IS0 14644-5 imafuna kuti kuyika zida zokhazikika m'zipinda zoyera kuyenera kutengera kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya chipinda choyera. Tsatanetsatane wotsatirawu udzafotokozedwa pansipa.
1. Njira yokhazikitsira zida: Njira yabwino ndiyo kutseka chipinda choyera panthawi yokhazikitsa zida, ndikukhala ndi chitseko chomwe chingafikire mbali yowonera zida kapena kusunga njira pa bolodi kuti zida zatsopano zidutse ndikulowa m'chipinda choyera kuti chipinda choyera pafupi ndi nthawi yokhazikitsira chisaipitsidwe, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chipinda choyera chikukwaniritsa zofunikira zake zaukhondo komanso ntchito yotsatira yomwe ikufunika.
2. Ngati ntchito m'chipinda choyera singathe kuyimitsidwa nthawi iliyonse yokhazikitsa, kapena ngati pali nyumba zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa, chipinda choyera chogwirira ntchito chiyenera kuchotsedwa bwino kuchokera kumalo ogwirira ntchito: makoma olekanitsa kwakanthawi kapena magawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuti asalepheretse ntchito yokhazikitsa, payenera kukhala malo okwanira kuzungulira zida. Ngati zinthu zilola, njira yolowera kumalo olekanitsa ikhoza kukhala kudzera munjira zotumizira kapena madera ena osafunikira: ngati izi sizingatheke, njira ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zichepetse kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito yokhazikitsa. Malo olekanitsa ayenera kukhala ndi kuthamanga kofanana kapena kuthamanga koyipa. Mpweya woyera uyenera kudulidwa pamalo okwera kuti apewe kuthamanga kwabwino m'zipinda zoyera zozungulira. Ngati njira yolowera kumalo olekanitsa ili kudzera m'chipinda choyera chapafupi, mapepala omata ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa dothi pa nsapato.
3. Mukalowa m'malo okwera kwambiri, nsapato zotayidwa kapena nsapato zapamwamba ndi zovala zogwirira ntchito za chidutswa chimodzi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti mupewe kuipitsa zovala zoyera. Zinthu zotayidwa izi ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanatuluke m'malo oikira zida. Njira zowunikira malo ozungulira malo oikira zida ziyenera kupangidwa ndipo kuyang'anira kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti kuipitsidwa kulikonse komwe kungatulukire m'chipinda choyera chapafupi kwapezeka. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa njira zodzipatula, malo osiyanasiyana ofunikira ogwirira ntchito, monga magetsi, madzi, gasi, vacuum, mpweya wopanikizika ndi mapaipi amadzi otayira, akhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwongolera ndi kupatula utsi ndi zinyalala zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchitoyi momwe zingathere kuti mupewe kufalikira mosayembekezereka ku chipinda choyera chozungulira. Iyeneranso kuthandizira kuyeretsa bwino musanachotse chotchinga chodzipatula. Malo ogwirira ntchito za anthu onse akakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito, malo onse oikira zida ayenera kutsukidwa ndikuchotsedwa kuipitsidwa malinga ndi njira zoyeretsera zomwe zafotokozedwa. Malo onse, kuphatikiza makoma onse, zida (zokhazikika komanso zosunthika) ndi pansi, ziyenera kutsukidwa, kupukutidwa ndi kupopedwa, ndipo chisamaliro chapadera chiperekedwa ku malo oyeretsera kumbuyo kwa alonda a zida ndi pansi pa zida.
4. Kuyesa koyambirira kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida kungachitike kutengera momwe chipinda choyera chilili komanso momwe zida zoyikidwa, koma kuyesa kotsatira kuyenera kuchitika pamene malo oyera akwaniritsidwa mokwanira. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamalo oyikapo, mutha kuyamba kugwetsa mosamala khoma lodzipatula; ngati mpweya woyera wazimitsidwa, yambaninso; nthawi ya gawo ili la ntchito iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kuti muchepetse kusokoneza ntchito yachizolowezi ya chipinda choyera. Pakadali pano, kungakhale kofunikira kuyeza ngati kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono touluka kukukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa.
5. Kuyeretsa ndi kukonza mkati mwa zipangizo ndi zipinda zazikulu zogwirira ntchito kuyenera kuchitika m'malo oyera bwino. Zipinda zonse zamkati ndi malo onse omwe amakhudzana ndi chinthucho kapena omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kunyamula zinthuzo ayenera kuchotsedwa mpaka pamlingo woyenera wa ukhondo. Kuyeretsa kwa zipangizozo kuyenera kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ngati tinthu tafalikira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri tidzagwa pansi pa zipangizozo kapena pansi chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Tsukani pamwamba pa zipangizozo kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ngati pakufunika kutero, kuzindikira tinthu ta pamwamba pa zinthuzo kuyenera kuchitika m'malo omwe zofunikira pakupanga kapena kupanga zinthuzo ndizofunikira kwambiri.
6. Poganizira makhalidwe a zipinda zoyera, makamaka malo akuluakulu, ndalama zambiri, kutulutsa zinthu zambiri komanso zofunikira kwambiri paukhondo wa zipinda zoyera zapamwamba, kuyika zida zopangira zinthu mufakitale yoyera yamtunduwu kumafanana kwambiri ndi zipinda zoyera wamba. Pachifukwa ichi, muyezo wadziko lonse wa "Code for Clean Factory Construction and Quality Acceptance" womwe unatulutsidwa mu 2015 unapereka njira zina zokhazikitsira zida zopangira zinthu m'mafakitale oyera, makamaka kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi.
①. Pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa chipinda choyera chomwe chalandiridwa "chopanda kanthu" panthawi yokhazikitsa zida zopangira, njira yokhazikitsira zidazo siyenera kugwedezeka kwambiri kapena kupendekeka, ndipo siyenera kugawidwa ndikuipitsa malo a zida.
②. Pofuna kukhazikitsa zida zopangira m'chipinda choyera bwino komanso popanda kapena popanda kukhalapo kwambiri, komanso kutsatira njira yoyendetsera bwino yopangira zinthu m'malo oyera, onetsetsani kuti njira yokhazikitsira zida zopangira zinthuyo yatetezedwa malinga ndi "zinthu zomalizidwa" zosiyanasiyana ndi "zinthu zomalizidwa pang'ono" zomwe zalandiridwa "mulibiretu kanthu", zipangizo, makina, ndi zina zotero zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa siziyenera kutulutsa kapena kutulutsa (kuphatikizapo nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito m'chipinda choyera) zinthu zodetsa zomwe zimawononga zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa. Zipangizo zoyera zomwe zilibe fumbi, dzimbiri, mafuta komanso zomwe sizipanga fumbi panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
③. Malo okongoletsera nyumba ya chipinda choyera ayenera kutetezedwa ndi mbale zoyera, zopanda fumbi, mafilimu ndi zinthu zina; mbale yosungira zida iyenera kupangidwa motsatira kapangidwe kapena zofunikira pa zikalata zaukadaulo za zida. Ngati palibe zofunikira, mbale zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena mbale zapulasitiki ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma profiles achitsulo cha kaboni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maziko odziyimira pawokha komanso zolimbitsa pansi ayenera kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri, ndipo pamwamba pake payenera kukhala pathyathyathya komanso posalala; zipangizo zotsekera zotanuka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potseka.
④. Zipangizo ziyenera kulembedwa ndi zosakaniza, mitundu, tsiku lopangidwa, nthawi yosungira, malangizo a njira yomangira ndi ziphaso zoyenerera zinthu. Makina ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zoyera siziyenera kusunthidwa kupita kuzipinda zosayera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Makina ndi zida siziyenera kusunthidwa kupita kuchipinda choyera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Makina ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo oyera ziyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zigawo zomwe zikuwonekera sizipanga fumbi kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuti fumbi lisawononge chilengedwe. Makina ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ziyenera kutsukidwa mu airlock musanasunthidwe kupita kudera loyera. , ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti zikhale zopanda mafuta, zopanda dothi, zopanda fumbi, komanso zopanda dzimbiri, ndipo ziyenera kusunthidwa mutadutsa mayeso ndikuyika chikwangwani cha "Oyera" kapena "Malo Oyera Okha".
⑤. Zipangizo zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera ziyenera kuyikidwa pa "pansi penipeni" monga pansi yokwezedwa. Maziko a zida nthawi zambiri ayenera kuyikidwa pansi pa mezzanine yaukadaulo kapena pa mbale yoboola simenti; ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa kuti zikhazikitsidwe maziko. Kapangidwe ka pansi pambuyo podulidwa ndi sosi yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja kayenera kulimbikitsidwa, ndipo mphamvu yake yonyamula katundu siyenera kukhala yotsika kuposa mphamvu yoyambirira yonyamula katundu. Pamene maziko odziyimira pawokha a chimango chachitsulo agwiritsidwa ntchito, ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zomatira kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo pamwamba pake payenera kukhala pathyathyathya komanso posalala.
⑥. Pamene njira yokhazikitsira zida zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera ikufuna mabowo otseguka m'makoma, denga lopachikidwa ndi pansi lokwezedwa, ntchito zobowola siziyenera kugawa kapena kuipitsa malo a makoma ndi denga lopachikidwa omwe amafunika kusungidwa. Pambuyo potsegula pansi lokwezedwa pamene maziko sangathe kukhazikitsidwa panthawi yake, zitsulo zotetezera ndi zizindikiro zoopsa ziyenera kuyikidwa; pambuyo pokhazikitsa zida zopangira, mpata wozungulira dzenje uyenera kutsekedwa, ndipo zida ndi zida zotsekera ziyenera kukhala zosinthasintha, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa gawo lotsekera ndi mbale ya pakhoma kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kolimba; malo otsekera mbali imodzi ya chipinda chogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala athyathyathya komanso osalala.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-06-2023