Cholinga cha kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chipinda choyera chikukwaniritsa ukhondo wofunikira wa tizilombo mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera. Chifukwa chake, kuyeretsa zipinda zoyeretsera ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kuwononga. Zotsatirazi ndi masitepe asanu ndi atatu ofunikira pakuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti zipinda zaukhondo zizikhala zaukhondo.
1. Kumvetsetsa bwino kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mfundo ziwiri zosiyana, nthawi zina zosokoneza. Kuyeretsa, makamaka, kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa musanaphatikizepo mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zotsukira zoyeretsera pamalo, kuchotsa pamwamba "mafuta" (monga fumbi ndi mafuta). Kuwotcha mafuta ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri musanaphatikizepo mankhwala ophera tizilombo, popeza mafuta ochulukirapo akatsalira, mankhwala ophera tizilombo sakhala opambana.
Zotsukira nthawi zambiri zimalowa mumafuta, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake yapamtunda (mafuta amamatira pamwamba) kuti achotsedwe (kutanthauza, zotsukira zimawonjezera mphamvu yoyeretsa yamadzi).
Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumaphatikizapo kutseketsa kwa mankhwala, komwe kungathe kupha mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo ndi sporicides).
2. Kusankha zotsukira zoyenera kwambiri ndi zophera tizilombo
Kusankha zotsukira zoyenera kwambiri ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikofunikira. Oyang'anira zipinda zoyeretsera akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zoyeretsera ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo zikuyenda bwino ndikusankha zida zoyenera zoyeretsera ndi zophera tizilombo pamtundu uliwonse wachipinda choyera. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mankhwala ena oyeretsera ndi ophera tizilombo sangathe kusakanikirana.
Posankha choyeretsera, mfundo zotsatirazi ndi zofunika:
a) Woyeretsayo asakhale wosalowerera ndale komanso wopanda ionic.
b) Choyeretsera chizikhala chosatulutsa thovu.
c) Chotsukiracho chigwirizane ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (mwachitsanzo, chotsalira chotsuka sayenera kusokoneza mphamvu ya mankhwala).
Posankha mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
a) Kuti akwaniritse malamulo a GMP, mankhwala ophera tizilombo awiriwa amayenera kuzunguliridwa. Ngakhale maulamuliro amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kunena mwasayansi, izi sizofunikira. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, mankhwala awiri opha tizilombo omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosiyana ayenera kusankhidwa. Ndikoyenera kusankha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
b) Mankhwalawa akuyenera kukhala ndi zochita zambiri, kutanthauza kuti amapha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, kuphatikiza mabakiteriya a gram-negative ndi gram-positive.
c) Moyenera, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kukhala othamanga. Kuthamanga kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumatengera nthawi yolumikizana yomwe imafunikira kuti mankhwalawa aphe tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Nthawi yolumikizana iyi ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mankhwala ophera tizilombo amayenera kukhala anyowa.
d) Zotsalira za organic ndi zotsalira zotsukira zisasokoneze mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
e) Pazipinda zoyera zamagulu apamwamba (mwachitsanzo, ISO 14644 Class 5 ndi 7), mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kukhala osabala kapena otsekedwa ndi ogwira ntchito m'zipinda zoyera.
f) Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwa chipinda choyeretsera. Ngati chipinda choyeretsa ndi chipinda chozizira, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ayenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti akugwira ntchito pa kutentha kumeneko.
g) Mankhwala ophera tizilombo sayenera kuwononga zinthu zophera tizilombo. Ngati kuwonongeka kungatheke, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zipewe. Mankhwala ambiri ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amakhala ndi chlorine, yomwe imatha kuwononga zinthu monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ngati chotsaliracho sichichotsedwa mwachangu mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito.
h) Mankhwalawa akuyenera kukhala opanda vuto kwa ogwira ntchito komanso kutsatira malamulo a zaumoyo ndi chitetezo mdera lanu.
i) Mankhwala ophera majeremusi akuyenera kukhala otsika mtengo, osavuta kusungunula, komanso opezeka m’mitsuko yoyenera, monga mabotolo opopera pamanja. 3. Kumvetsetsa Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Mankhwala opha tizilombo amabwera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, oyenera kupha tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso amawonetsa mphamvu zosiyanasiyana polimbana ndi tizilombo. Mankhwala opha tizilombo amatha kuchitapo kanthu pama cell a tizilombo m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulunjika khoma la cell, nembanemba ya cytoplasmic (pomwe ma phospholipids ndi ma enzymes amapereka zolinga zosiyanasiyana zam'mimba), kapena cytoplasm. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iyi ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikofunikira kwambiri posankha pakati pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi osapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (kusiyanitsa pakati pa mankhwala omwe si oxidizing ndi oxidizing).
Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe si oxidizing amaphatikizapo ma alcohols, aldehydes, amphoteric surfactants, biguanides, phenols, ndi quaternary ammonium compounds. Mankhwala ophera ma oxidizing amaphatikiza ma halogen ndi oxidizing monga peracetic acid ndi chlorine dioxide.
4. Kutsimikizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Kutsimikizira kumaphatikizapo kuyesa kwa labotale pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya AOAC (American) kapena European. Kuyesa kwina kumatha kuchitidwa ndi wopanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, pomwe ena ayenera kuchitikira mnyumba. Kutsimikizika kwa mankhwala opha tizilombo kumaphatikizapo kuyesa kovutirapo, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuyesa njira zophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana (monga kuyimitsidwa), kuyesa malo osiyanasiyana, ndikuyesa mphamvu yophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mkati mwa malo.
5. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Pochita, zinthu zambiri zimatha kukhudza mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi ndikofunikira kuti tiwonetsetse kuti ntchito zopha tizilombo zikuyenda bwino. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi awa:
a) Kukhazikika: Ndi kusankha kokhazikika komwe kumatsimikizira kupha kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri. Lingaliro lakuti kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumapha mabakiteriya ambiri ndi nthano chabe, chifukwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwira bwino ntchito pamlingo woyenera.
b) Nthawi Yaitali: Kutalika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikofunikira. Pamafunika nthawi yokwanira kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda agwirizane ndi tizilombo, kulowa m'makoma a maselo ndi kukafika pamalo omwe akusaka.
c) Chiwerengero ndi mtundu wa tizilombo. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo sagwira ntchito polimbana ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mwachitsanzo, ngati gulu lalikulu la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono taphatikizana, mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe alibe mphamvu yopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sangakhale othandiza. d) Kutentha ndi pH: Mankhwala aliwonse opha tizilombo amakhala ndi pH yoyenera komanso kutentha kwake kuti agwire bwino ntchito. Ngati kutentha ndi pH zili kunja kwa migawo iyi, mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo idzasokonekera.
6. Zipangizo zoyeretsera
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuyeretsa ziyenera kukhala zoyenera komanso zotha kugwiritsa ntchito kagawo kakang'ono kakang'ono ka chotsukira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zotsukira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi, pamalo opangira zida, komanso makoma m'malo osabala amayenera kukhala opanda zipinda zoyera komanso zopanda tinthu (mwachitsanzo, nsalu zosalukidwa, ubweya wopanda lint).
7. Njira zoyeretsera
Njira zoyeretsera ndi zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizofunikira. Ngati zotsukira ndi mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, sizingayeretse bwino pamalopo. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo sangathe kulowa pamwamba pa mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zoyeretsera ndi zopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ziyenera kuchitika, monga:
Sesa fumbi ndi zinyalala (ngati kuli kotheka); Pukutani ndi yankho la detergent kuonetsetsa kuti detergent yauma; Pukutani ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti malo olumikizana azikhala onyowa ndikusunga nthawi yolumikizana; Pukutani ndi madzi a jekeseni kapena 70% IPA (isopropyl alcohol) kuti muchotse zotsalira za mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
8. Kuyang'anira ntchito yoyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kuchita bwino kwa kuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumawunikidwa makamaka kudzera muzotsatira zowunikira chilengedwe chaukhondo. Kuunikaku kumachitidwa ndi zitsanzo za malo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito mbale ndi swabs. Ngati zotsatira sizili m'malire omwe atchulidwa kapena mulingo wowongolera mkati mwamakampani, patha kukhala zovuta ndi oyeretsa ndi opha tizilombo, kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa, kapena njira yoyeretsera. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati zotsatira zikugwirizana ndi miyezo, oyang'anira zipinda zoyeretsa akhoza kunena molimba mtima kuti chipinda choyeracho ndi "choyera".
Chidule
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zatchula njira zisanu ndi zitatu zosungira ukhondo m'zipinda pogwiritsa ntchito zoyeretsera ndi zopha tizilombo. Ndikofunikira kuti masitepewa aphatikizidwe mumayendedwe okhazikika (SOPs) ndikuti maphunziro aperekedwe kwa ogwira ntchito ndi oyang'anira. Malowa akatsimikiziridwa ndikuwongolera, chofunikira kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira kapena njira zolondola, zoyeretsera zoyenera ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikuyeretsa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mosalekeza pakanthawi kovomerezeka. Mwanjira iyi, chipinda choyeretsa chikhoza kukhala choyera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-13-2025