Chiyambi
Chipinda choyera ndiye maziko a kuwonongeka. Popanda chipinda choyera, magawo osokoneza bongo sangapangidwe kwambiri. Mu FED-std-2, chipinda choyera chimafotokozedwa ngati chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wosewerera, zomwe zimapangitsa, zida zogwirira ntchito ndi zida zogwirizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa gawo loyenerera.
Kuti tikwaniritse ukhondo wabwino m'chipinda choyera, ndikofunikira kuti musangoyang'ana njira zoyenga bwino, komanso zomwe zimafunikira, zomanga ndi zina mwazinthu zokhazokha, komanso kapangidwe kake koyenera Ndipo kukhazikitsa molingana ndi zojambulazo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito koyenera kuchipinda choyera ndi kukonza kwa sayansi ndi kasamalidwe. Kuti mukwaniritse zabwino m'chipinda choyera, malipoti ambiri apanyumba komanso achilendo afotokozedwa kuchokera ku malingaliro osiyanasiyana. M'malo mwake, nkovuta kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa maudindo osiyanasiyana, ndipo ndizovuta kuti opanga azitha kuzindikira mtundu wa zomangamanga komanso kukhazikitsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kasamalidwe kameneka. Monga momwe oyeretsera oyera akhazikitsire anthu ambiri, opanga, kapena ngakhale magulu omanga, nthawi zambiri samalabadiratu pazofunikira, zomwe zimadzetsa mphamvu zosakwanira. Nkhaniyi imangofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mikhalidwe inayi yofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zoyeretsa m'chipinda choyera.
1. Ukhondo wa mpweya
Kuonetsetsa kuti ukhondo wa mpweya umakumana ndi zofunikira, chinsinsi chake ndi ntchito ndikuyika pa fyuluta yomaliza ya pulota.
Kusankha kusankha
Fyuluta yomaliza ya dongosolo loyeretsa nthawi zambiri imakhala yophweka kapena sululu ya hepa. Malinga ndi miyezo ya dziko langa, kuchita bwino kwa zosefera za hepa kumagawidwa m'magulu anayi: kalasi a ≥99.9%, kalasi ≥ ndi (kwa tinthu) ≥999.999 % (yomwe imadziwikanso ngati spa-hepa); Zosefera sub-hepa ndizo (za tinthu ≥0.5μm) 95 ~ 99.9%. Mphamvu yapamwamba, yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, posankha Fyuluta, sitiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mpweya, komanso taonaninso zachuma.
Kuchokera pakuwona zofuna zaukhondo, mfundo yake ndikugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zotsika kwambiri kuti zipinda zochepetsetsa zotsika komanso zosefera kwambiri zipinda zoyera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zofananira ndi zosefera kwambiri zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miliyoni imodzi; supa-hepa kapena kalasi yosefera Supa ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso pansipa 10,000; Zosefera mamale timagwiritsidwa ntchito pasukulu 10,000 mpaka 100; Ndipo zosefera Class C zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa 100 mpaka 1. Zikuwoneka kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya zosefera kuti musankhe mulingo uliwonse waukhondo. Ngati mungasankhe zosefera kwambiri kapena zosefera zotsika zimatengera zochitika: pomwe kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kwakukulu, kapena gawo lakumapeto kwake ndi lalikulu, kapena chipinda choyera chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri ndipo chimafunikira chinthu chachikulu kwambiri, mu izi kapena chimodzi Mwa milandu, zosefera zapamwamba ziyenera kusankhidwa; Kupanda kutero, zosefera zotsika zomwe zingasankhidwe. Kwa zipinda zoyera zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera kwa 0,1μm tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kalasi ya kalasi ya kalasi iyenera kusankhidwa mosasamala kanthu za tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndizongotsatira za mawonekedwe a Fyuluta. M'malo mwake, kusankha fayilo yabwino, muyenera kuganiziranso za chipinda choyera, Fyuluta, ndi chiyeretso.
Kukhazikitsa
Kuti muwonetsetse ukhondo wa mpweya, sikokwanira kukhala ndi zosefera zoyenerera zokha, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti: a. Fyuluta siyowonongeka pakuyenda ndi kukhazikitsa; b. Kukhazikitsa ndi kolimba. Kuti mukwaniritse mfundo yoyamba, zomangamanga ndi kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa ziyenera kukhala zophunzitsidwa bwino, ndi chidziwitso chonse chokhazikitsa ziyeso zotsukira komanso luso la maluso aluso. Kupanda kutero, zingakhale zovuta kuwonetsetsa kuti Fyuluta siyikuwonongeka. Pali maphunziro akulu pankhaniyi. Kachiwiri, vuto la kuyika magetsi makamaka limatengera mtundu wa kapangidwe kake. Buku Lopanga nthawi zambiri limalimbikitsa: Kwa fyuluta imodzi, mtundu wotseguka umagwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero kuti ngakhale kutathana kumachitika, sikudzatayira m'chipindacho; Kugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa lomalizidwa, kulimbanso ndikosavuta kuwonetsetsa. Kwa mpweya wa zosefera angapo, kusindikiza kwa gel gel ndi zovuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Chisindikizo cha Gel chikuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti cholumikizira cham'madzi chimakhala cholimba komanso chimango chonse chimakhala chofanana ndi ndege yopingasa. Kusindikizidwa kolakwika ndikupanga zoseweretsa zakunja kwa pakati pa fyuluta ndi bokosi lokhazikika komanso chimango chopanikizika. Monga kukhazikitsa mtundu wotseguka, ngakhale pakakhala kutaya, sikungotuta m'chipindacho. M'malo mwake, bola ngati kukhazikitsa kwathyathyathya ndi nkhope ya FUFIOMI ikukhudzana ndikukhazikitsa, ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kupanga zosewerera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zokhazikitsa mu mtundu uliwonse.
2. Gulu la ndege
Gulu lankhondo loyera limakhala losiyana ndi chipinda cholumikizira mpweya. Zimafunika kuti mpweya wovala bwino uperekedwa kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito. Ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zidakonzedwa. Kuti izi zitheke, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kulingaliridwa posankha mpweya wabwino: Chepetsani mafunde a Eddy kupewa kubweretsa kuipitsidwa kuchokera kunja kwa ntchito; Yesetsani kupewa fumbi lachiwiri likuuluka kuti muchepetse mwayi wodzayipitsidwa. Kufuulira mu ntchito kuyenera kukhala yunifolomu momwe mungathere, ndipo liwiro lake liyenera kukwaniritsa njira ndi ukhondo. Pomwe mpweya umayenda kupita ku malo ogulitsira mpweya, fumbi mlengalenga liyenera kuchotsedwa. Sankhani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya ndikubwezera mosintha molingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana.
Mabungwe osiyana a ndege ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi ma scops:
(1). Kuyenda kosasunthika kosagwirizana
Kuphatikiza pa maubwino omwe amapezeka motsika kwambiri, kuwongolera dongosolo la zida, luso lodziyeretsa mwamphamvu, njira zodziwika bwino monga zabwino zake: Zosefera za hepa zimakhala ndi zabwino zokana kwambiri komanso zosefera zazitali zosintha, koma mtengo wodetsa ndi wovuta ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwezeka; Ubwino wa ndi zovuta za zosefera zapamwamba za hepa zophimbidwa ndi zotupa zopitilira muyeso ndizosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimasefa kwambiri. Pakati pawo, zopereka zapamwamba kwambiri ndizosavuta kudziunjikira fumbi pamtengo wamkati pomwe makinawo sakugwira ntchito mosalekeza, ndipo kusautsa koyenera kumakhudza ukhondo; Kuchepetsa kwapamwamba kwambiri kumafunikira malo osakanikirana, motero ndi koyenera kwa zipinda zazitali zapamwamba kuposa 4m, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana ndi dzenje lapamwamba kwambiri; Njira yobwezera mpweya wokhala ndi grilles mbali zonse ziwiri ndi zotulukapo zobwerera pansi pomwepo m'makoma otsutsana ndi kokha kwa zipinda zosakwana 6m mbali zonse ziwiri; Ogulitsa mpweya wobwerera pansi amakonzedwa pansi pa khoma limodzi ndioyenera kuvala zipinda zoyera ndi mtunda waung'ono pakati pa khoma (monga ≤ <2m).
(2). Kuyenda mopanda malire
Malo oyamba ogwirira ntchitoyo amatha kufikira ukhondo wa 100. Mphewa ikapita kutsidya lina, fumbi limachuluka. Chifukwa chake, ndizoyenera kwa zipinda zoyera zokhala ndi ukhondo wosiyana ndi zomwezo m'chipinda chimodzi. Kugawidwa kwam'deralo kwa SPA zosefera pakhoma la mpweya kumachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera kwa hepa ndikusunga ndalama zoyambirira.
(3). Chovuta kuphedwa
Makhalidwe a Kutumiza Kwapamwamba kwa Mafuta a Olicles ndi Kutumiza Kwapamwamba Kwambiri Ndi Zofanana Ndi Zomwe Zatchulidwa Zapamwambatu Ndi Zosavuta Kukonza Mapaipi, Mtengo Wosavuta, Mtengo Wotsika, Ndi Kutentha Kwambiri . Zoyipa zake ndizakuti kuthamanga kwa mphepo mu malo ogwirira ntchito ndizachikulu, ndipo fumbi limakhazikika pa mbali yotsika mtengo kuposa momwe ziliri mbali yomweyo; Kutumiza kwapamwamba kwa zotulukapo za hepa kuli ndi maubwino ophweka, palibe ma pivi kumbuyo kwa a Suvale, koma kuyeretsa mpweya pansi pang'onopang'ono ndi mpweya wogwira ntchito molunjika; Komabe, malo angapo amtundu wa mpweya amakonzedwa bwino kapena zisumbu za mpweya ndi zosokoneza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mpweya womwe umagwira ntchito kuntchito amathanso kupangidwanso; Koma pomwe kachitidwe sikungoyenda mosalekeza, kusokoneza kosiyanasiyana kumatha kudzikundikira.
Zokambirana pamwambazi ndi zonse munthawi yabwino ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa ndi mitundu yovomerezeka yadziko, miyezo kapena zolemba. Mu ntchito zenizeni, bungwe la ndege silimapangidwa bwino chifukwa cha zolinga kapena zifukwa zopanga zopanga. Zofananira zimaphatikizapo: Kutulutsa kosagwirizana ndi kosalekeza kumabweza mpweya kuchokera kumphepete mwa khomalo, kalasi yapafupi kwambiri (ndiye kuti, palibe zilonda zotsekemera), ndi zotupa zokhala ndi zotumphukira Hepa wafalutsira Kutumiza Kwapamwamba Kwambiri ndi Kubwerera Pang'onopang'ono Kwina (Kutalika Kwake Pang'ono), etc. Njira zoyeserera Kumanani ndi zofunikira. Chifukwa cha kuvomerezedwa ndi zopanda pake kapena kuvomerezedwa, zipinda zina zoyera sizimafika pamlingo wopangidwira kapena malo osokoneza bongo, koma chipinda chodetsedwa chimakhala chotsika kwambiri, ndipo chikangolowa sizikwaniritsa zofunikira.
Gulu lolondola la ndege liyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi makatani okhazikika mpaka kutalika kwa malo omwe amagwira ntchito m'deralo, ndipo kalasi 100,000 sayenera kutengera mwayi wapamwamba komanso kubwerera pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale ambiri pano amapanga zilonda zapamwamba kwambiri zokhala ndi zosokoneza. Opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa izi.
3..
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wokwanira ndikuchepetsa ndikuchotsa mpweya wowonongeka. Malinga ndi ukhondo wosiyanasiyana ukhondo, pomwe kutalika kwa chipinda choyera kumakhala kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwa mpweya wabwino kuyenera kukwezedwa bwino. Pakati pawo, chipinda choyera cha chipinda choyera chimakhala cholingana ndi dongosolo loyeretsa kwambiri, ndipo zotsalazo zimaganiziridwa molingana ndi dongosolo loyeretsa kwambiri; Pamene osefera a Supa wa Ophunzirawo 100,000 atakhazikika m'chipinda chowongolera kapena zosefera za sub-hepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa dongosolo, mpweya wabwino umatha kuwonjezeka bwino ndi 10-20%.
Kuti munthu amene ali pamwambawa analimbikitsa, wolembayo amakhulupirira kuti: kuthamanga kwa mphepo kudzera mchipinda chopanda chipinda choyera ndi chochepa, ndipo chipinda chovuta chotchinga chili ndi phindu lokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Ofumutsira osakhazikika ≥ 0.25m / s, yopingasa yopingasa ≥ 0.35m / s. Ngakhale zofuna za ukhondo zitha kukwaniritsidwa mukayesedwa mu zotumphuka kapena zokhazikika, luso la anti-engiriza siopanda bala. Chipindacho chikalowa mu Boma, ukhondo sungakwaniritse zofunika. Chitsanzo cha mtundu uwu sikakhala chabe. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe mafani oyenera makonzedwe oyeretsa m'dziko langa. Nthawi zambiri, opanga sakonda kuwerengetsa mpweya, kapena musazindikire ngati fanizo lomwe limasankhidwa limakhala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera ndalama kapena kuthamanga Pambuyo pa dongosolo. Muyezo waku US Federal pansi pa vutoli popanda kusokoneza chipinda chonse. Kutsika kofunikira kwa Vefflow velocity kudzakulitsa nthawi yodziyeretsa komanso kuwonongeka kwa mapangidwe a FS209C mu Okutobala 1987,
Pachifukwa ichi, wolemba amakhulupirira kuti ndikoyenera kuwonjezera mtengo wamakampani omwe ali ndi vuto la polojekiti. Chigawo chathu chachita izi pazokonzekera zenizeni, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Choyamba chovuta kukhala ndi phindu lolimbikitsidwa ndi chinthu chokhazikika, koma opanga ambiri sakutsimikiziridwa. Popanga mapangidwe apadera, zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa chipinda choyera cha gulu 100 mpaka 20-25 / h, chipinda choyera chokwanira 30-40 Izi zimangowonjezera zida zothandizira komanso ndalama zoyambirira, komanso zimawonjezera mtengo wamtsogolo komanso wowongolera. M'malo mwake, palibe chifukwa chochitira. Mukamalemba mpweya wa dziko langa kuyeretsa njira zaukadaulo, zoposa kalasi yokonza 100 ku China zidasanthulidwa ndikuyeza. Zipinda zambiri zoyera zidayesedwa pansi pazinthu zamphamvu. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mpweya wabwino wa gulu loyera 100,000 ndi zipinda zoyera pafupifupi 1000 nthawi / h, zipinda 10,000 / h, ndi zipinda zoyeretsa. Muyezo waku US Federal (IE 20 Nthawi / h). Chifukwa chake, zomwe zingatanthauze zomwe zikuchitika zikuwerengera zowonjezera zazikulu, ndipo wopanga amatha kusankha bwino malinga ndi phindu lovomerezeka loti mpweya wabwino ukhalepo.
4..
Kusungabe anzanu abwino m'chipinda choyera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chipinda choyenerere sichikudetsedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kuti mukhale aukhondo. Ngakhale kukakamizidwa kosavomerezeka zipinda, ziyenera kukhala ndi zipinda zoyandikana kapena kuti zigawenga zokhala ndi ukhondo kuposa momwe zimakhalira kukhala ndi zovuta zina kuti zikhale bwino, kuti ukhondo ukhale wolimba.
Kupanikizika kwabwino kwa chipinda choyera kumatanthauza phindu pomwe kukakamizidwa kochepa kwambiri ndikoposa zovuta zakunja pomwe zitseko zonse ndi mawindo zimatsekedwa. Zimatheka ndi njira yomwe mpweya umapereka kuchuluka kwa dongosolo loyeretsa ndikosafika pobwezeretsa voliyumu ya mpweya. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kupanikizika kwabwino kwa chipinda choyera, zopezeka, zobwerera ndi zotuluka zimayamikiridwa. Dongosolo litayatsidwa, katswiri wopereka umayambitsidwa koyamba, kenako mafani othana ndi othana; Dongosolo litazimitsidwa, kachulukidwe wotulutsa umatsegulidwa koyamba, kenako kubwezeretsa ndi mafani kumachotsedwa kuti chipinda choyera chikhale chodetsedwa pomwe dongosolo litayikidwa ndikuchokapo.
Voliyumu ya mpweya imafunikira kuti ikhalebe yolimbana ndi chipinda chabwino cha chipinda choyera chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kudzipatula kwa kukonza. M'masiku oyambilira a zomangamanga m'chipinda changa, chifukwa cha zosauka zosauka za chotchinga, zidatenga 2 mpaka 6 nthawi / h ya mpweya kuti mukhale ndi zovuta za ≥Pa; Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake kwakhala kukuthandizani kwambiri, ndipo 2 kokha 1 mpaka 2 zokha / h ya mpweya kumafunikira kuti mukhale ndi anzanu omwewo; Ndipo ka 2 mpaka 3 kokha / h ya mpweya zimafunikira kuti musunge ≥10pa.
Katundu wanga wa dziko langa [6] Ndipo kunjaku sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 1.0mm h2o (~ 10Pa). Wolemba amakhulupirira kuti phindu ili limawoneka lotsika kwambiri pazifukwa zitatu:
(1) Kupanikizika kwabwino kumatanthauza kuthekera kwa chipinda choyera kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mpweya pakati pa zitseko ndi mawindo, kapena kuchepetsa zodetsa ndi mawindo amatsegulidwa kwakanthawi. Kukula kwa mavutowa kumawonetsa kulimba kwa kuipitsa. Zachidziwikire, kupsinjika kwabwinoku, zabwino (zomwe zidzafotokozedwera pambuyo pake).
(2) Buku la mpweya limafunikira kuti lizikhala ndi mavuto ambiri. Voliyumu ya mpweya imafunikira kukakamira kwamphamvu kwa 5Pabwino komanso kukakamiza kwabwino kwa 10P Bwanji osachita? Mwachidziwikire, ndibwino kuti muchepetse malire a ntchito yabwino ngati 10pa.
(3) Muyezo wa US Federal Uwu watengedwa ndi mayiko ambiri. Koma kupanikizika kwabwino kwa chipinda choyera sikwachikulu. Malinga ndi mayeso enieni a usilikali wa gawo lathu kwa zaka zopitilira 30, pomwe kupanikizika kwabwino ndi ≥ 30pa, ndizovuta kutsegula chitseko. Ngati mungatseke chitseko mosasamala, ipanga bang! Zimawopsa anthu. Kupindika kwamphamvu ndi ≥ 50 ~ 70Pa, mipata yomwe ili pakati pa zitseko ndi mawindo adzapanga sikhwikulu, ndipo ofooka kapena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosayenera sakhala osavomerezeka. Komabe, kuphatikizika koyenera kapena miyezo ya mayiko ambiri kunyumba ndi kunja sikutchulapo malire a nkhawa. Zotsatira zake, mayunitsi ambiri amangofuna kukwaniritsa zofunika za m'munsi, ngakhale zili malire angati. Mu chipinda choyera chenicheni chomwe wolemba adakumana nawo, phindu labwino kwambiri ndi lokwera kwambiri ngati 100pa kapena kupitilira apo, chifukwa chotsatira zoyipa kwambiri. M'malo mwake, kusintha zipsinjo zabwino si chinthu chovuta. Ndizotheka kuwongolera mu mtundu wina. Panali chikalata choyambitsa kuti dziko lina ku Eastern Englip limaletsa kupanikizika kwapamwamba monga 1-3m h20 (pafupifupi 10 ~ 30Pa). Wolemba amakhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu ndi woyenera.
Post Nthawi: Feb-13-2025