Kuyika kwa zida zogwirira ntchito m'chipinda choyera kuyenera kutengera kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera. Mfundo zotsatirazi zidzafotokozedwa.
1. Njira yopangira zida: Njira yabwino ndiyo kutseka chipinda choyera panthawi yoyika zida, ndikukhala ndi chitseko chomwe chingakwaniritse mbali yowonera zida kapena kusunga kanjira kuti zida zatsopano zidutse ndikulowa m'chipinda choyera pofuna kuteteza chipinda choyera pafupi ndi nthawi yoyika kuti chisaipitsidwe, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chipinda choyera chikukwaniritsabe zofunikira zaukhondo ndi ntchito yotsatira.
2. Ngati ntchito m'chipinda chaukhondo sichingayimitsidwe nthawi iliyonse yoyika, kapena ngati pali zomanga zomwe zikufunika kugwetsedwa, kuyendetsa chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala chotalikirana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito: makoma odzipatula kwakanthawi kapena magawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuti musalepheretse ntchito yoyikapo, payenera kukhala malo okwanira kuzungulira zida. Ngati mikhalidwe ikuloleza, mwayi wopita kumalo odzipatula ukhoza kupyolera mu njira zothandizira kapena madera ena osafunikira: ngati izi sizingatheke, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha ntchito yoyikapo. Malo odzipatula ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zofanana kapena kupanikizika koipa. Mpweya waukhondo uyenera kuzimitsidwa pamalo okwera kuti apewe kupanikizika kwabwino pazipinda zaukhondo zozungulira. Ngati mwayi wopita kumalo opulumukirako ndi kudzera m'chipinda chaukhondo choyandikira, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomata zomata pochotsa litsiro la nsapato.
3. Pambuyo polowa m'dera lapamwamba, nsapato zowonongeka kapena zowonjezera ndi zovala zogwirira ntchito imodzi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zisawononge chipinda choyera. Zinthu zotayidwazi ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanachoke kumalo okhala kwaokha. Njira zowunika malo ozungulira malo odzipatula panthawi yoyika zida ziyenera kupangidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zowunikira ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti zidziwitso zilizonse zomwe zingalowe m'chipinda chaukhondo zapezeka. Njira zodzipatula zitakhazikitsidwa, zida zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito zaboma zitha kukhazikitsidwa monga magetsi, madzi, gasi, vacuum, mpweya woponderezedwa ndi mapaipi amadzi otayira, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa pakuwongolera ndikupatula utsi ndi zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa ndi opareshoni momwe mungathere kuti mupewe kufalikira modzidzimutsa kuchipinda choyera chozungulira. Komanso atsogolere ogwira kuyeretsa pamaso kuchotsa kudzipatula chotchinga. Malo ogwirira ntchito aboma akakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito, malo onse odzipatula ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kuipitsidwa malinga ndi njira zoyeretsera. Malo onse, kuphatikizapo makoma onse, zipangizo (zokhazikika ndi zosunthika) ndi pansi, ziyenera kutsukidwa, kupukuta ndi kupukuta, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kuyeretsa malo omwe ali kumbuyo kwa alonda ndi pansi pa zipangizo.
4. Kuyesa koyambirira kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida kumatha kuchitidwa motengera momwe chipinda choyeretsera chilili komanso zida zoyikidwa, koma kuyezetsa kovomerezeka kotsatira kuyenera kuchitidwa pomwe malo oyera akwaniritsidwa. Kutengera ndi zomwe zili pamalo oyikapo, mutha kuyamba kugwetsa mosamala khoma lodzipatula; ngati mpweya woyera wazimitsidwa, yambaninso; nthawi ya gawo ili la ntchito iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kuti achepetse kusokoneza ntchito yachibadwa ya chipinda choyera. Panthawiyi, pangakhale koyenera kuyeza ngati kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwa.
5. Kuyeretsa ndi kukonza mkati mwa zida ndi zipinda zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kuchitika pansi pazipinda zoyera. Zipinda zonse zamkati ndi malo onse omwe amakhudzana ndi mankhwala kapena zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kazinthu ziyenera kufufutidwa mpaka pamlingo wofunikira waukhondo. Njira yoyeretsera zida ziyenera kukhala kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tafalikira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timagwera pansi pa zida kapena pansi chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Yeretsani kunja kwa zida kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Pakafunika, kuzindikira tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuyenera kuchitidwa m'malo omwe zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kapena kupanga ndizofunikira.
6. Poona makhalidwe a chipinda choyera, makamaka m'dera lalikulu, ndalama zambiri, kutulutsa kwakukulu ndi zofunikira zaukhondo kwambiri za chipinda choyera chamakono, kuyika zipangizo zopangira ntchito mumtundu uwu wa chipinda choyera ndizofanana ndi za chipinda choyera chamba. Palibe zofunikira zenizeni. Kuti izi zitheke, mulingo wapadziko lonse wa "Code for Clean Room Construction and Quality Acceptance" womwe watulutsidwa udapanga zinthu zina pakukhazikitsa zida zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera, makamaka kuphatikiza zotsatirazi.
A. Pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa chipinda choyera (malo) chomwe chakhala chikuvomerezedwa "chopanda kanthu" panthawi yoyika zida zopangira, kuyika kwa zipangizozo sikuyenera kukhala ndi kugwedezeka kwakukulu kapena kupendekeka, ndipo sayenera kugawidwa ndikuyipitsa malo a zipangizo.
B. Pofuna kupanga unsembe wa zipangizo kupanga ndondomeko m'chipinda choyera (m'dera) mwadongosolo ndi popanda kapena ndi kukhala pansi, ndi kutsatira dongosolo woyera kupanga kasamalidwe m'chipinda choyera, kuonetsetsa kuti unsembe wa zipangizo kupanga ndi kutetezedwa molingana ndi "zomalizidwa" zosiyanasiyana "zomaliza" ndi "zomaliza" zovomerezeka "zopanda kanthu boma", zipangizo, makina, ndi zina zotero zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndondomeko yosungiramo zinthu zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nthawi yayitali kapena kuyeretsa chipindacho sichiyenera kutulutsa nthawi yaitali kapena yoyeretsa (kupatula nthawi yoyeretsa). zowononga zomwe zimawononga zinthu zopangidwa. Zida zoyera za m'chipinda zomwe zilibe fumbi, zopanda dzimbiri, zopanda mafuta komanso zosapanga fumbi panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
C. Malo okongoletsera nyumba ya chipinda choyera (malo) ayenera kutetezedwa ndi mapanelo aukhondo achipinda, mafilimu ndi zipangizo zina; zida zothandizira mbale ziyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake kapena zida zofunikira zolembedwa. Ngati palibe zofunikira, mbale zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena pulasitiki ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbiri zazitsulo za kaboni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaziko odziyimira pawokha ndi zolimbitsa pansi ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi anti-corrosion, ndipo pamwamba pake payenera kukhala lathyathyathya komanso losalala; zosindikizira zotanuka ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga caulking.
D. Zida ziyenera kulembedwa ndi zosakaniza, mitundu, tsiku la kupanga, nthawi yovomerezeka yosungira, malangizo a njira yomanga ndi ziphaso za mankhwala. Makina ndi zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zoyera (malo) zisasunthidwe kuchipinda chopanda ukhondo kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito. Makina ndi zida zisasunthidwe kuchipinda choyera (malo) kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito. Makina ndi zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo aukhondo ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mbali zowonekera za makinawo sizipanga fumbi kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuti fumbi lisaipitse chilengedwe. Makina ogwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ayenera kutsukidwa mu airlock asanasunthidwe kumalo oyera ndipo ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti asakhale opanda mafuta, opanda dothi, opanda fumbi, komanso opanda dzimbiri, ndipo ayenera kusunthidwa pambuyo pochita kuyendera ndikuyika chizindikiro cha "Oyera" kapena "Dera Loyera".
E. Zida zopangira zopangira m'chipinda choyera (malo) ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa "nsanjika zinazake" monga zokwezeka. Maziko a zida ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamunsi mwaukadaulo wa mezzanine kapena pa mbale ya simenti; ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa kukhazikitsa maziko. Mapangidwe a pansi atatha kudulidwa ndi macheka amagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja ayenera kulimbikitsidwa, ndipo mphamvu yake yonyamula katundu siyenera kukhala yotsika kuposa mphamvu yoyamba yonyamula katundu. Pamene maziko odziyimira pawokha a chitsulo chachitsulo akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ayenera kupangidwa ndi galvanized material kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo malo owonekera ayenera kukhala osalala komanso osalala.
F. Pamene njira yopangira zida zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera (m'dera) imafuna kutsegula mabowo muzitsulo zapakhoma, denga loyimitsidwa ndi malo okwera, ntchito zobowola siziyenera kugawanitsa kapena kuipitsa malo a mapanelo a khoma ndi mapanelo oimitsidwa omwe amafunika kusungidwa. Pambuyo pa kutsegulidwa kwa malo okwera pamene maziko sangathe kukhazikitsidwa panthawi yake, zotetezera chitetezo ndi zizindikiro zoopsa ziyenera kuikidwa; zida zopangira zida zitayikidwa, kusiyana kozungulira dzenje kuyenera kusindikizidwa, ndipo zida ndi zida zosindikizira ziyenera kukhala zosinthika, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa gawo losindikiza ndi gulu la khoma kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kolimba; malo osindikizira mbali imodzi ya chipinda chogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala osasunthika komanso osalala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-16-2024