KUKHALA KWACHIPEMBEDZO NDI KUPANGA

1. Kapangidwe ka chipinda choyeretsa

Chipinda choyeretsa nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi magawo atatu: malo aukhondo, malo osayera pang'ono, ndi malo othandizira. Mapangidwe a zipinda zoyera amatha kukonzedwa m'njira izi:

(1). Khonde Lozungulira: Khondelo limatha kukhala ndi mazenera kapena opanda mawindo ndipo limakhala ngati malo owonera komanso malo osungira zida. Makonde ena amathanso kukhala ndi zotenthetsera mkati. Mawindo akunja ayenera kukhala owumbidwa kawiri.

(2). Khomo lamkati: Malo oyeretsera ali pamtunda, pomwe khola lili mkati. Khonde lamtunduwu nthawi zambiri limakhala laukhondo wokwera, ngakhale wofanana ndi waukhondo.

(3). Kumapeto kwa Khola: Malo oyeretsa ali mbali imodzi, yokhala ndi zipinda zoyera komanso zothandizira mbali inayo.

(4). Khonde lapakati: Kusunga malo ndikufupikitsa mapaipi, zipinda zoyera zimatha kukhala pachimake, chozunguliridwa ndi zipinda zingapo zothandizira komanso mapaipi obisika. Njira imeneyi imateteza zipinda zaukhondo ku zotsatira za nyengo yakunja, imachepetsa kuzirala ndi kutenthetsa mphamvu, komanso imathandizira kuteteza mphamvu.

2. Njira zodzichotsera munthu

Pofuna kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi zochitika za anthu panthawi ya ntchito, ogwira ntchito ayenera kusintha zovala zapachipinda chaukhondo kenako nkuyamba kusamba, kusamba, ndi kupha tizilombo tisanalowe mchipinda choyera. Njirazi zimatchedwa "kuchotsa munthu," kapena "kuchotsa munthu." Chipinda chosinthira m'chipinda choyeretsedwa chiyenera kukhala chopumira mpweya wabwino ndikukhalabe ndi mphamvu zofananira ndi zipinda zina, monga polowera. Zimbudzi ndi shawa ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu pang'ono, pamene zimbudzi ndi shawa ziyenera kukhalabe ndi mphamvu yoipa.

3. Njira zowononga zinthu

Zinthu zonse ziyenera kuyeretsedwa musanalowe m'chipinda choyera, kapena "kuwonongeka kwa zinthu." Njira yochotsera zinyalala iyenera kukhala yosiyana ndi njira yapachipinda choyera. Ngati zida ndi ogwira ntchito atha kulowa mchipinda choyera kuchokera pamalo omwewo, ayenera kulowa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndipo zidazo ziyenera kuyeretsedwa koyambirira. Kwa mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi mizere yopangitsira yocheperako, malo osungira apakati amatha kukhazikitsidwa mkati mwa njira yazinthu. Pamizere yowongoka yowonjezereka, njira yowongoka yodutsa iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zina yomwe imafunika kuwononga kangapo ndi kusamutsa malo mkati mwanjirayo. Pankhani ya kamangidwe ka makina, magawo ovuta komanso oyeretsedwa bwino a chipinda choyeretsera amawomba tinthu tambirimbiri, kotero kuti malo omwe ali aukhondo amayenera kusungidwa pamavuto oyipa kapena kupanikizika kwa zero. Ngati chiwopsezo cha kuipitsidwa ndi chachikulu, njira yolowera iyeneranso kusungidwa pazovuta zoyipa.

4. Bungwe la mapaipi

Mapaipi oyeretsa opanda fumbi ndi ovuta kwambiri, kotero mapaipi awa amakonzedwa mobisika. Pali njira zingapo zobisika zamabungwe.

(1). Mezzanine yaukadaulo

①. Top luso mezzanine. Mu mezzanine iyi, gawo lalikulu la ma ducts ndi kubweza mpweya nthawi zambiri ndilo lalikulu kwambiri, choncho ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa mu mezzanine. Nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa pamwamba pa mezzanine, ndipo mapaipi amagetsi amakonzedwa pansipa. Pamene mbale ya pansi ya mezzanine imatha kupirira kulemera kwake, zosefera ndi zida zotulutsa zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pamenepo.

②. Chipinda chaukadaulo mezzanine. Poyerekeza ndi mezzanine pamwamba yekha, njira imeneyi akhoza kuchepetsa mawaya ndi kutalika kwa mezzanine ndi kusunga luso ndimeyi zofunika kuti kubwerera mpweya ngalande kubwerera kumtunda mezzanine. The kubwerera mpweya zimakupiza zida mphamvu kugawa angathenso anapereka m'ndime m'munsi. Njira yapamwamba ya chipinda choyeretsera chopanda fumbi pamtunda wina ingakhalenso ngati njira yapansi ya pansi.

(2). Mapaipi opingasa mkati mwa mezzanines apamwamba ndi otsika amipata yaukadaulo (makhoma) nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa kukhala mapaipi oyima. Malo obisika omwe mapaipi oyima awa amakhala amatchedwa kanjira kaukadaulo. Mipata yaukadaulo imathanso kukhala ndi zida zothandizira zomwe sizoyenera zipinda zoyeretsera, ndipo zimatha kukhala ngati ma ducts ampweya wamba kapena mabokosi okakamiza. Ena amatha ngakhale kuyika ma radiator opepuka. Popeza mitundu iyi yamipata yaukadaulo (makoma) nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito magawo opepuka, imatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ikasinthidwa.

(3). Miyendo yaukadaulo: Ngakhale kuti mipata yaukadaulo (makhoma) nthawi zambiri sadutsa pansi, ikatero, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati shaft yaukadaulo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala gawo lokhazikika la zomangamanga. Chifukwa zitsulo zamakono zimagwirizanitsa pansi zosiyanasiyana, pofuna kuteteza moto, pambuyo poyika mapaipi amkati, malo otsekera apakati ayenera kusindikizidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yotsutsa moto osati pansi kuposa pansi. Ntchito yokonza iyenera kuchitika mosanjikiza, ndipo zitseko zoyendera ziyenera kukhala ndi zitseko zosagwira moto. Kaya mezzanine yaukadaulo, kanjira kaukadaulo, kapena shaft yaukadaulo imagwira ntchito ngati njira yolumikizira mpweya, mkati mwake iyenera kusamalidwa molingana ndi zofunikira za mkati mwa zipinda zoyera.

(5). Malo a chipinda cha makina. Ndi bwino kuyika chipinda cha makina oziziritsa mpweya pafupi ndi chipinda choyeretsera chopanda fumbi chomwe chimafuna mpweya waukulu, ndipo yesetsani kuti mzere wa mpweya ukhale waufupi momwe mungathere. Komabe, pofuna kupewa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka, chipinda choyeretsa chopanda fumbi ndi chipinda cha makina chiyenera kupatulidwa. Mbali zonse ziwirizi ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Njira zolekanitsa zikuphatikizapo:

1. Njira yolekanitsa yomanga: (1) Njira yolekanitsa yolumikizana. Mgwirizano wokhazikika umadutsa pakati pa malo opanda fumbi ndi chipinda cha makina kuti chikhale chogawa. (2) Njira yolekanitsa khoma yogawa. Ngati chipinda cha makina chiri pafupi ndi msonkhano wopanda fumbi, m'malo mogawana khoma, aliyense ali ndi khoma lake logawa, ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu kumasiyidwa pakati pa makoma awiri ogawa. (3) Njira yolekanitsira zipinda zothandizira. Chipinda chothandizira chimakhazikitsidwa pakati pa malo opanda fumbi ndi chipinda cha makina kuti chikhale chotchingira.

2. Njira yobalalitsira: (1) Njira yobalalitsira padenga kapena padenga: Chipinda cha makina nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa padenga lapamwamba kuti chisachoke ku msonkhano wopanda fumbi pansipa, koma pansi pa denga la pansi ndi bwino kukhala ngati chipinda chothandizira kapena choyang'anira chipinda, kapena ngati mezzanine luso. (2) Mtundu wogawidwa mobisa: Chipinda cha makina chili pansi. (3). Njira yomangira yodziyimira payokha: Chipinda chosiyana cha makina chimamangidwa kunja kwa chipinda choyera, koma ndi bwino kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chipinda choyera. Chipinda cha makina chiyenera kumvetsera kudzipatula kwa vibration ndi kutsekemera kwa mawu. Pansi payenera kukhala potsekeredwa ndi madzi ndipo pakhale miyeso ya ngalande. Kudzipatula kwa vibration: Mabulaketi ndi maziko a mafani a magwero a vibration, ma mota, mapampu amadzi, ndi zina zotere ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi anti-vibration treatment. Ngati ndi kotheka, zidazo ziyenera kuikidwa pa slab ya konkire, ndiyeno slab iyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zipangizo zotsutsana ndi kugwedezeka. Kulemera kwa slab kuyenera kukhala 2 mpaka 3 kulemera kwa zipangizo zonse. Kutsekereza phokoso: Kuphatikiza pa kuyika silencer pamakina, zipinda zazikulu zamakina zimatha kuganizira zomangira zida zomwe zili ndi mayamwidwe amawu pamakoma. Zitseko zopanda phokoso ziyenera kuikidwa. Osatsegula zitseko pa khoma logawanitsa ndi malo oyera.

5. Kusamuka kotetezeka

Popeza chipinda choyera ndi nyumba yotsekedwa kwambiri, kuthawa kwake kotetezeka kumakhala nkhani yofunika kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino, yomwe imagwirizananso kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mpweya woyeretsa mpweya. Kawirikawiri, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:

(1). Malo aliwonse osatha moto kapena oyeretsedwa pamalo opangira zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi njira ziwiri zotulukira mwadzidzidzi. Kutuluka kwadzidzidzi kumodzi kokha ndikololedwa ngati malowo ndi ochepera 50 masikweya mita ndipo chiwerengero cha antchito ndi osakwana asanu.

(2). Polowera kuchipinda choyeretsera sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati potuluka. Chifukwa misewu ya m'zipinda zaukhondo nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira, zimakhala zovuta kuti ogwira ntchito apite kunja mwamsanga ngati utsi kapena moto uyaka m'deralo.

(3). Zipinda zosambiramo mpweya siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira wamba. Zitseko izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zitseko ziwiri zolumikizana kapena zodziwikiratu, ndipo kusagwira bwino ntchito kumatha kukhudza kwambiri kuthawa. Choncho, zitseko zodutsa nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa muzipinda zosambira, ndipo ndizofunikira ngati pali antchito oposa asanu. Nthawi zambiri, ogwira ntchito ayenera kutuluka mchipinda chaukhondo kudzera pakhomo lodutsa, osati chipinda chosambiramo mpweya.

(4). Kuti mukhalebe ndi mphamvu yamkati, zitseko za chipinda chilichonse choyera mkati mwa chipinda choyeretsera ziyenera kuyang'anizana ndi chipinda chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Izi zimadalira kukakamizidwa kuti atseke chitseko, zomwe zimatsutsana momveka bwino ndi zofunikira kuti anthu asamuke. Kuti tiganizire zofunikira zonse zaukhondo wamba komanso kuthamangitsidwa mwadzidzidzi, zimanenedwa kuti zitseko pakati pa malo oyera ndi malo osayera, ndi zitseko pakati pa malo oyera ndi kunja ziyenera kuchitidwa ngati zitseko zopulumutsira chitetezo, ndipo njira yawo yotsegulira idzakhala yopita kumalo othawa. Inde, zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pazitseko zachitetezo chimodzi.