Zipinda zoyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri amafakitale, monga kupanga zinthu zowala, kupanga zinthu zazing'ono, makina akuluakulu amagetsi a semiconductor, kupanga makina a hydraulic kapena pneumatic, kupanga chakudya ndi zakumwa, makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi zina zotero. Kukongoletsa chipinda choyera kumaphatikizapo zofunikira zambiri monga mpweya wozizira, magetsi amagetsi, magetsi ofooka, kuyeretsa madzi, kupewa moto, anti-static, sterilization, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, kuti mukongoletse chipinda choyera bwino, muyenera kumvetsetsa chidziwitso chofunikira.
Chipinda choyera chimatanthauza kuchotsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpweya woopsa komanso woopsa, magwero a mabakiteriya ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa mpweya mumlengalenga mkati mwa malo enaake, ndipo kutentha, ukhondo, liwiro la mpweya ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa mkati, phokoso, kugwedezeka, kuwala, magetsi osasinthasintha, ndi zina zotero zimayendetsedwa mkati mwa malo enaake ofunikira, ndipo chipinda kapena chipinda chosungiramo zachilengedwe chimapangidwa kuti chikhale ndi tanthauzo lapadera.
1. Mtengo woyeretsa chipinda
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wokongoletsera chipinda choyera? Izi zimatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi zinthu khumi ndi chimodzi: dongosolo la host, dongosolo la terminal, denga, kugawa, pansi, mulingo waukhondo, zofunikira pakuwunikira, gulu la makampani, malo a mtundu, kutalika kwa denga, ndi malo. Pakati pawo, kutalika kwa denga ndi malo ndi zinthu zosasinthasintha, ndipo zisanu ndi zinayi zotsalazo zimasinthasintha. Potengera dongosolo la host mwachitsanzo, pali mitundu inayi yayikulu pamsika: makabati oziziritsidwa ndi madzi, mayunitsi okulitsa mwachindunji, ma chiller oziziritsidwa ndi mpweya, ndi ma chiller oziziritsidwa ndi madzi. Mitengo ya mayunitsi anayi osiyanasiyana awa ndi yosiyana kwambiri, ndipo kusiyana kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.
2. Kukongoletsa chipinda choyera kumaphatikizapo makamaka magawo otsatirawa
(1) Sankhani dongosolo ndi mtengo, ndikusaina pangano
Kawirikawiri timapita koyamba pamalopo, ndipo mapulani ambiri amafunika kupangidwa kutengera momwe malowo alili komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa m'chipinda choyera. Makampani osiyanasiyana ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana, milingo yosiyanasiyana, komanso mitengo yosiyanasiyana. Ndikofunikira kuuza wopanga za ukhondo, malo, denga ndi matabwa a chipinda choyera. Ndibwino kukhala ndi zojambula. Zimathandiza kupanga mapulani pambuyo pa kupanga ndikuchepetsa nthawi. Mtengo wa pulani ukatsimikizika, pangano limasainidwa ndipo ntchito yomanga imayamba.
(2) Kapangidwe ka pansi ka chipinda choyera
Kukongoletsa chipinda choyera nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi magawo atatu: malo oyera, malo oyeretsa pang'ono ndi malo othandizira. Kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera kangakhale motere:
Veranda yozungulira: Veranda ikhoza kukhala ndi mawindo kapena yopanda mawindo, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera ndi kuyika zida zina. Ena ali ndi zotenthetsera mkati mwa veranda. Mawindo akunja ayenera kukhala ndi mawindo otsekedwa kawiri.
Mtundu wa khonde lamkati: Chipinda choyera chili m'mphepete mwa msewu, ndipo khonde lili mkati. Ukhondo wa khondeli nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera, ngakhale mulingo wofanana ndi chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi. Mtundu wa mbali ziwiri: malo oyera ali mbali imodzi, ndipo zipinda zoyera pang'ono komanso zothandizira zili mbali inayo.
Mtundu wapakati: Pofuna kusunga nthaka ndikufupikitsa mapaipi, malo oyera angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pakati, ozunguliridwa ndi zipinda zosiyanasiyana zothandizira ndi malo obisika a mapaipi. Njirayi imapewa kukhudzidwa ndi nyengo yakunja pa malo oyera ndipo imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yozizira ndi kutentha, zomwe zimathandiza kusunga mphamvu.
(3) Kukhazikitsa chipinda choyera
Ndi ofanana ndi chimango chonse. Zipangizo zikadzabweretsedwa, makoma onse ogawa adzamalizidwa. Nthawi idzadziwika malinga ndi dera la nyumba ya fakitale. Kukongoletsa chipinda choyera ndi kwa mafakitale ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofulumira. Mosiyana ndi makampani okongoletsa, nthawi yomanga imakhala yocheperako.
(4) Kukonza denga la chipinda choyera
Pambuyo poti magawano aikidwa, muyenera kukhazikitsa denga lopachikidwa, lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe. Zipangizo zidzayikidwa padenga, monga ma filter a FFU, magetsi oyeretsera, ma air conditioner, ndi zina zotero. Mtunda pakati pa zomangira zopachikidwa ndi mbale uyenera kukhala wogwirizana ndi malamulo. Pangani dongosolo loyenera kuti mupewe mavuto osafunikira pambuyo pake.
(5) Kukhazikitsa zida ndi zoziziritsira mpweya
Zipangizo zazikulu mumakampani oyeretsa zipinda zimaphatikizapo: zosefera za FFU, nyali zoyeretsera, ma venti otulutsa mpweya, shawa za mpweya, ma air conditioner, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochedwa pang'ono ndipo zimatenga nthawi kuti utoto wopopera ukhale wopopera ukhale wofewa. Chifukwa chake, mutasaina pangano, samalani nthawi yofika kwa zidazo. Pakadali pano, kukhazikitsa kwa workshop kumamalizidwa, ndipo gawo lotsatira ndi kukonza pansi.
(6) Uinjiniya wapansi
Kodi utoto wa pansi ndi wotani woyenera mtundu wa nthaka? Kodi muyenera kusamala ndi chiyani panthawi yomanga utoto wa pansi, kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi kotani, komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji yomanga itatha musanalowe. Eni ake akulangizidwa kuti ayang'ane kaye.
(7) Kuvomereza
Onetsetsani kuti zinthu zogawiramo zinthu zili bwino. Ngati malo ogwirira ntchito afika pamlingo woyenera. Ngati zipangizo zonse m'dera lililonse zingagwire ntchito bwino, ndi zina zotero.
3. Kusankha zipangizo zokongoletsa chipinda choyera
Zipangizo zokongoletsa mkati:
(1) Chinyezi cha matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipinda choyera sichiyenera kupitirira 16% ndipo sichiyenera kuonekera panja. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mpweya pafupipafupi komanso chinyezi chochepa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi, ngati matabwa ambiri agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi osavuta kuumitsa, kupotoza, kumasula, kupanga fumbi, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'deralo, ndipo mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri ndi chinyezi ayenera kuchitidwa.
(2) Kawirikawiri, ngati matabwa a gypsum akufunika m'chipinda choyera, matabwa a gypsum osalowa madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, chifukwa malo ochitira zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri amatsukidwa ndi madzi ndikutsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ngakhale matabwa a gypsum osalowa madzi amakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi ndi kuwonongeka ndipo sangathe kutsukidwa. Chifukwa chake, zanenedwa kuti malo ochitira zinthu zachilengedwe sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito gypsum board ngati chophimba.
(3) Zipinda zosiyanasiyana zoyera ziyeneranso kuganizira zosowa zosiyanasiyana za munthu aliyense posankha zinthu zokongoletsera zamkati.
(4) Chipinda choyera nthawi zambiri chimafuna kupukuta pafupipafupi. Kuwonjezera pa kupukuta ndi madzi, madzi ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mowa, ndi zinthu zina zosungunulira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Madzi awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mankhwala enaake ndipo amachititsa kuti pamwamba pa zinthu zina pasinthe mtundu wake ndikugwa. Izi ziyenera kuchitika musanapukute ndi madzi. Zipangizo zokongoletsa zimakhala ndi mankhwala enaake otsutsana ndi mankhwala.
(5) Zipinda zoyera zachilengedwe monga zipinda zochitira opaleshoni nthawi zambiri zimayika jenereta ya O3 kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda otupa. O3 (ozone) ndi mpweya wamphamvu wopangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonjezeke komanso ziwonongeke womwe umathandizira kuti zinthu ziwonjezeke komanso kuti zisawonongeke, makamaka zitsulo, komanso zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale poyatsira ndikusintha mtundu chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa, kotero mtundu uwu wa chipinda choyera umafuna kuti zinthu zake zokongoletsera zikhale ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kuipitsidwa.
Zipangizo zokongoletsa khoma:
(1) Kulimba kwa matailosi a Ceramic: Matailosi a Ceramic sadzasweka, kupotoza, kapena kuyamwa dothi kwa nthawi yayitali atayikidwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta iyi kuti muweruze: inki yodontha kumbuyo kwa chinthucho ndikuwona ngati inkiyo ikufalikira yokha. Kawirikawiri, inkiyo ikafalikira pang'onopang'ono, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachepa, khalidwe lake lamkati limakhala labwino, komanso kulimba kwa chinthucho kumakhala bwino. M'malo mwake, kulimba kwa chinthucho kumakhala koipa.
(2) Pulasitiki yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya pakhoma: Pulasitiki yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya pakhoma yagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zingapo zoyera. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'zipinda zothandizira ndi m'njira zoyera komanso m'zigawo zina zomwe zili ndi ukhondo wochepa. Pulasitiki yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya pakhoma imagwiritsa ntchito njira zomatira pakhoma ndi malo olumikizirana. Njira yolumikira yolimba imafanana ndi mapepala omatira. Chifukwa chakuti ndi yomatira, nthawi yake yogwira ntchito si yayitali, ndi yosavuta kupotoza ndi kutupa ikakumana ndi chinyezi, ndipo nthawi zambiri zokongoletsera zake zimakhala zochepa, ndipo nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yochepa.
(3) Mapanelo okongoletsera: Mapanelo okongoletsera, omwe amadziwika kuti mapanelo, amapangidwa mwa kupala bwino matabwa olimba kukhala ma veneer owonda okhala ndi makulidwe a pafupifupi 0.2mm, pogwiritsa ntchito plywood ngati maziko, ndipo amapangidwa kudzera mu njira yomatira yokhala ndi mbali imodzi yokongoletsera.
(4) Mapepala achitsulo a ubweya wa miyala osapsa moto komanso oteteza kutentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madenga ndi makoma opachikidwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mapanelo a masangweji a ubweya wa miyala: mapanelo a masangweji a ubweya wa miyala opangidwa ndi makina ndi mapanelo a masangweji a ubweya wa miyala opangidwa ndi manja. Nthawi zambiri kusankha mapanelo a masangweji a ubweya wa miyala opangidwa ndi makina kuti akongoletsedwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-22-2024