Chiyambi
Chipinda choyera ndiye maziko a kuwongolera kuipitsa. Popanda chipinda choyera, zida zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuipitsa sizingapangidwe mochuluka. Mu FED-STD-2, chipinda choyera chimatanthauzidwa ngati chipinda chomwe chimasefedwa mpweya, kugawa, kukonza, zipangizo zomangira ndi zida, momwe njira zogwirira ntchito nthawi zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tinthu touluka kuti tikwaniritse mulingo woyenera wa ukhondo wa tinthu.
Kuti chipinda choyera chikhale ndi ukhondo wabwino, sikofunikira kungoyang'ana kwambiri pakuchita njira zoyenera zoyeretsera mpweya wabwino, komanso kufunsa njira, zomangamanga ndi zina zapadera kuti zichitepo kanthu molingana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa: osati kapangidwe koyenera kokha, komanso kumanga mosamala ndi kukhazikitsa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chipinda choyera ndi kusamalira ndi sayansi. Kuti chipinda choyera chikhale ndi zotsatira zabwino, mabuku ambiri akunyumba ndi akunja afotokozedwa kuchokera ku malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Ndipotu, n'kovuta kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa akatswiri osiyanasiyana, ndipo n'kovuta kwa opanga mapulani kumvetsetsa mtundu wa zomangamanga ndi kukhazikitsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuyang'anira, makamaka omaliza. Ponena za njira zoyeretsera chipinda choyera, opanga mapulani ambiri, kapena ngakhale magulu omanga, nthawi zambiri salabadira mokwanira zofunikira zawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhondo usakhutiritse. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwachidule zinthu zinayi zofunika kuti ukhondo ukwaniritse zofunikira pa njira zoyeretsera chipinda choyera.
1. Ukhondo wa mpweya
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mpweya wabwino ukukwaniritsa zofunikira, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuchita bwino ndi kukhazikitsa fyuluta yomaliza ya makina oyeretsera.
Kusankha zosefera
Fyuluta yomaliza ya makina oyeretsera nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya hepa kapena fyuluta ya sub-hepa. Malinga ndi miyezo ya dziko langa, magwiridwe antchito a mafyuluta a hepa amagawidwa m'magulu anayi: Kalasi A ndi ≥99.9%, Kalasi B ndi ≥99.9%, Kalasi C ndi ≥99.999%, Kalasi D ndi (ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ≥0.1μm) ≥99.999% (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mafyuluta a ultra-hepa); mafyuluta a sub-hepa ndi (ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono ≥0.5μm) 95~99.9%. Mphamvu ikakhala yayikulu, fyuluta imakhala yokwera mtengo. Chifukwa chake, posankha fyuluta, sitiyenera kungokwaniritsa zofunikira za ukhondo wa mpweya, komanso kuganizira zanzeru zachuma.
Poganizira zofunikira pa ukhondo, mfundo yaikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zosefera zotsika mtengo pazipinda zoyera zochepa komanso zosefera zotsika mtengo pazipinda zoyera zapamwamba. Kawirikawiri: zosefera zotsika mtengo komanso zapakatikati zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo wa 1 miliyoni; zosefera za hepa za sub-hepa kapena Class A zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo wochepera kalasi 10,000; zosefera za Class B zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo wa 10,000 mpaka 100; ndipo zosefera za Class C zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo wa 100 mpaka 1. Zikuoneka kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya zosefera zomwe mungasankhe pamlingo uliwonse wa ukhondo. Kaya kusankha zosefera zotsika mtengo kapena zosagwira ntchito bwino zimatengera mkhalidwe weniweni: pamene kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe kuli kwakukulu, kapena chiŵerengero cha utsi wamkati chili chachikulu, kapena chipinda choyera chili chofunikira kwambiri ndipo chimafuna chitetezo chachikulu, m'mikhalidwe iyi kapena imodzi mwa izi, fyuluta yapamwamba iyenera kusankhidwa; apo ayi, fyuluta yotsika mtengo ingasankhidwe. Pazipinda zoyera zomwe zimafuna kuwongolera tinthu ta 0.1μm, zosefera za Class D ziyenera kusankhidwa mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa tinthu tomwe timalamulidwa. Zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi za fyuluta yokha. Ndipotu, kuti musankhe fyuluta yabwino, muyenera kuganiziranso bwino za mawonekedwe a chipinda choyera, fyuluta, ndi njira yoyeretsera.
Kukhazikitsa zosefera
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mpweya uli woyera, sikokwanira kukhala ndi zosefera zoyenerera zokha, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti: a. Fyulutayo siwonongeka panthawi yoyendera ndi kukhazikitsa; b. Kukhazikitsako kuli kolimba. Kuti tikwaniritse mfundo yoyamba, ogwira ntchito yomanga ndi kukhazikitsa ayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino, ndi chidziwitso chokhazikitsa makina oyeretsera komanso luso laukadaulo lokhazikitsa. Kupanda kutero, zidzakhala zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti fyulutayo siwonongeka. Pali maphunziro ofunikira pankhaniyi. Kachiwiri, vuto la kulimba kwa kukhazikitsa limadalira kwambiri mtundu wa kapangidwe ka kukhazikitsa. Buku lopangira mapulani nthawi zambiri limalimbikitsa: pa fyuluta imodzi, kuyika kotseguka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero kuti ngakhale kutayikira kukachitika, sikudzalowa m'chipindamo; pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomaliza yotulutsira mpweya ya hepa, kulimba kumakhala kosavuta kutsimikizira. Pa mpweya wa zosefera zingapo, chisindikizo cha gel ndi kutseka kwa negative pressure nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kutseka kwa gel kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti cholumikizira cha thanki yamadzimadzi chili cholimba ndipo chimango chonse chili pamalo ofanana. Kutseka kwa kupanikizika koyipa ndikopangitsa kuti mbali yakunja ya cholumikizira pakati pa fyuluta ndi bokosi lopanikizika losasunthika ndi chimangocho ikhale yoyipa. Monga momwe zimakhalira poyika, ngakhale patakhala kutayikira, sikudzalowa m'chipindamo. Ndipotu, bola ngati chimango choyikira chili chosalala ndipo nkhope ya kumapeto kwa fyuluta ikukhudzana ndi chimango choyikira, ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kupanga fyulutayo kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuyika mu mtundu uliwonse woyikira.
2. Kapangidwe ka kayendedwe ka mpweya
Kapangidwe ka mpweya m'chipinda choyera n'kosiyana ndi ka chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya woziziritsa. Kumafuna kuti mpweya woyera kwambiri uperekedwe kaye ku malo ogwirira ntchito. Ntchito yake ndikuchepetsa ndikuchepetsa kuipitsa kwa zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga kapangidwe ka mpweya: kuchepetsa mafunde a eddy kuti mupewe kuipitsa kuchokera kunja kwa malo ogwirira ntchito kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito; yesetsani kupewa fumbi lina kuuluka kuti muchepetse mwayi wa fumbi kuipitsa malo ogwirira ntchito; mpweya m'malo ogwirira ntchito uyenera kukhala wofanana momwe mungathere, ndipo liwiro la mphepo yake liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ndondomekoyi ndi ukhondo. Mpweya ukayenda kupita kumalo otulutsira mpweya wobwerera, fumbi lomwe lili mumlengalenga liyenera kuchotsedwa bwino. Sankhani njira zosiyanasiyana zotumizira ndi kubwezera mpweya malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za ukhondo.
Mabungwe osiyanasiyana oyendera mpweya ali ndi makhalidwe awoawo ndi ntchito zawo:
(1). Kuyenda kolunjika kolunjika koyima
Kuwonjezera pa ubwino wofanana wopezera mpweya wotsikira pansi, kuthandizira kukonza zida zogwirira ntchito, mphamvu yodziyeretsa yokha, komanso kupangitsa kuti zinthu zodziwika bwino monga malo oyeretsera munthu, njira zinayi zoperekera mpweya zilinso ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake: zosefera za hepa zophimbidwa bwino zili ndi ubwino wochepa komanso nthawi yayitali yosinthira zosefera, koma kapangidwe ka denga ndi kovuta ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera; ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kutumizira pamwamba pa sefa ya hepa yophimbidwa bwino komanso kutumizira pamwamba pa sefa ya hepa yophimbidwa bwino ndizosiyana ndi kutumizira pamwamba pa sefa ya hepa yophimbidwa bwino. Pakati pawo, kutumizira pamwamba pa sefa ya hepa yophimbidwa bwino ndikosavuta kusonkhanitsa fumbi mkati mwa sefa ya orifice pamene dongosolo silikugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo kusakonza bwino kumakhudza ukhondo; kutumizira pamwamba pa sefa yothina kumafuna wosanjikiza wosakaniza, kotero ndi koyenera zipinda zazitali zoyera zopitirira 4m, ndipo makhalidwe ake ndi ofanana ndi kutumizira pamwamba pa sefa ya hepa yophimbidwa bwino; Njira yobwezera mpweya ya mbale yokhala ndi ma grille mbali zonse ziwiri ndi malo obwezera mpweya omwe ali pansi pa makoma otsutsana ndi yoyenera zipinda zoyera zokhala ndi mtunda wosakwana 6m mbali zonse ziwiri; malo obwezera mpweya omwe ali pansi pa khoma la mbali imodzi ndi oyenera zipinda zoyera zomwe zili ndi mtunda waung'ono pakati pa makoma (monga ≤<2~3m).
(2). Kuyenda kwa njira imodzi mopingasa
Malo oyamba ogwirira ntchito okha ndi omwe angafikire mulingo wa ukhondo wa 100. Mpweya ukapita mbali inayo, kuchuluka kwa fumbi kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa chake, ndi koyenera kokha m'zipinda zoyera zokhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zaukhondo panjira yomweyo m'chipinda chimodzi. Kugawa kwa ma filter a hepa pakhoma lopereka mpweya kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito ma filter a hepa ndikusunga ndalama zoyambira, koma pali ma eddies m'madera am'deralo.
(3). Mpweya wozungulira
Makhalidwe a kutumizidwa kwa mapepala a orifice pamwamba ndi kutumizidwa kwa ma diffuser okhuthala pamwamba ndi ofanana ndi omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa: ubwino wa kutumizidwa kwa mbali ndi wosavuta kukonza mapaipi, palibe cholumikizira chaukadaulo chomwe chikufunika, mtengo wotsika, komanso wothandiza kukonzanso mafakitale akale. Zoyipa zake ndi zakuti liwiro la mphepo pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndi lalikulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa fumbi kumbali ya mphepo ndi kwakukulu kuposa kumbali ya mphepo; kutumizidwa kwa pamwamba kwa malo osungiramo ma filter a hepa kuli ndi ubwino wa dongosolo losavuta, palibe mapaipi kumbuyo kwa filter ya hepa, ndi mpweya woyera womwe umatumizidwa mwachindunji kumalo ogwirira ntchito, koma mpweya woyera umafalikira pang'onopang'ono ndipo mpweya womwe uli pamalo ogwirira ntchito umakhala wofanana; komabe, pamene malo ambiri osungiramo mpweya amakonzedwa mofanana kapena malo osungiramo mpweya a hepa okhala ndi ma diffuser agwiritsidwa ntchito, mpweya womwe uli pamalo ogwirira ntchito ungapangidwenso kukhala wofanana; koma pamene dongosolo silikuyenda mosalekeza, diffuser imakhala ndi fumbi lochuluka.
Kukambirana kumeneku kuli bwino kwambiri ndipo kukulangizidwa ndi malangizo a dziko, miyezo kapena mabuku ofotokoza kapangidwe kake. Mu mapulojekiti enieni, bungwe loyendetsa mpweya silinapangidwe bwino chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yeniyeni kapena zifukwa za wopanga. Zofala kwambiri ndi izi: kuyenda kolunjika kumatenga mpweya wobwerera kuchokera pansi pa makoma awiri oyandikana nawo, kalasi yapafupi 100 imagwiritsa ntchito kutumiza pamwamba ndi kubwerera pamwamba (ndiko kuti, palibe nsalu yopachikika pansi pa chotulutsira mpweya chapafupi), ndipo zipinda zoyera zosasunthika zimagwiritsa ntchito kutumiza pamwamba pa chotulutsira mpweya cha hepa fyuluta ndi kubwerera pamwamba kapena kubwerera pansi mbali imodzi (kutalika kwakukulu pakati pa makoma), ndi zina zotero. Njira zoyendetsera mpweyazi zayesedwa ndipo ukhondo wawo wambiri sukwaniritsa zofunikira pa kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa cha zofunikira zomwe zilipo pano zovomerezeka zopanda kanthu kapena zosakhazikika, zina mwa zipinda zoyerazi sizifika pamlingo waukhondo wopangidwira m'malo opanda kanthu kapena osakhazikika, koma kuthekera koletsa kuipitsidwa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo chipinda choyera chikalowa mu mkhalidwe wogwirira ntchito, sichikwaniritsa zofunikira.
Kapangidwe koyenera ka mpweya kayenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi makatani opachikidwa kutalika kwa malo ogwirira ntchito m'deralo, ndipo gulu la 100,000 siliyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira mpweya pamwamba ndi kubweza mpweya pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mafakitale ambiri pakali pano amapanga malo otulutsira mpweya abwino kwambiri okhala ndi ma diffuser, ndipo ma diffuser awo ndi mbale zokongoletsera zokha ndipo sachita gawo lofalitsa mpweya. Opanga ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndi izi.
3. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kapena liwiro la mpweya
Kuchuluka kokwanira kwa mpweya wopumira ndiko kuchepetsa ndikuchotsa mpweya wodetsedwa m'nyumba. Malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zaukhondo, kutalika konse kwa chipinda choyera kuli kokwera, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa moyenera. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira m'chipinda choyera cha 1 miliyoni kumaganiziridwa malinga ndi njira yoyeretsera yogwira ntchito bwino, ndipo zina zonse zimaganiziridwa malinga ndi njira yoyeretsera yogwira ntchito bwino; pamene zosefera za hepa za chipinda choyera cha kalasi 100,000 zili m'chipinda cha makina kapena zosefera za sub-hepa zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa dongosolo, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira kumatha kuwonjezeredwa moyenera ndi 10-20%.
Pa mfundo zomwe zaperekedwa pamwambapa, wolembayo akukhulupirira kuti: liwiro la mphepo kudzera m'chipinda cha chipinda choyera cha unidirectional flow ndi lochepa, ndipo chipinda choyera chosasunthika chili ndi phindu lovomerezeka lokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Kuyenda kolunjika kolunjika ≥ 0.25m/s, kuyenda kolunjika kolunjika ≥ 0.35m/s. Ngakhale zofunikira za ukhondo zitha kukwaniritsidwa zikayesedwa m'malo opanda kanthu kapena osakhazikika, mphamvu yoletsa kuipitsa imakhala yofooka. Chipindacho chikalowa mu mkhalidwe wogwirira ntchito, ukhondo sungakwaniritse zofunikira. Chitsanzo chamtunduwu si nkhani yokha. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe mafani oyenera makina oyeretsera mu mndandanda wa ventilator wa dziko langa. Nthawi zambiri, opanga nthawi zambiri samapanga mawerengedwe olondola a kukana kwa mpweya wa dongosololi, kapena sazindikira ngati fan yosankhidwayo ili pamalo abwino ogwirira ntchito pa curve yodziwika bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti voliyumu ya mpweya kapena liwiro la mphepo lisafike pamtengo wopangidwira dongosololi atangoyamba kugwira ntchito. Muyezo wa boma la US (FS209A~B) unanena kuti liwiro la mpweya wa chipinda choyera cholunjika mbali imodzi kudzera mu chipinda choyera nthawi zambiri limakhala pa 90ft/min (0.45m/s), ndipo liwiro losafanana limakhala mkati mwa ±20% ngati palibe kusokoneza mchipinda chonse. Kuchepa kulikonse kwakukulu kwa liwiro la mpweya kudzawonjezera kuthekera kwa nthawi yodziyeretsa yokha komanso kuipitsa pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito (pambuyo pa kulengezedwa kwa FS209C mu Okutobala 1987, palibe malamulo omwe adapangidwa pa zizindikiro zonse kupatula kuchuluka kwa fumbi).
Pachifukwa ichi, wolembayo akukhulupirira kuti ndikoyenera kuwonjezera moyenera mtengo wa kapangidwe ka nyumba komwe kali pano ka liwiro la kuyenda kwa mpweya. Gawo lathu lachita izi m'mapulojekiti enieni, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zabwino. Chipinda choyera chogwedezeka chili ndi mtengo wovomerezeka wokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, koma opanga ambiri sakutsimikizikabe. Popanga mapangidwe enaake, amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira wa chipinda choyera cha kalasi 100,000 kufika pa nthawi 20-25 pa ola limodzi, chipinda choyera cha kalasi 10,000 kufika pa nthawi 30-40 pa ola limodzi, ndi chipinda choyera cha kalasi 1000 kufika pa nthawi 60-70 pa ola limodzi. Izi sizimangowonjezera mphamvu ya zida ndi ndalama zoyambira, komanso zimawonjezera ndalama zosamalira ndi kuyang'anira mtsogolo. Ndipotu, palibe chifukwa chochita zimenezo. Pokonza njira zaukadaulo zoyeretsera mpweya m'dziko langa, zipinda zoyera zoposa kalasi 100 ku China zinafufuzidwa ndikuyesedwa. Zipinda zambiri zoyera zinayesedwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yosinthasintha. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira m'zipinda zoyera za kalasi 100,000 ≥10 nthawi/ola, zipinda zoyera za kalasi 10,000 ≥20 nthawi/ola, ndi zipinda zoyera za kalasi 1000 ≥50 nthawi/ola zitha kukwaniritsa zofunikira. US Federal Standard (FS2O9A~B) imati: zipinda zoyera zosalunjika mbali imodzi (kalasi 100,000, kalasi 10,000), kutalika kwa chipinda 8~12ft (2.44~3.66m), nthawi zambiri zimaona kuti chipinda chonsecho chiyenera kupumira kamodzi mphindi zitatu zilizonse (monga nthawi 20/ola). Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake kaganizira kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mpweya, ndipo wopangayo akhoza kusankha mosamala malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya komwe kumalimbikitsidwa.
4. Kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya
Kusunga mphamvu inayake yabwino m'chipinda choyera ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti chipinda choyera chisadetsedwe kapena chisadetsedwe pang'ono kuti chikhale ndi ukhondo wokonzedwa. Ngakhale m'zipinda zoyera ndi mphamvu yoipa, ziyenera kukhala ndi zipinda kapena masuti oyandikana nawo okhala ndi ukhondo wosachepera mlingo wake kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu inayake yabwino, kuti ukhondo wa chipinda choyera ndi mphamvu yoipa ukhalebe woyera.
Kupanikizika kwabwino kwa chipinda choyera kumatanthauza mtengo pamene kupanikizika kwamkati kuli kwakukulu kuposa kupsinjika kwakunja pamene zitseko ndi mawindo onse atsekedwa. Izi zimachitika mwa njira yoti kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyeretsera dongosolo loyeretsera kuli kwakukulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wobwerera ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti kupanikizika kwabwino kwa chipinda choyera kuli bwino, mafani operekera, obwezera ndi otulutsa mpweya amalumikizidwa bwino. Dongosolo likayatsidwa, fan yoperekera mpweya imayatsidwa kaye, kenako mafani obwezera ndi otulutsa mpweya amayatsidwa; dongosolo likayatsidwa, fan yotulutsa mpweya imazimitsidwa kaye, kenako mafani obwezera ndi otulutsa mpweya amazimitsidwa kuti chipinda choyera chisadetsedwe pamene dongosolo limayatsidwa ndi kuzimitsidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wofunikira kuti chipinda choyera chikhale ndi mphamvu yokwanira yogwira ntchito kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa chipinda chosungiramo mpweya. M'masiku oyambirira a ntchito yokonza zipinda zoyera m'dziko langa, chifukwa cha kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa chipinda chosungiramo mpweya, zinkafunika nthawi ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pa ola limodzi kuti mpweya ukhale ndi mphamvu yokwanira ya ≥5Pa; pakadali pano, kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa chipinda chosungiramo mpweya kwakhala bwino kwambiri, ndipo mpweya wokwanira nthawi imodzi mpaka ziwiri pa ola limodzi wokha ndi womwe umafunika kuti mpweya ukhale ndi mphamvu yofanana yogwira ntchito; ndipo mpweya wokwanira nthawi ziwiri mpaka zitatu pa ola limodzi wokha ndi womwe umafunika kuti mpweya ukhale ndi mphamvu yokwanira ya ≥10Pa.
Mafotokozedwe a kapangidwe ka dziko langa [6] amanena kuti kusiyana kwa mphamvu yosasunthika pakati pa zipinda zoyera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso pakati pa malo oyera ndi malo osayera kuyenera kukhala osachepera 0.5mm H2O (~5Pa), ndipo kusiyana kwa mphamvu yosasunthika pakati pa malo oyera ndi akunja kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1.0mm H2O (~10Pa). Wolembayo akukhulupirira kuti mtengo uwu ukuwoneka wochepa kwambiri pazifukwa zitatu:
(1) Kupanikizika kwabwino kumatanthauza kuthekera kwa chipinda choyera kuletsa kuipitsa mpweya m'nyumba kudzera m'mipata pakati pa zitseko ndi mawindo, kapena kuchepetsa kuipitsa komwe kumalowa m'chipindamo zitseko ndi mawindo zikatsegulidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa. Kukula kwa kuthamanga kwabwino kumasonyeza mphamvu ya mphamvu yoletsa kuipitsa. Zachidziwikire, kuthamanga kwabwino kukakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino (zomwe zidzakambidwa mtsogolo).
(2) Mpweya wofunikira kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino ndi wochepa. Mpweya wofunikira kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino ndi wochepa ndipo mpweya wofunika kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa. Bwanji osachita izi? N'zachidziwikire kuti, ndi bwino kutenga mpweya wochepa ngati wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa ndi wochepa.
(3) Muyezo wa US Federal (FS209A~B) umanena kuti pamene malo onse olowera ndi otulukira atsekedwa, kusiyana kochepa kwa mphamvu pakati pa chipinda choyera ndi malo aliwonse oyandikana ndi ukhondo wochepa ndi mainchesi 0.05 a madzi (12.5Pa). Mtengo uwu wavomerezedwa ndi mayiko ambiri. Koma mphamvu ya mpweya wabwino m'chipinda choyera siili yokwera kwambiri, ndiye kuti ndi yabwino. Malinga ndi mayeso enieni a uinjiniya a chipangizo chathu kwa zaka zoposa 30, mphamvu ya mpweya wabwino ndi ≥ 30Pa, zimakhala zovuta kutsegula chitseko. Ngati mutseka chitseko mosasamala, chidzagunda! Zidzawopseza anthu. Mphamvu ya mpweya wabwino ndi ≥ 50~70Pa, mipata pakati pa zitseko ndi mawindo idzapanga phokoso, ndipo ofooka kapena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosayenera adzamva kusasangalala. Komabe, zofunikira kapena miyezo ya mayiko ambiri kunyumba ndi kunja sizitchula malire apamwamba a mphamvu ya mpweya wabwino. Chifukwa chake, mayunitsi ambiri amangofuna kukwaniritsa zofunikira za malire otsika, mosasamala kanthu kuti malire apamwamba ndi otani. Mu chipinda choyera chomwe wolembayo adakumana nacho, mphamvu ya positive imakhala yokwera kufika pa 100Pa kapena kuposerapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri. Ndipotu, kusintha mphamvu ya positive si chinthu chovuta. N'zotheka kulamulira mkati mwa mtunda winawake. Panali chikalata chomwe chinanena kuti dziko linalake kum'mawa kwa Europe limafotokoza mphamvu ya positive ngati 1-3mm H20 (pafupifupi 10~30Pa). Wolembayo akukhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya positive iyi ndi yoyenera kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-13-2025