Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chamakampani amakono, chipinda chopanda fumbi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amitundu yonse. Komabe, anthu ambiri samamvetsetsa bwino za chipinda chopanda fumbi choyera, makamaka akatswiri ena okhudzana nawo. Izi zidzatsogolera ku ntchito yolakwika ya chipinda choyera. Zotsatira zake, malo oyeretsera m'chipindacho amawonongeka ndipo chiwongoladzanja cha mankhwala chikuwonjezeka. Ndiye kodi chipinda choyera ndi chiyani? Ndi njira zotani zowunikidwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiyika? Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito moyenera ndikusunga malo achipinda choyera?
Kodi chipinda choyera ndi chiyani?
Chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi, chomwe chimatchedwanso msonkhano woyera, chipinda choyera, ndi chipinda chopanda fumbi, chimatanthawuza kuchotsedwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpweya woipa, mabakiteriya ndi zowononga zina mumlengalenga mkati mwa danga linalake, ndi kutentha kwa m'nyumba ndi ukhondo, kuthamanga kwa m'nyumba, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kugawa kwa mpweya, kugwedezeka kwa phokoso ndi kuunikira, magetsi osasunthika amayendetsedwa mkati mwa zofunikira zina, ndipo chipinda chopangidwa mwapadera chimaperekedwa.
Mwachidule, chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi ndi malo opangira okhazikika omwe amapangidwira malo ena opanga omwe amafunikira ukhondo. Ili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ma microelectronics, ukadaulo wa opto-magnetic, bioengineering, zida zamagetsi, zida zolondola, zakuthambo, makampani azakudya, makampani odzola zodzoladzola, kafukufuku wasayansi ndi kuphunzitsa, ndi zina zambiri.
Pakali pano pali magawo atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazipinda zoyera.
1. Muyezo wa ISO wa International Organisation for Standardization: kuwunika kwachipinda koyera kutengera fumbi lomwe lili ndi mpweya pa kiyubiki mita ya mpweya.
2. American FS 209D muyezo: zochokera tinthu zili pa kiyubiki phazi la mpweya monga maziko a mlingo.
3. GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) mlingo mlingo: makamaka ntchito makampani mankhwala.
Momwe mungasungire chipinda chaukhondo
Ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipinda zopanda fumbi amadziwa kulemba ganyu gulu la akatswiri kuti lipange koma amanyalanyaza kasamalidwe komanga. Zotsatira zake, zipinda zina zopanda fumbi zimakhala zoyenerera zikamalizidwa ndikuperekedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Komabe, pakapita nthawi yogwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa tinthu kumaposa bajeti. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwapang'onopang'ono kwazinthu kumawonjezeka. Ena amasiyidwa.
Kusamalira bwino zipinda ndikofunikira kwambiri. Sizokhudzana ndi khalidwe la mankhwala, komanso zimakhudza moyo wautumiki wa chipinda choyera. Posanthula kuchuluka kwa magwero oyipitsa m'zipinda zoyera, 80% ya kuipitsa kumachitika chifukwa cha anthu. Makamaka zoipitsidwa ndi zabwino particles ndi tizilombo.
(1) Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zovala zoyera asanalowe m’chipinda choyera
Zovala zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zidapangidwa ndikupangidwa zimaphatikizapo zovala zotsutsana ndi ma static, nsapato za anti-static, zisoti zotsutsana ndi ma static ndi zinthu zina. Ikhoza kufika paukhondo wa kalasi 1000 ndi kalasi 10000 kupyolera mu kuyeretsa mobwerezabwereza. Zinthu zotsutsana ndi static zimatha kuchepetsa fumbi ndi tsitsi. Imatha kuyamwa zowononga zing'onozing'ono monga silika ndi zowononga zina zazing'ono, komanso zimatha kudzipatula thukuta, dander, mabakiteriya, etc. opangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Chepetsani kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha anthu.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito zopukuta zoyenerera malinga ndi chipinda choyera
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala opukuta osayenera kumakhala kosavuta kupiritsa ndi zinyenyeswazi, ndipo amabala mabakiteriya, omwe samangoipitsa malo ochitira msonkhano, komanso amachititsa kuipitsidwa kwa mankhwala.
Zovala zoyera m'chipinda:
Wopangidwa ndi ulusi wautali wa poliyesitala kapena ulusi wautali kwambiri, umakhala wofewa komanso wosakhwima, umakhala wosinthika bwino, umalimbana bwino ndi makwinya komanso kukana kuvala.
Kuluka pokonza, sikophweka kupiritsa, kosavuta kukhetsa. Kuyikapo kumamalizidwa m'chipinda chopanda fumbi ndikukonzedwanso poyeretsa kwambiri kuti mabakiteriya asakule mosavuta.
Njira zapadera zosindikizira m'mphepete monga akupanga ndi laser zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti m'mphepete mwake simumalekanitsidwa mosavuta.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu m'kalasi 10 kupita ku zipinda zoyera za 1000 kuchotsa fumbi pamwamba pa zinthu, monga LCD/microelectronics/semiconductor products. Makina oyera opukutira, zida, malo owonera maginito, magalasi, ndi mkati mwa mapaipi opukutidwa achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, etc.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2023