Kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera

1. Kapangidwe ka chipinda chotsukira

Chipinda choyeretsera nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi malo atatu akuluakulu: malo oyera, malo oyeretsa pang'ono, ndi malo othandizira. Makonzedwe a chipinda choyeretsera amatha kukonzedwa motere:

(1). Khonde lozungulira: Khonde likhoza kukhala lopanda mawindo kapena lopanda mawindo ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo owonera komanso malo osungira zida. Makhonde ena amathanso kukhala ndi kutentha kwamkati. Mawindo akunja ayenera kukhala ndi magalasi awiri.

(2). Khonde lamkati: Chipinda chotsukira chili pafupi ndi malire, pomwe khonde lili mkati. Mtundu uwu wa khonde nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi ukhondo wapamwamba, ngakhale wofanana ndi chipinda chotsukira.

(3). Khonde loyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto: Chipinda chotsukira chili mbali imodzi, ndipo zipinda zoyera pang'ono ndi zina zowonjezera zili mbali inayo.

(4). Khonde lapakati: Kuti tisunge malo ndikufupikitsa mapaipi, chipinda choyeretsa chingakhale pakati, chozunguliridwa ndi zipinda zosiyanasiyana zothandizira ndi mapaipi obisika. Njira imeneyi imateteza chipinda choyeretsa ku zotsatira za nyengo yakunja, imachepetsa kuzizira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotenthetsera, komanso imathandizira kusunga mphamvu.

2. Njira zochotsera kuipitsidwa kwa munthu payekha

Kuti achepetse kuipitsidwa ndi zochita za anthu panthawi yogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito ayenera kusintha zovala za m'chipinda choyera kenako n’kusamba, kusamba, ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda asanalowe m'chipinda choyera. Njira zimenezi zimatchedwa "kuchotsa kuipitsidwa kwa ogwira ntchito," kapena "kuchotsa kuipitsidwa kwa munthu." Chipinda chosinthira zovala mkati mwa chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso kusunga mpweya wabwino poyerekeza ndi zipinda zina, monga khomo lolowera. Zimbudzi ndi shawa ziyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino pang'ono, pomwe zimbudzi ndi shawa ziyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino.

3. Njira zochotsera kuipitsidwa ndi zinthu

Zinthu zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa mu chimbudzi zisanalowe m'chipinda chotsukira, kapena "kuchotsa zinthu zodetsa." Njira yochotsera zinthu iyenera kukhala yosiyana ndi njira yochotsera zinthu zodetsa. Ngati zipangizo ndi antchito angalowe m'chipinda chotsukira kuchokera pamalo omwewo, ayenera kulowa kudzera m'makomo osiyana, ndipo zipangizozo ziyenera kuchotsedwa mu chimbudzi choyamba. Pa ntchito zomwe zili ndi mizere yopangira yocheperako, malo osungiramo zinthu apakati akhoza kuyikidwa mkati mwa njira yotulutsira zinthuzo. Pa mizere yopangira yowonjezereka, njira yolunjika iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zina imafuna njira zingapo zochotsera zinthu zodetsa ndi kusamutsa mkati mwa njirayo. Ponena za kapangidwe ka makina, magawo oyeretsera osalala komanso osalala a chipinda chotsukira adzatulutsa tinthu tambiri, kotero malo oyera ayenera kusungidwa pamlingo woipa kapena kupanikizika kopanda mphamvu. Ngati chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa chili chachikulu, njira yolowera iyeneranso kusungidwa pamlingo woipa.

4. Kukonza mapaipi

Mapaipi omwe ali m'chipinda chotsukira chopanda fumbi ndi ovuta kwambiri, kotero mapaipi onsewa amakonzedwa mobisa. Pali njira zingapo zobisika zokonzera.

(1). Mezzanine yaukadaulo

①. Mezzanine yapamwamba kwambiri. Mu mezzanine iyi, gawo lodutsa la njira zoperekera ndi kubweza mpweya nthawi zambiri limakhala lalikulu kwambiri, kotero ndilo chinthu choyamba kuganizira mu mezzanine. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamwamba pa mezzanine, ndipo mapaipi amagetsi amayikidwa pansi pake. Pamene mbale yapansi ya mezzanine iyi imatha kunyamula kulemera kwina, zosefera ndi zida zotulutsira utsi zimatha kuyikidwa pamenepo.

②. Mezzanine yaukadaulo ya chipinda. Poyerekeza ndi mezzanine yapamwamba yokha, njira iyi imatha kuchepetsa mawaya ndi kutalika kwa mezzanine ndikusunga njira yaukadaulo yofunikira kuti njira yobwerera ya mpweya ibwerere ku mezzanine yapamwamba. Kugawa kwa zida zamagetsi za fan ya mpweya wobwerera kumatha kukhazikitsidwanso munjira yapansi. Njira yapamwamba ya chipinda choyera chopanda fumbi pansi inayake ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati njira yapansi ya chipinda chapamwamba.

(2). Mapaipi opingasa mkati mwa ma mezzanine apamwamba ndi otsika a makoma aukadaulo nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa kukhala mapaipi opingasa. Malo obisika omwe mapaipi opingasa awa amakhala amatchedwa njira yaukadaulo. Mapaipi aukadaulo amathanso kukhala ndi zida zothandizira zomwe sizili zoyenera kuyeretsa, ndipo zimathanso kugwira ntchito ngati ma ducts obweza mpweya wamba kapena mabokosi opanikizika osasinthasintha. Ena amathanso kukhala ndi ma radiator a chubu chowala. Popeza mitundu iyi ya makoma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magawo opepuka, amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta akasinthidwa.

(3). Ma shaft aukadaulo: Ngakhale kuti makoma nthawi zambiri sadutsa pansi, akatero, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati shaft yaukadaulo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala gawo lokhazikika la nyumbayo. Chifukwa ma shaft aukadaulo amalumikiza pansi zosiyanasiyana, kuti ateteze moto, mapaipi amkati atayikidwa, malo ozungulira pansi ayenera kutsekedwa ndi zipangizo zomwe sizingapse ndi moto kuposa slab ya pansi. Ntchito yokonza iyenera kuchitika m'magawo, ndipo zitseko zowunikira ziyenera kukhala ndi zitseko zosapsa moto. Kaya mezzanine yaukadaulo, njira yaukadaulo, kapena shaft yaukadaulo imagwira ntchito mwachindunji ngati njira yopititsira mpweya, pamwamba pake pamkati pake payenera kukonzedwa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za malo oyeretsera mkati mwa chipinda choyera.

(5). Malo a chipinda cha makina. Ndi bwino kuyika chipinda cha makina oziziritsira mpweya pafupi ndi chipinda choyeretsera chopanda fumbi chomwe chimafuna mpweya wambiri, ndikuyesetsa kuti chingwe cha mpweya chikhale chachifupi momwe zingathere. Komabe, kuti tipewe phokoso ndi kugwedezeka, chipinda choyeretsera chopanda fumbi ndi chipinda cha makina ziyenera kulekanitsidwa. Mbali zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Njira zolekanitsira zikuphatikizapo:

1. Njira yolekanitsira kapangidwe ka nyumba: (1) Njira yolekanitsira malo olumikizirana. Malo olumikizirana amadutsa pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito opanda fumbi ndi chipinda cha makina kuti agwire ntchito ngati malo ogawa. (2) Njira yolekanitsira makoma. Ngati chipinda cha makina chili pafupi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito opanda fumbi, m'malo mogawana khoma, chilichonse chimakhala ndi khoma lake logawa, ndipo pali mpata wina pakati pa makoma awiri ogawa. (3) Njira yolekanitsira chipinda chothandizira. Chipinda chothandizira chimayikidwa pakati pa malo ogwirira ntchito opanda fumbi ndi chipinda cha makina kuti chigwire ntchito ngati chotetezera.

2. Njira yofalitsira: (1) Njira yofalitsira padenga kapena padenga: Chipinda cha makina nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa padenga lapamwamba kuti chisafike pa malo ogwirira ntchito opanda fumbi omwe ali pansi, koma pansi pa denga ndibwino kuti pakhale pansi pa chipinda chothandizira kapena choyang'anira, kapena ngati mezzanine yaukadaulo. (2) Mtundu wogawa pansi pa nthaka: Chipinda cha makina chili pansi pa nyumba. (3). Njira yomangira yokha: Chipinda china cha makina chimamangidwa kunja kwa nyumba yoyera ya chipinda, koma ndibwino kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chipinda choyera. Chipinda cha makina chiyenera kusamala ndi kusiyanitsa kugwedezeka ndi kutchingira mawu. Pansi pake payenera kukhala potetezedwa ndi madzi ndipo pakhale njira zoyezera kugwedezeka. Kusiyanitsa kugwedezeka: Mabulaketi ndi maziko a mafani oyambira kugwedezeka, ma mota, mapampu amadzi, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa kugwedezeka. Ngati pakufunika, zidazo ziyenera kuyikidwa pa simenti, kenako simenti iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zinthu zoletsa kugwedezeka. Kulemera kwa simenti kuyenera kukhala kawiri kapena katatu kuposa kulemera konse kwa zidazo. Chotetezera mawu: Kuwonjezera pa kukhazikitsa choletsa mawu pa makina, zipinda zazikulu za makina zingaganizire zomangirira zipangizo zomwe zimayamwa mawu kumakoma. Zitseko zosamva mawu ziyenera kuyikidwa. Musatsegule zitseko pakhoma logawanika ndi malo oyera.

5. Kusamuka mosatekeseka

Popeza chipinda choyera ndi nyumba yotsekedwa kwambiri, kuchotsedwa kwake motetezeka kumakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imagwirizananso kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsa makina oyeretsera mpweya. Kawirikawiri, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:

(1). Malo aliwonse osapsa moto kapena oyeretsa omwe ali pa malo opangira zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi njira ziwiri zotulukira mwadzidzidzi. Njira imodzi yokha yotulukira mwadzidzidzi ndiyololedwa ngati malowo ali osakwana 50 sikweya mita ndipo chiwerengero cha antchito chili chochepera asanu.

(2). Malo olowera ku chipinda choyeretsera sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zotulukiramo. Popeza njira zoyeretsera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozungulira, zingakhale zovuta kuti ogwira ntchito afike panja mwachangu ngati utsi kapena moto wapsereza malowo.

(3). Zipinda zosambira zopumira mpweya siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zolowera. Zitseko izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zitseko ziwiri zolumikizirana kapena zodzipangira zokha, ndipo vuto likhoza kukhudza kwambiri kutuluka m'nyumba. Chifukwa chake, zitseko zodutsa mpweya nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa m'zipinda zosambiramo, ndipo ndizofunikira ngati pali antchito oposa asanu. Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito ayenera kutuluka m'chipinda choyera kudzera pakhomo lodutsa mpweya, osati m'chipinda chosambiramo chodutsa mpweya.

(4). Kuti zitseko za chipinda chilichonse choyeretsera zizikhalabe ndi mphamvu, zitseko za chipinda chilichonse choyeretsera ziyenera kuyang'ana mchipindacho ndi mphamvu yayikulu. Izi zimadalira mphamvu kuti chitseko chitsekedwe, zomwe zimatsutsana momveka bwino ndi zofunikira kuti munthu asatulukemo mosavuta. Pofuna kuganizira zofunikira pa ukhondo wabwinobwino komanso kuchotsedwa mwadzidzidzi, zanenedwa kuti zitseko pakati pa malo oyera ndi malo osayera, komanso zitseko pakati pa malo oyera ndi akunja ziyenera kuonedwa ngati zitseko zotetezeka zotulutsiramo, ndipo njira yotsegulira iyenera kukhala yolunjika kutulutsiramo. Zachidziwikire, zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito pa zitseko zachitetezo chimodzi.