe.
2. Osapanga:
Anthu ayenera kuvala zovala zopanda fumbi.
Chepetsani zochita zosafunikira.
Osagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosavuta kupanga fumbi.
Zinthu zosafunikira sizingabweretsedwe.
3. Osaunjikana:
Pasakhale ngodya ndi makina ozungulira omwe ndi ovuta kuyeretsa kapena kuyeretsa.
Yesani kuchepetsa poyera mpweya ngalande, madzi mapaipi, etc. m'nyumba.
Kuyeretsa kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi njira zokhazikika komanso nthawi zodziwika.
4. Chotsani nthawi yomweyo:
Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya.
Utsi pafupi ndi gawo lopangira fumbi.
Limbikitsani mawonekedwe a mpweya kuti muteteze fumbi kuti lisamamatire ndi mankhwala.
Mwachidule, kuyang'anira zachilengedwe m'chipinda choyera ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, kukonza bwino kapangidwe kake, kuteteza thanzi la ogwira ntchito ndi chitetezo, kukwaniritsa zofunika pakuwongolera, kulimbikitsa luso laukadaulo, komanso kukulitsa chithunzi chamtundu. Mabizinesi akuyenera kuganizira mozama izi pomanga ndi kukonza zipinda zaukhondo kuti zipinda zaukhondo zikwaniritse zofunikira popanga ndi R&D.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-12-2025