Ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo wopanga ndi zofunikira pa khalidwe, zofunikira zoyera komanso zopanda fumbi m'maofesi ambiri opangira zinthu zafika pang'onopang'ono m'masomphenya a anthu. Masiku ano, mafakitale ambiri akhazikitsa mapulojekiti oyeretsa zipinda opanda fumbi, omwe amatha kuchotsa (kulamulira) zoipitsa ndi fumbi mumlengalenga ndikupanga malo oyera komanso omasuka. Mapulojekiti oyeretsa zipinda amaonekera kwambiri m'ma laboratories, chakudya, zodzoladzola, zipinda zogwirira ntchito, ma semiconductor amagetsi, biopharmaceuticals, ma workshop oyeretsa a GMP, zida zamankhwala, ndi zina.
Chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi chimatanthauza kutulutsa zinthu zoipitsa monga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mpweya woipa, ndi mabakiteriya mumlengalenga mkati mwa malo enaake, komanso kutentha kwa mkati, ukhondo, kuthamanga kwa mkati, liwiro la kuyenda kwa mpweya ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya, phokoso, kugwedezeka, kuwala, ndi magetsi osasinthasintha. Chipinda chopangidwa mwapadera chimayendetsedwa mkati mwa zofunikira zinazake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mosasamala kanthu za momwe mpweya wakunja ungasinthire, mawonekedwe ake amkati amatha kusunga zofunikira zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa poyamba za ukhondo, kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuthamanga.
Ndiye ndi malo ati omwe chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito?
Chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi cha mafakitale chimayang'ana kwambiri kulamulira tinthu topanda moyo. Chimayang'anira makamaka kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito ndi tinthu ta fumbi la mpweya, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi kupanikizika kwabwino mkati. Ndikoyenera makampani opanga makina olondola, makampani amagetsi (semiconductors, ma circuits ophatikizidwa, ndi zina zotero) makampani opanga ndege, makampani opanga mankhwala oyeretsa kwambiri, makampani opanga mphamvu za atomiki, makampani opanga zinthu za opto-magnetic (optical disc, film, tepi production) LCD (liquid crystal glass), computer hard disk, computer magnetic head production ndi mafakitale ena ambiri. Chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi cha biopharmaceutical chimayang'anira kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito ndi tinthu tamoyo (mabakiteriya) ndi tinthu topanda moyo (fumbi). Chingagawanso m'magulu awa: A. Chipinda choyera chachilengedwe: chimayang'anira makamaka kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu za microbial (bacterial). Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zake zamkati ziyenera kukhala zotha kupirira kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera, ndipo kupanikizika kwabwino nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsimikizika mkati. Kwenikweni chipinda choyera cha mafakitale chomwe zinthu zake zamkati ziyenera kukhala zotha kupirira njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera. Zitsanzo: mafakitale opanga mankhwala, zipatala (zipinda zochitira opaleshoni, zipinda zoyeretsera), chakudya, zodzoladzola, kupanga zakumwa, malo ochitira kafukufuku wa ziweto, malo ochitira kafukufuku wa thupi ndi mankhwala, malo oika magazi, ndi zina zotero. B. Chitetezo cha zamoyo Chipinda choyera: chimawongolera kuipitsidwa kwa tinthu tamoyo ta zinthu zogwirira ntchito kupita kudziko lakunja ndi anthu. Mkati mwake muyenera kukhala ndi mpweya woipa. Zitsanzo: Bacteriology, biology, labotale yoyera, physical engineering (majini ophatikizana, kukonzekera katemera).
Machenjezo apadera: Kodi mungalowe bwanji m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi?
1. Antchito, alendo ndi makontrakitala omwe sanaloledwe kulowa ndi kutuluka mchipinda choyera chopanda fumbi ayenera kulembetsa ndi ogwira ntchito oyenerera kuti alowe mchipinda choyera chopanda fumbi ndipo ayenera kutsagana ndi ogwira ntchito oyenerera asanalowe.
2. Aliyense amene amalowa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi kuntchito kapena kukacheza ayenera kuvala zovala, zipewa, ndi nsapato zopanda fumbi motsatira malamulo asanalowe m'chipinda choyera, ndipo sayenera kukonza zovala zopanda fumbi, ndi zina zotero m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi.
3. Katundu wa munthu (matumba a m'manja, mabuku, ndi zina zotero) ndi zida zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi siziloledwa kubweretsedwa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi popanda chilolezo cha woyang'anira chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi; mabuku ofotokozera ndi zida ziyenera kusungidwa nthawi yomweyo mutagwiritsa ntchito.
4. Zipangizo zopangira zikalowa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi, ziyenera kuchotsedwamo kaye ndikupukutidwa panja, kenako nkuyikidwa mu shawa yotenthetsera katundu ndikubweretsedwa.
5. Chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi komanso malo ogwirira ntchito ndi malo osasuta fodya. Ngati mukusuta, muyenera kusuta ndi kutsuka pakamwa panu musanalowe m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi.
6. Mu chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi, simuloledwa kudya, kumwa, kusangalala, kapena kuchita zinthu zina zosagwirizana ndi kupanga.
7. Anthu amene amalowa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi ayenera kusunga matupi awo oyera, kutsuka tsitsi lawo pafupipafupi, ndipo saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta onunkhira ndi zodzoladzola.
8. Kabudula, nsapato zoyendera, ndi masokosi siziloledwa polowa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi.
9. Mafoni a m'manja, makiyi, ndi zoyatsira moto siziloledwa kulowa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi ndipo ziyenera kuyikidwa m'mabokosi a zovala zaumwini.
10. Osati antchito saloledwa kulowa m'chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi popanda chilolezo.
11. N'koletsedwa kotheratu kubwereka ziphaso zakanthawi za anthu ena kapena kubweretsa antchito osaloledwa m'chipinda chopanda fumbi.
12. Ogwira ntchito onse ayenera kuyeretsa malo awo ogwirira ntchito motsatira malamulo asanapite kuntchito ndi kubwerako.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-03-2023