Chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa mafakitale amakono, malo ochitira misonkhano yoyeretsa zipinda akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mbali zonse za moyo, koma anthu ambiri sadziwa bwino za malo ochitira misonkhano yoyeretsa zipinda, makamaka akatswiri ena okhudzana ndi zimenezi, zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika malo ochitira misonkhano yoyeretsa zipinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ochitira misonkhanowo awonongeke komanso kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino. Ndiye kodi malo ochitira misonkhano yoyeretsa zipinda ndi chiyani? Kodi amagawidwa ndi njira zotani zowunikira? Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji ndikusunga malo ochitira misonkhano yoyeretsa zipinda moyenera?
Malo ochitira zinthu zoyera amatchedwanso chipinda chopanda fumbi. Chimatanthauza chipinda chopangidwa mwapadera chomwe chimachotsa zinthu zoipitsa monga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpweya woipa, ndi mabakiteriya mumlengalenga mkati mwa malo enaake, ndipo chimayang'anira kutentha kwa mkati, ukhondo, kuthamanga kwa mkati, liwiro la mpweya ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya, kugwedezeka kwa phokoso, kuwala, ndi magetsi osasinthasintha mkati mwa zofunikira zinazake.
Mwachidule, malo ochitira zinthu zoyera amapangidwira malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amafunikira ukhondo m'malo ena opangira zinthu. Ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma microelectronics, ukadaulo wa opto-magnetic, bioengineering, zida zamagetsi, zida zolondola, ndege, mafakitale azakudya, makampani odzola, kafukufuku wasayansi ndi kuphunzitsa, ndi madera ena.
Pali miyezo itatu yayikulu yogawa zipinda zoyera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano.
1. Muyezo wa ISO wa International Organization for Standardization: kuyera chipinda kutengera kuchuluka kwa fumbi pa mita imodzi iliyonse ya mpweya.
2. Muyezo wa FS 209D wa ku United States: kutengera kuchuluka kwa tinthu pa cubic foot ya mpweya monga maziko a kuwerengera.
3. Muyezo wa GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice): makamaka m'makampani opanga mankhwala. Mtengo ukakhala wochepa, ukhondo umakhala wokwera.
Anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zipinda zoyera amadziwa kupeza gulu la akatswiri kuti amange koma amanyalanyaza kayendetsedwe ka ntchito yomanga pambuyo pa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipinda zina zoyera zikhale zoyenera akamaperekedwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pa nthawi yogwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawonjezeka, kotero kuti chiwopsezo cha katundu chimawonjezeka, ndipo zina zimasiyidwa.
Ntchito yokonza zipinda zoyera ndi yofunika kwambiri. Sikuti imangokhudzana ndi khalidwe la zinthu zokha, komanso imakhudza moyo wa ntchito ya zipinda zoyera. Pofufuza kuchuluka kwa magwero a kuipitsa zipinda zoyera, kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu za anthu kumafikira 80%. Ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono komanso kuipitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
(1) Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zovala zopanda fumbi asanalowe m'chipinda choyera.
Zovala zodzitetezera zotsutsana ndi static zimaphatikizapo zovala zotsutsana ndi static, nsapato zotsutsana ndi static, zipewa zotsutsana ndi static ndi zinthu zina. Zitha kufika pamlingo waukhondo wa kalasi 1,000 ndi 10,000 kudzera mu kutsuka mobwerezabwereza. Zipangizo zotsutsana ndi static zimatha kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa fumbi, tsitsi ndi zinthu zina zodetsa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimatha kusiyanitsa thukuta, dandruff, mabakiteriya ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kagayidwe ka anthu. Kuchepetsa kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe anthu amachita.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zopukutira zoyenerera malinga ndi mulingo wa chipinda choyera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopukutira zosavomerezeka n'kosavuta kuchotsa ndi kuwononga mabakiteriya, kuswana mabakiteriya, osati kungoipitsa malo ogwirira ntchito, komanso kuipitsa zinthu.
Yopangidwa ndi ulusi wautali wa polyester kapena ulusi wautali wopyapyala kwambiri, imamveka yofewa komanso yofewa, imakhala yosinthasintha bwino, komanso imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba.
Kukonza nsalu, sikophweka kupukuta, sikophweka kupukuta. Kulongedza kumachitika mu workshop yopanda fumbi, ndipo sikophweka kuswana mabakiteriya mutatsuka kwambiri.
Gwiritsani ntchito njira zapadera zotsekera m'mphepete monga ultrasound ndi laser kuti muwonetsetse kuti m'mphepete simukusweka mosavuta.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu m'zipinda zoyera kuyambira kalasi 10 mpaka kalasi 1000 kuti ichotse fumbi pamwamba pa zinthu, monga LCD/microelectronics/semiconductor products. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyeretsa makina opukutira, zida, malo owonetsera maginito, galasi, ndi mkati mwa mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri opukutidwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-19-2025