Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha mafakitale amakono, chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Komabe, anthu ambiri sadziwa bwino za chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi, makamaka akatswiri ena okhudzana ndi izi. Izi zipangitsa kuti chipinda choyera chigwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika. Zotsatira zake, malo oyeretsera chipinda amawonongeka ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolakwika kumawonjezeka. Ndiye kodi chipinda choyera ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Ndi njira ziti zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochigawa m'magulu? Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndikusamalira bwino malo oyeretsera chipinda?
Kodi chipinda choyera n'chiyani?
Chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi, chomwe chimatchedwanso malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi oyera, chipinda choyera, ndi chipinda chopanda fumbi, chimatanthauza kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpweya woipa, mabakiteriya ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa mpweya mumlengalenga mkati mwa malo enaake, ndipo kutentha ndi ukhondo wa m'nyumba, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya, kugwedezeka kwa phokoso ndi kuwala, magetsi osasunthika amayendetsedwa mkati mwa zofunikira zinazake, ndipo chipinda chopangidwa mwapadera chimaperekedwa.
Mwachidule, chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi ndi malo opangidwira kupanga zinthu zomwe zimafuna ukhondo. Chili ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo a ma microelectronics, ukadaulo wa opto-magnetic, bioengineering, zida zamagetsi, zida zolondola, ndege, mafakitale azakudya, makampani odzola, kafukufuku wasayansi ndi kuphunzitsa, ndi zina zotero.
Pakadali pano pali miyezo itatu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogawa zipinda zoyera.
1. Muyezo wa ISO wa International Organization for Standardization: kuyera chipinda kutengera kuchuluka kwa fumbi pa mita imodzi iliyonse ya mpweya.
2. Muyezo wa American FS 209D: kutengera kuchuluka kwa tinthu pa kiyubiki ya mpweya ngati maziko a kuwerengera.
3. Muyezo wa GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice): umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'makampani opanga mankhwala.
Momwe mungasungire chipinda choyera
Anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito zipinda zoyera zopanda fumbi amadziwa momwe angalembe ntchito gulu la akatswiri kuti amange koma amanyalanyaza kasamalidwe ka pambuyo pa ntchito yomanga. Zotsatira zake, zipinda zina zoyera zopanda fumbi zimakhala zoyenera zikamalizidwa ndikuperekedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Komabe, pakapita nthawi yogwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumapitirira bajeti. Chifukwa chake, chiwopsezo cha zinthu zolakwika chimawonjezeka. Zina zimasiyidwa.
Kusamalira chipinda choyera n'kofunika kwambiri. Sikuti kumangokhudzana ndi khalidwe la chinthu chokha, komanso kumakhudza moyo wa chipinda choyera. Pofufuza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoipitsa m'zipinda zoyera, 80% ya kuipitsa kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe anthu amachita. Kuipitsidwa kwambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
(1) Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zovala zoyera asanalowe m'chipinda choyera
Zovala zodzitetezera zotsutsana ndi static zomwe zapangidwa ndikupangidwa zikuphatikizapo zovala zotsutsana ndi static, nsapato zotsutsana ndi static, zipewa zotsutsana ndi static ndi zinthu zina. Zitha kufika pamlingo waukhondo wa kalasi 1000 ndi kalasi 10000 kudzera mu kuyeretsa mobwerezabwereza. Zipangizo zotsutsana ndi static zimatha kuchepetsa fumbi ndi tsitsi. Zitha kuyamwa zinthu zoipitsa monga silika ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono zoipitsa, komanso zimatha kusiyanitsa thukuta, dander, mabakiteriya, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kagayidwe ka thupi la munthu. Kuchepetsa kuipitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe anthu amachita.
(2) Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zopukutira zoyenerera malinga ndi mtundu wa chipinda choyera
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopukutira zosavomerezeka kumatha kuwononga mabala ndi zinyenyeswazi, ndipo kumabweretsa mabakiteriya, omwe samangoipitsa malo ogwirira ntchito, komanso amayambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa zinthuzo.
Mndandanda wa zovala zoyera m'chipinda:
Yopangidwa ndi ulusi wautali wa polyester kapena ulusi wautali wopyapyala kwambiri, imamveka yofewa komanso yofewa, imakhala yosinthasintha bwino, komanso imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba.
Kukonza nsalu, sikophweka kupukuta, sikophweka kutaya. Kulongedza kumamalizidwa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi ndipo kumakonzedwa mwa kuyeretsa koyera kwambiri kuti mabakiteriya asakule mosavuta.
Njira zapadera zotsekera m'mphepete monga ultrasound ndi laser zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti m'mphepete sizimalekanitsidwa mosavuta.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu m'zipinda zoyera za kalasi 10 mpaka kalasi 1000 kuti ichotse fumbi pamwamba pa zinthu, monga zinthu za LCD/microelectronics/semiconductor. Tsukani makina opukutira, zida, malo owonetsera maginito, galasi, ndi mkati mwa mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri opukutidwa, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-22-2023