Malo a chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito zida zoziziritsira mpweya wokwanira chomwe chimagwira ntchito m'chipinda choyera cha chipatala ayenera kutsimikiziridwa mwa kuwunika kwathunthu kwa zinthu zingapo. Mfundo ziwiri zazikulu—pafupi ndi kudzipatula—ziyenera kutsogolera chisankhocho. Chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito zida chiyenera kukhala pafupi momwe zingathere ndi madera oyera (monga zipinda zogwirira ntchito, ma ICU, malo oyeretsera mpweya) kuti achepetse kutalika kwa mpweya woperekedwa ndi wobwerera. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukana kwa mpweya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kusunga mpweya woyenera komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina, ndikusunga ndalama zomangira. Kuphatikiza apo, chipindacho chiyenera kuchotsedwa bwino kuti kugwedezeka, phokoso ndi fumbi zisawononge malo olamulidwa a chipinda choyera cha chipatala.
Kafukufuku wa zochitika zenizeni akugogomezeranso kufunika koyika bwino chipinda cha zida za HVAC. Mwachitsanzo,Pulojekiti yoyeretsa chipinda cha mankhwala ku USA, yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka ISO 8 ka modular ka makontena awiri, ndiPulojekiti yoyeretsa zipinda zamagetsi ku Latvia, yoyikidwa bwino mkati mwa nyumba yomwe ilipo kale, zonse zikusonyeza momwe kapangidwe ka HVAC koganizira bwino komanso kukonzekera kodzipatula kulili kofunikira kuti zipinda zikhale zoyera bwino komanso zapamwamba.
1. Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Mu chipinda choyera cha chipatala, chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito zida (mafani a nyumba, zida zogwiritsira ntchito mpweya, mapampu, ndi zina zotero) chiyenera kukhala pafupi ndi malo oyera momwe zingathere (monga OR suites, zipinda za ICU, ma lab osagwiritsidwa ntchito). Kutalika kwa ducts zazifupi kumachepetsa kutayika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso kumathandiza kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino komanso ukhondo m'malo opumulirako. Ubwino uwu umathandiza kuti makina azigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito—zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito zomanga nyumba za chipatala.
2. Kudzipatula Mogwira Mtima
Chofunikanso ndi kulekanitsa bwino chipinda cha zida za HVAC kuchokera kumalo oyera. Zipangizo monga mafani kapena ma mota zimapangitsa kugwedezeka, phokoso ndipo zimatha kutulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono touluka ngati sitinatsekedwe bwino kapena kutetezedwa. Kuonetsetsa kuti chipinda cha zida sichikusokoneza ukhondo kapena chitonthozo cha chipinda choyera cha chipatala ndikofunikira. Njira zodzipatula zimaphatikizapo:
➤Kulekanitsa Kapangidwe: monga malo olumikizirana, makoma awiri, kapena malo osungiramo zinthu pakati pa chipinda cha HVAC ndi chipinda choyera.
➤Malo Ogawikana/Ofalikira: kuyika zida zazing'ono zoyendetsera mpweya padenga, pamwamba pa denga, kapena pansi pa nyumba kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka ndi kusamutsa phokoso.
➤Nyumba Yodziyimira Payokha ya HVAC: Nthawi zina, chipinda cha zida chimakhala chosiyana ndi chipinda chachikulu choyera; izi zitha kulola kuti ntchito zitheke mosavuta komanso kusungitsa malo, ngakhale kuti kuletsa madzi, kulamulira kugwedezeka ndi kusungitsa malo omveka ziyenera kuthetsedwa mosamala.
3. Kukonza Madera ndi Mawonekedwe Okhala ndi Zigawo
Kapangidwe koyenera ka zipinda zoyera za chipatala ndi "malo ozizira/otenthetsera pakati + malo ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wozungulira" m'malo mwa chipinda chimodzi chachikulu chapakati chomwe chimatumikira madera onse. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandizira kusinthasintha kwa makina, kumalola kuwongolera komweko, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuzimitsidwa kwa malo onse, komanso kumathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Mwachitsanzo, pulojekiti ya USA yoyeretsa chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zili mu makontena ikuwonetsa momwe zida ndi mapangidwe azinthu zingathandizire kuyika zinthu mwachangu pamene zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za HVAC zoning.
4. Zoganizira Zapadera za Malo
-Malo Oyera Kwambiri (monga, Malo Ochitira Ntchito, ICU):
Pa zipinda zoyera kwambiri za m'zipatala izi, ndi bwino kuika chipinda cha zida za HVAC m'chipinda cholumikizirana chaukadaulo (pamwamba pa denga), kapena m'dera lothandizira lapafupi lolekanitsidwa ndi chipinda cholumikizirana. Ngati chipinda cholumikizirana chaukadaulo sichingatheke, munthu akhoza kuyika chipinda cha zida kumapeto kwina kwa chipinda chomwecho, ndi malo othandizira (ofesi, malo osungira) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizirana/kusintha.
-Malo Onse (Malo Operekera Chithandizo, Malo Operekera Chithandizo Chakunja):
Pa madera akuluakulu komanso osafunikira kwenikweni, chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito zida chingakhale m'chipinda chapansi (mayunitsi ofalikira pansi) kapena padenga (mayunitsi ofalikira pamwamba pa denga). Malo awa amathandiza kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi phokoso m'malo odwala ndi ogwira ntchito pamene akusamalirabe malo ambiri.
5. Tsatanetsatane wa Zaukadaulo ndi Chitetezo
Mosasamala kanthu za komwe chipinda cha zipangizo chili, chitetezo china chaukadaulo ndi chofunikira:
➤Kuteteza madzi ndi ngalande, makamaka pa zipinda za HVAC za padenga kapena pansi lapamwamba, kuti madzi asalowe zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito zoyeretsa zipinda.
➤Maziko odzipatula a kugwedezeka, monga mabuloko a konkriti osagwedezeka pamodzi ndi zomangira zogwedera pansi pa mafani, mapampu, ma chiller, ndi zina zotero.
➤Kukonza mawu: zitseko zotchingira mawu, mapanelo onyamulira, mafelemu olumikizana kuti achepetse kusamutsa phokoso m'malo oyeretsera zipatala.
➤Kutseka mpweya ndi kuletsa fumbi: Ma duct, malo olowera ndi mapanelo olowera ayenera kutsekedwa kuti fumbi lisalowe; kapangidwe kake kayenera kuchepetsa njira zomwe zingawononge mpweya.
Mapeto
Kusankha malo oyenera a chipinda choyeretsera mpweya kumafuna kuganizira bwino zosowa za polojekiti, kapangidwe ka nyumba, ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito. Cholinga chachikulu ndikukwaniritsa dongosolo la HVAC logwira ntchito bwino, losunga mphamvu, komanso lopanda phokoso lomwe limatsimikizira malo oyeretsera okhazikika komanso ogwirizana ndi malamulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-10-2025