IS0 14644-5 imafuna kuti kuyika zida zokhazikika m'zipinda zoyera ziyenera kutengera kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera. Mfundo zotsatirazi zidzafotokozedwa pansipa.
1. Njira yoyika zida: Njira yabwino ndikutseka chipinda choyera panthawi yoyika zida, ndikukhala ndi chitseko chomwe chingakwaniritse mbali yowonera zida kapena kusungitsa kanjira pa bolodi kuti zida zatsopano zidutse ndikulowa zoyera. chipinda pofuna kuteteza chipinda choyera pafupi ndi nthawi yoyikapo kuti chisaipitsidwe, njira zotetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti chipinda choyera chikukwaniritsabe zofunikira zaukhondo ndi ntchito yotsatila.
2. Ngati ntchito m'chipinda choyera sichingayimitsidwe panthawi iliyonse yoyika, kapena ngati pali zomanga zomwe ziyenera kuphwanyidwa, chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhala chopanda ntchito: makoma odzipatula kwa kanthawi kapena magawo angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuti musalepheretse ntchito yoyikapo, payenera kukhala malo okwanira kuzungulira zida. Ngati mikhalidwe ikuloleza, mwayi wopita kumalo odzipatula ukhoza kupyolera mu njira zothandizira kapena madera ena osafunikira: ngati izi sizingatheke, njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha ntchito yoyikapo. Malo odzipatula ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zofanana kapena kupanikizika koipa. Mpweya waukhondo uyenera kudulidwa pamalo okwera kuti apewe kupanikizika kwabwino pazipinda zoyera zozungulira. Ngati mwayi wopita kumalo odzipatula ndi kudzera m'chipinda chaukhondo choyandikana nacho, zomata zomata ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa dothi pa nsapato.
3. Pambuyo polowa m'dera lapamwamba, nsapato zowonongeka kapena zowonjezera ndi zovala zogwirira ntchito imodzi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zisawononge zovala zoyera. Zinthu zotayidwazi ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanachoke kumalo okhala kwaokha. Njira zowunika malo ozungulira malo odzipatula panthawi yoyika zida ziyenera kupangidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zowunikira ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti zidziwitso zilizonse zomwe zingalowe m'chipinda chaukhondo zapezeka. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa njira zodzipatula, malo osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito aboma, monga magetsi, madzi, gasi, vacuum, mpweya woponderezedwa ndi mapaipi amadzi onyansa, amatha kukhazikitsidwa. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwongolera ndi kulekanitsa utsi ndi zinyalala zopangidwa ndi opaleshoniyo momwe zingathere kuti tipewe kufalikira modzidzimutsa kuchipinda choyera chozungulira. Komanso atsogolere ogwira kuyeretsa pamaso kuchotsa kudzipatula chotchinga. Malo ogwirira ntchito aboma akakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsidwa ntchito, malo onse odzipatula ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kuipitsidwa malinga ndi njira zoyeretsera. Malo onse, kuphatikizapo makoma onse, zipangizo (zokhazikika ndi zosunthika) ndi pansi, ziyenera kutsukidwa, kupukuta ndi kupukuta, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kuyeretsa malo omwe ali kumbuyo kwa alonda ndi pansi pa zipangizo.
4. Kuyesa koyambirira kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida kumatha kuchitidwa motengera momwe chipinda choyeretsera chilili komanso zida zoyikidwa, koma kuyezetsa kovomerezeka kotsatira kuyenera kuchitidwa pomwe malo oyera akwaniritsidwa. Kutengera ndi zomwe zili pamalo oyikapo, mutha kuyamba kugwetsa mosamala khoma lodzipatula; ngati mpweya woyera wazimitsidwa, yambaninso; nthawi ya siteji iyi ya ntchito iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kuti achepetse kusokoneza ntchito yachibadwa ya chipinda choyera. Panthawiyi, pangakhale koyenera kuyeza ngati kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwa.
5. Kuyeretsa ndi kukonza mkati mwa zida ndi zipinda zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kuchitika pansi pazipinda zoyera. Zipinda zonse zamkati ndi malo onse omwe amakhudzana ndi mankhwala kapena zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe kazinthu ziyenera kufufutidwa mpaka pamlingo wofunikira waukhondo. Njira yoyeretsera zida ziyenera kukhala kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tafalikira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timagwera pansi pa zida kapena pansi chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka. Yeretsani kunja kwa zida kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Pakafunika, kuzindikira kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kuyenera kuchitika m'malo omwe zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kapena kupanga ndizofunikira.
6. Poganizira makhalidwe a zipinda zoyera, makamaka malo akuluakulu, ndalama zambiri, kutulutsa kwakukulu komanso zofunikira zaukhondo wa zipinda zamakono zamakono, kuyika zipangizo zopangira ntchito mumtundu uwu wa fakitale yoyera ndizofanana ndi zomwezo. a zipinda zaukhondo wamba. Kuti izi zitheke, mulingo wapadziko lonse wa "Code for Clean Factory Construction and Quality Acceptance" womwe unatulutsidwa mu 2015 udapanga zinthu zina zokhazikitsa zida zopangira zinthu m'mafakitole aukhondo, makamaka kuphatikiza zotsatirazi.
①. Pofuna kupewa kuipitsidwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa chipinda choyera chomwe chavomerezedwa "chopanda kanthu" panthawi yoyika zida zopangira, kuyika kwa zidazo sikuyenera kukhala ndi kugwedezeka kwakukulu kapena kupendekeka, ndipo sayenera kugawidwa ndikuyipitsa zida. pamwamba.
②. Kuti apange kuyika kwa zida zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera mwadongosolo komanso mopanda kapena kukhala pansi, ndikutsata dongosolo loyang'anira zopangira zoyera pamisonkhano yoyera, onetsetsani kuti kuyika kwa zida zopangirako kumatetezedwa molingana ndi zosiyanasiyana " zomalizidwa" ndi "zomalizidwa theka-zomaliza" zovomerezeka "zopanda kanthu", zida, makina, ndi zina zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyika siziyenera kutulutsa kapena kutulutsa (kuphatikiza ntchito yabwinobwino ya chipinda choyera kwa nthawi yayitali. nthawi) kuipitsa izo zimawononga zinthu zopangidwa. Zida zoyera zomwe zilibe fumbi, zopanda dzimbiri, zopanda mafuta komanso zosatulutsa fumbi panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
③. Malo okongoletsera a chipinda choyera ayenera kutetezedwa ndi mbale zoyera, zopanda fumbi, mafilimu ndi zipangizo zina; zida zothandizira mbale ziyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake kapena zida zofunikira zolembedwa. Ngati palibe zofunikira, mbale zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena pulasitiki ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbiri zazitsulo za kaboni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaziko odziyimira pawokha ndi zolimbitsa pansi ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi anti-corrosion, ndipo pamwamba pake payenera kukhala lathyathyathya komanso losalala; zotanuka kusindikiza zipangizo ntchito caulking.
④. Zida ziyenera kulembedwa ndi zosakaniza, mitundu, tsiku lopangidwa, nthawi yovomerezeka yosungira, malangizo a njira yomanga ndi ziphaso zovomerezeka. Makina ndi zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zaukhondo zisasunthidwe kuzipinda zopanda ukhondo kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito. Makina ndi zida zisasunthidwe kuchipinda choyera kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito. Makina ndi zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo aukhondo ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mbali zowonekera za makinawo sizitulutsa fumbi kapena kuchitapo kanthu kuti fumbi lisaipitse chilengedwe. Makina ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimayenera kutsukidwa pamalo otsekera mpweya musanasamutsidwe kumalo oyera. , iyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti ikhale yopanda mafuta, yopanda dothi, yopanda fumbi, komanso dzimbiri, ndipo iyenera kusunthidwa pambuyo pochita kuyendera ndikuyika chizindikiro cha "Oyera" kapena "Dera Loyera".
⑤. Zipangizo zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa "pansi penipeni" monga pansi. Maziko a zida ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamunsi mwaukadaulo wa mezzanine kapena pa mbale ya simenti; ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuphwanyidwa kuti zikhazikitse maziko Mapangidwe a pansi atadulidwa ndi macheka amagetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja ayenera kulimbikitsidwa, ndipo mphamvu yake yonyamula katundu siyenera kukhala yochepa kusiyana ndi mphamvu yoyamba yonyamula katundu. Pamene maziko odziyimira pawokha a chitsulo chachitsulo akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ayenera kupangidwa ndi galvanized material kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo malo owonekera ayenera kukhala osalala komanso osalala.
⑥. Pamene kuyika kwa zipangizo zopangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera kumafuna kutsegula mabowo mu mapanelo a khoma, denga loyimitsidwa ndi malo okwera, ntchito zobowola siziyenera kugawanitsa kapena kuwononga malo a mapanelo a khoma ndi denga loyimitsidwa lomwe liyenera kusungidwa. Pambuyo pa kutsegulidwa kwa malo okwera pamene maziko sangathe kukhazikitsidwa panthawi yake, zotetezera chitetezo ndi zizindikiro zoopsa ziyenera kuikidwa; zida zopangira zitayikidwa, kusiyana kozungulira dzenje kuyenera kusindikizidwa, ndipo zida ndi zida zosindikizira ziyenera kukhala zosinthika, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa gawo losindikiza ndi khoma la khoma kuyenera kukhala kolimba komanso kolimba; malo osindikizira mbali imodzi ya chipinda chogwirira ntchito ayenera kukhala osasunthika komanso osalala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-06-2023