Kukhazikitsa zida zoyeretsera m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kutengera kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya chipinda choyera. Tsatanetsatane wotsatirawu udzafotokozedwa.
1. Njira yokhazikitsira zida: Njira yabwino ndiyo kutseka chipinda choyera panthawi yokhazikitsa zida, ndikukhala ndi chitseko chomwe chingafikire mbali yowonera zida kapena kusunga njira yolowera kuti zida zatsopano zidutse ndikulowa m'chipinda choyera kuti chipinda choyera chisadetsedwe pafupi ndi nthawi yokhazikitsira, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chipinda choyera chikukwaniritsa zofunikira zake zaukhondo komanso ntchito yotsatira yomwe ikufunika.
2. Ngati ntchito m'chipinda choyera singathe kuyimitsidwa nthawi iliyonse yokhazikitsa, kapena ngati pali nyumba zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa, kuyendetsa chipinda choyera kuyenera kuchotsedwa bwino kuchokera kumalo ogwirira ntchito: makoma olekanitsa kwakanthawi kapena magawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuti musalepheretse ntchito yokhazikitsa, payenera kukhala malo okwanira kuzungulira zida. Ngati zinthu zilola, njira yolowera kumalo olekanitsa ikhoza kukhala kudzera munjira zotumizira kapena madera ena osafunikira: ngati izi sizingatheke, njira ziyenera kutengedwa kuti muchepetse kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito yokhazikitsa. Malo olekanitsa ayenera kukhala ndi kuthamanga kofanana kapena kuthamanga koyipa. Mpweya woyera uyenera kudulidwa pamalo okwera kuti mupewe kuthamanga kwabwino pa chipinda choyera chozungulira. Ngati njira yolowera kumalo olekanitsa ili kudzera m'chipinda choyera chapafupi, mapepala omata ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa dothi lomwe nsapato zimanyamula.
3. Mukalowa m'malo okwera kwambiri, nsapato zotayidwa kapena nsapato zapamwamba ndi zovala zogwirira ntchito za chidutswa chimodzi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti mupewe kuipitsa chipinda choyera. Zinthu zotayidwa izi ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanatuluke m'malo oikira zida. Njira zowunikira malo ozungulira malo oikira zida ziyenera kupangidwa ndipo kuyang'anira kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti kuipitsidwa kulikonse komwe kungatulukire m'chipinda choyera chapafupi kwapezeka. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa njira zodzipatula, malo osiyanasiyana ofunikira ogwirira ntchito za anthu onse akhoza kukhazikitsidwa monga magetsi, madzi, gasi, vacuum, mpweya woponderezedwa ndi mapaipi amadzi otayira, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwongolera ndi kupatula utsi ndi zinyalala zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchitoyi momwe zingathere kuti mupewe kufalikira mosayembekezereka ku chipinda choyera chozungulira. Izi ziyeneranso kuthandizira kuyeretsa bwino musanachotse chotchinga chodzipatula. Malo ogwirira ntchito za anthu onse akakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, malo onse oikira zida ayenera kutsukidwa ndikutsukidwa malinga ndi njira zoyeretsera zomwe zafotokozedwa. Malo onse, kuphatikiza makoma onse, zida (zokhazikika komanso zosunthika) ndi pansi, ziyenera kutsukidwa, kupukutidwa ndi kupopedwa, ndikuyang'aniridwa kwambiri malo oyeretsera kumbuyo kwa alonda a zida ndi pansi pa zida.
4. Kuyesa koyambirira kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida kungachitike kutengera momwe chipinda choyera chilili komanso zida zoyikidwa, koma kuyesa kotsatira kuyenera kuchitika pamene malo oyera akwaniritsidwa mokwanira. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamalo oyikapo, mutha kuyamba kugwetsa mosamala khoma lodzipatula; ngati mpweya woyera wazimitsidwa, yambitsaninso; nthawi ya gawo ili la ntchito iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kuti muchepetse kusokoneza ntchito yachizolowezi ya chipinda choyera. Pakadali pano, kungakhale kofunikira kuyeza ngati kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono touluka kukukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa.
5. Kuyeretsa ndi kukonza mkati mwa zipangizo ndi zipinda zazikulu zogwirira ntchito kuyenera kuchitika m'malo oyera bwino. Zipinda zonse zamkati ndi malo onse omwe amakhudzana ndi chinthucho kapena omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kunyamula zinthuzo ayenera kuchotsedwa mpaka pamlingo woyenera wa ukhondo. Kuyeretsa kwa zipangizozo kuyenera kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ngati tinthu tafalikira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri tidzagwa pansi pa zipangizozo kapena pansi chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Tsukani pamwamba pa zipangizozo kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ngati pakufunika kutero, kuzindikira tinthu ta pamwamba pa zinthuzo kuyenera kuchitika m'malo omwe zofunikira pakupanga kapena kupanga zinthuzo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
6. Poganizira makhalidwe a chipinda choyera, makamaka malo akuluakulu, ndalama zambiri, kutulutsa zinthu zambiri komanso zofunikira kwambiri paukhondo wa chipinda choyera chaukadaulo wapamwamba, kuyika zida zopangira zinthu mu chipinda choyera chamtunduwu kumafanana kwambiri ndi chipinda choyera wamba. Palibe zofunikira zenizeni. Pachifukwa ichi, muyezo wadziko lonse wa "Code for Clean Room Construction and Quality Acceptance" womwe watulutsidwa unapereka njira zina zokhazikitsira zida zopangira zinthu mu chipinda choyera, makamaka kuphatikiza izi.
A. Pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa chipinda choyera (malo) chomwe chalandiridwa "chopanda kanthu" panthawi yokhazikitsa zida zopangira, njira yokhazikitsira zidazo siyenera kugwedezeka kwambiri kapena kupendekeka, ndipo siyenera kugawidwa ndikuipitsa malo a zida.
B. Kuti kuyika zida zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera (malo) kukhale koyenera komanso kopanda kapena kosakhala ndi malo ambiri, komanso kutsatira njira yoyendetsera zinthu zoyera m'chipinda choyera, onetsetsani kuti njira yokhazikitsira zida zopangira zinthuzo ikutetezedwa malinga ndi "zinthu zomalizidwa" zosiyanasiyana ndi "zinthu zomalizidwa pang'ono" zomwe zalandiridwa "mulibiretu kanthu", zipangizo, makina, ndi zina zotero zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa siziyenera kutulutsa kapena kutulutsa (kuphatikizapo kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chipinda choyera kwa nthawi yayitali) zinthu zodetsa zomwe zimawononga zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa. Zipangizo zoyera za chipinda zomwe zilibe fumbi, zopanda dzimbiri, zopanda mafuta komanso zomwe sizipanga fumbi panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
C. Malo okongoletsera nyumba ya chipinda choyera (malo) ayenera kutetezedwa ndi mapanelo oyera a chipinda, mafilimu ndi zipangizo zina; mbale yosungira zida iyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kapena zofunikira pa zikalata zaukadaulo za zida. Ngati palibe zofunikira, mbale zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena mbale zapulasitiki ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma profiles achitsulo cha kaboni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maziko odziyimira pawokha ndi zolimbitsa pansi ayenera kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri, ndipo pamwamba pake payenera kukhala pathyathyathya komanso posalala; zipangizo zotsekera zotanuka ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potseka.
D. Zipangizo ziyenera kulembedwa ndi zosakaniza, mitundu, tsiku lopangidwa, nthawi yosungira, malangizo a njira yomangira ndi ziphaso za malonda. Makina ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipinda choyera (malo) siziyenera kusunthidwa kupita kuchipinda chosayera (malo) kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Makina ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oyera ziyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo zomwe zili pamakina sizipanga fumbi kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuti fumbi lisawononge chilengedwe. Makina ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ziyenera kutsukidwa mu airlock musanasunthidwe kupita ku malo oyera ndipo ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti zikhale zopanda mafuta, zopanda dothi, zopanda fumbi, komanso zopanda dzimbiri, ndipo ziyenera kusunthidwa mutadutsa mayesowo ndikuyika chikwangwani cha "Oyera" kapena "Malo Oyera Okha".
E. Zipangizo zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera (malo) ziyenera kuyikidwa pa "pansi penipeni" monga pansi okwezeka. Maziko a zida nthawi zambiri ayenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mezzanine yaukadaulo kapena pa mbale yoboola simenti; ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti maziko akhazikitsidwe. Kapangidwe ka pansi katadulidwa ndi sosi yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja kayenera kukulitsidwa, ndipo mphamvu yake yonyamula katundu siyenera kukhala yotsika kuposa mphamvu yoyambirira yonyamula katundu. Pamene maziko odziyimira pawokha a chimango chachitsulo agwiritsidwa ntchito, ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomatira kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo pamwamba pake payenera kukhala pathyathyathya komanso posalala.
F. Pamene njira yokhazikitsira zida zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera (malo) ikufuna kutsegula mabowo m'makoma, denga lopachikidwa ndi pansi lokwezedwa, ntchito zobowola siziyenera kugawa kapena kuipitsa malo a makoma ndi denga lopachikidwa omwe amafunika kusungidwa. Pambuyo potsegula pansi lokwezedwa pamene maziko sangathe kukhazikitsidwa panthawi yake, zitsulo zotetezera ndi zizindikiro zoopsa ziyenera kuyikidwa; pambuyo pokhazikitsa zida zopangira, mpata wozungulira dzenje uyenera kutsekedwa, ndipo zida ndi zida zotsekera ziyenera kukhala zolumikizana mosinthasintha, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa gawo lotsekera ndi khoma kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kolimba; malo otsekera mbali imodzi ya chipinda chogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala athyathyathya komanso osalala.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-16-2024