Pakukongoletsa chipinda choyera cha mankhwala cha GMP, dongosolo la HVAC ndilofunika kwambiri. Tinganene kuti kaya kuwongolera chilengedwe cha chipinda choyera kungakwaniritse zofunikira makamaka kumadalira dongosolo la HVAC. Dongosolo la kutentha mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya woziziritsa (HVAC) limatchedwanso dongosolo la mpweya woziziritsa m'chipinda choyera cha mankhwala cha GMP. Dongosolo la HVAC makamaka limagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wolowa m'chipinda ndipo limayang'anira kutentha kwa mpweya, chinyezi, tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi zizindikiro zina za malo opangira mankhwala kuti zitsimikizire kuti magawo achilengedwe akukwaniritsa zofunikira za khalidwe la mankhwala ndikupewa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya pamene akupereka malo abwino kwa ogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, machitidwe a HVAC a chipinda choyera cha mankhwala amathanso kuchepetsa ndikuletsa zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala pa anthu panthawi yopanga, ndikuteteza chilengedwe chozungulira.
Kapangidwe konse ka makina oyeretsera mpweya woziziritsa
Gawo lonse la makina oyeretsera mpweya ndi zigawo zake ziyenera kupangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zachilengedwe. Gawoli makamaka limaphatikizapo magawo ogwira ntchito monga kutentha, kuziziritsa, kunyowetsa chinyezi, kuchotsa chinyezi, ndi kusefa. Zina zimaphatikizapo mafani otulutsa utsi, mafani obweza mpweya, makina obwezeretsa mphamvu ya kutentha, ndi zina zotero. Sipayenera kukhala zinthu zogwa mkati mwa dongosolo la HVAC, ndipo mipata iyenera kukhala yaying'ono momwe zingathere kuti fumbi lisaunjikane. Makina a HVAC ayenera kukhala osavuta kuyeretsa ndi kupirira kupopera ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
1. Mtundu wa makina a HVAC
Makina oyeretsera mpweya amatha kugawidwa m'magawo a DC air conditioner ndi recirculation air conditioner. DC air conditioner imatumiza mpweya wakunja wokonzedwa womwe ungakwaniritse zofunikira za malo m'chipinda, kenako n’kutulutsa mpweya wonse. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino wonse wakunja. Recirculation air conditioner system, kutanthauza kuti, mpweya woyera m'chipinda umasakanizidwa ndi gawo la mpweya wabwino wakunja wokonzedwa komanso gawo la mpweya wobwerera kuchokera m'chipinda choyera. Popeza recirculation air conditioner system ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi ndalama zochepa zoyambira komanso ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito, recirculation air conditioner system iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera momwe zingathere popanga makina oyeretsera mpweya. Mpweya m'malo ena apadera opangira sungabwezeretsedwenso, monga chipinda choyera (malo) komwe fumbi limatuluka panthawi yopanga, ndipo kuipitsidwa sikungapeweke ngati mpweya wamkati wakonzedwa; organic solvents amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, ndipo kuchulukana kwa mpweya kungayambitse kuphulika kapena moto ndi njira zoopsa; madera ogwirira ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda; madera opangira mankhwala owopsa; njira zopangira zomwe zimapanga zinthu zambiri zovulaza, fungo kapena mpweya woipa panthawi yopanga.
Malo opangira mankhwala nthawi zambiri amatha kugawidwa m'malo angapo okhala ndi ukhondo wosiyanasiyana. Malo osiyanasiyana oyera ayenera kukhala ndi mayunitsi odziyimira pawokha ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya. Makina aliwonse oziziritsira mpweya amalekanitsidwa kuti apewe kuipitsidwa pakati pa zinthu. Mayunitsi odziyimira pawokha ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira kapena madera osiyanasiyana kuti alekanitse zinthu zovulaza kudzera mu kusefa mpweya mwamphamvu ndikuletsa kuipitsidwa kudzera mu makina olumikizira mpweya, monga malo opangira, malo othandizira opangira, malo osungira, malo oyang'anira, ndi zina zotero. ayenera kukhala ndi makina osiyana ogwiritsira ntchito mpweya. Kwa madera opangira omwe ali ndi kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa ntchito kapena nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zofunikira pakulamulira kutentha ndi chinyezi, makina oziziritsira mpweya ayeneranso kukhazikitsidwa padera.
2. Ntchito ndi miyeso
(1). Kutentha ndi kuziziritsa
Malo opangira zinthu ayenera kusinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira pakupanga. Ngati palibe zofunikira zapadera pakupanga mankhwala, kutentha kwa zipinda zoyera za Class C ndi Class D kumatha kulamulidwa pa 18 ~ 26 °C, ndipo kutentha kwa zipinda zoyera za Class A ndi Class B kumatha kulamulidwa pa 20 ~ 24 °C. Mu makina oziziritsira mpweya m'chipinda choyera, ma coil otentha ndi ozizira okhala ndi zipsepse zotenthetsera kutentha, kutentha kwamagetsi a tubular, ndi zina zotero zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha ndi kuziziritsa mpweya, ndikusamalira mpweya kutentha komwe kumafunikira m'chipinda choyera. Ngati mpweya wabwino uli wambiri, kutentha kwa mpweya watsopano kuyenera kuganiziridwa kuti kupewe kuzizira kwa ma coil otsika. Kapena gwiritsani ntchito zosungunulira zotentha ndi zozizira, monga madzi otentha ndi ozizira, nthunzi yodzaza, ethylene glycol, ma refrigerant osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero. Posankha zosungunulira zotentha ndi zozizira, zofunikira pa kutentha kwa mpweya kapena kuzizira, zofunikira zaukhondo, mtundu wa malonda, ndalama, ndi zina zotero. Sankhani kutengera mtengo ndi zinthu zina.
(2). Kunyowetsa ndi kuchotsa chinyezi m'thupi
Chinyezi cha chipinda choyera chiyenera kugwirizana ndi zofunikira pakupanga mankhwala, ndipo malo opangira mankhwala ndi chitonthozo cha ogwira ntchito ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Ngati palibe zofunikira zapadera pakupanga mankhwala, chinyezi cha malo oyera a Class C ndi Class D chimayendetsedwa pa 45% mpaka 65%, ndipo chinyezi cha malo oyera a Class A ndi Class B chimayendetsedwa pa 45% mpaka 60%.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa wosabala kapena zinthu zambiri zolimba zimafuna malo opangira chinyezi chochepa. Zotsukira chinyezi ndi zoziziritsira zitha kuganiziridwa kuti zichotse chinyezi. Chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri zogulira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kutentha kwa mame nthawi zambiri kumafunika kutsika kuposa 5°C. Malo opangira chinyezi chochuluka amatha kusungidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nthunzi ya fakitale, nthunzi yeniyeni yokonzedwa kuchokera ku madzi oyera, kapena kudzera mu chotsukira chinyezi cha nthunzi. Ngati chipinda choyera chili ndi zofunikira za chinyezi, mpweya wakunja nthawi yachilimwe uyenera kuziziritsidwa ndi choziziritsira kenako n’kutenthedwa ndi chotenthetsera kuti chisinthe chinyezi. Ngati magetsi osasunthika amkati akufunika kuwongoleredwa, chinyezi chiyenera kuganiziridwa m’malo ozizira kapena ouma.
(3). Sefa
Chiwerengero cha tinthu ta fumbi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wobwerera chingachepe pang'ono kudzera mu zosefera mu HVAC system, zomwe zimathandiza kuti malo opangira zinthu akwaniritse zofunikira zaukhondo wabwinobwino. Mu makina oyeretsera mpweya, kusefera mpweya nthawi zambiri kumagawidwa m'magawo atatu: kusefera, kusefera kwapakati ndi kusefera kwa hepa. Gawo lililonse limagwiritsa ntchito zosefera za zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Chosefera choyambirira ndi chotsika kwambiri ndipo chimayikidwa kumayambiriro kwa chipangizo choyendetsera mpweya. Chimatha kugwira tinthu tambiri mumlengalenga (kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono pamwamba pa ma micron atatu). Chosefera chapakati chili pansi pa fyuluta yoyamba ndipo chimayikidwa pakati pa chipangizo choyendetsera mpweya komwe mpweya wobwerera umalowa. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira tinthu tating'onoting'ono (kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono pamwamba pa ma micron 0.3). Chosefera chomaliza chili mu gawo lotulutsa mpweya, lomwe lingathe kusunga payipi yoyera ndikuwonjezera moyo wa fyuluta yotsirizira.
Ngati mulingo wa ukhondo wa chipinda choyera uli wokwera, fyuluta ya hepa imayikidwa pansi pa kusefa komaliza ngati chipangizo chosefera. Chipangizo chosefera cha terminal chili kumapeto kwa chipangizo chogwirira mpweya ndipo chimayikidwa padenga kapena pakhoma la chipindacho. Chingathe kutsimikizira kuti mpweya woyera ukupezeka ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula kapena kutumiza tinthu tomwe timatulutsidwa m'chipinda choyera, monga chipinda choyera cha Class B kapena maziko a chipinda choyera cha Class A mu Class B.
(4) .Kulamulira kuthamanga
Zipinda zambiri zoyera zimakhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira, pomwe chipinda cholowera ku chipinda choyerachi chimasunga mphamvu yocheperako komanso yotsika, mpaka pamlingo woyambira wa malo osalamulirika (nyumba zonse). Kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa malo oyera ndi malo osayera komanso pakati pa malo oyera okhala ndi milingo yosiyana sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 10 Pa. Ngati pakufunika, mphamvu yokwanira iyeneranso kusungidwa pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito (zipinda zogwirira ntchito) okhala ndi mulingo wofanana wa ukhondo. Kupanikizika koyenera komwe kumasungidwa m'chipinda choyera kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka kuposa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka kumatha kusintha kusiyana kwa mphamvu pakati pa chipinda chilichonse. Kupanga mankhwala apadera, monga mankhwala a penicillin, malo ogwirira ntchito omwe amapanga fumbi lalikulu kuyenera kusunga mphamvu yocheperako.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-19-2023