MABANJA ASANU OFUNIKA KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO CHIPINDA CHOYERA

Monga malo olamulidwa bwino, zipinda zoyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri apamwamba. Mwa kupereka malo oyera kwambiri, ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a zinthu zimatsimikizika, kuipitsa ndi zolakwika zimachepetsedwa, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa kupanga kumawonjezeka. Kapangidwe ndi kasamalidwe ka zipinda zoyera m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuyenera kuchitika malinga ndi zosowa ndi miyezo inayake kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zaukhondo. Izi ndi malo asanu akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito zipinda zoyera:

Chipinda choyera chamagetsi

Kupanga ma semiconductor ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zipinda zoyera. Njira zopangira ma chip, monga photolithography, etching, thin film deposition ndi njira zina, zimakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri paukhondo wa chilengedwe. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi tingayambitse ma short circuits kapena mavuto ena mu ma chip. Mwachitsanzo, popanga ma chips okhala ndi njira ya 28 nanometers ndi pansi, ndikofunikira kuchita m'zipinda zoyera za ISO 3-ISO 4 kuti muwonetsetse kuti chip ndi chabwino. Kupanga ma liquid crystal displays (LCDs) ndi organic light-emitting diode diode diode diode diode (OLEDs) sikusiyananso ndi zipinda zoyera. Pakupanga ma screens awa, monga liquid crystal perfusion, organic material coating ndi ma link ena, malo oyera amathandiza kupewa zolakwika monga ma pixel akufa ndi mawanga owala pazenera.

Chipinda choyera cha mankhwala

Makampani opanga mankhwala ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zipinda zoyera. Kaya ndi kupanga mankhwala a mankhwala kapena mankhwala achilengedwe, maulalo onse kuyambira pakupanga zinthu zopangira mpaka kuyika mankhwala ayenera kuchitika pamalo oyera. Makamaka, kupanga mankhwala osabala, monga jakisoni ndi mankhwala ophera maso, kumafuna kuwongolera kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kupanga zida zamankhwala, monga zida zamankhwala zobzalidwa m'mizere ndi zida zochitira opaleshoni, kumatha kupangidwa m'chipinda choyera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipangizozo sizili zoyera komanso zopanda tinthu tating'onoting'ono, potero kuonetsetsa kuti odwala ali otetezeka. Zipinda zochitira opaleshoni kuchipatala, zipinda zosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU), zipinda zoyera, ndi zina zotero zili m'gulu la zipinda zoyera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa matenda a odwala.

Chipinda choyeretsa ndege

Kukonza ndi kusonkhanitsa bwino zida za ndege kumafuna malo oyera m'chipinda. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza masamba a injini ya ndege, tinthu ting'onoting'ono tosafunika tingayambitse zolakwika pamwamba pa masambawo, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo cha injini. Kusonkhanitsa zida zamagetsi ndi zida zowunikira mu zida za ndege kuyeneranso kuchitika pamalo oyera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zidazo zitha kugwira ntchito bwino pamalo ovuta kwambiri.

Chipinda chotsukira chakudya

Pa zakudya zina zamtengo wapatali komanso zotha kuwonongeka, monga mkaka wa makanda ndi zakudya zouma mufiriji, ukadaulo wa chipinda choyera umathandiza kukulitsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu ndikuonetsetsa kuti chakudya chili chotetezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda choyera m'mabokosi a chakudya kungateteze kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikusunga chakudyacho kukhala chabwino.

Chipinda choyeretsa chopangidwa bwino

Pakukonza makina molondola, monga kupanga mawotchi apamwamba komanso ma bearing olondola kwambiri, zipinda zoyera zimatha kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa fumbi pazigawo zolondola ndikuwonjezera kulondola kwa chinthucho komanso nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa zida zamagetsi, monga magalasi a photolithography ndi magalasi a telescope a zakuthambo, kumatha kupewa kukanda, kuphulika ndi zolakwika zina pamwamba pa magalasi pamalo oyera kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuwala kukugwira ntchito bwino.