- Malingaliro okhudzana ndi chipinda choyera
Malo oyera ndi malo ochepa okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa mumlengalenga. Kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kuyenera kuchepetsa kuyambika, kupanga ndi kusunga tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa mumlengalenga. Zinthu zina zofunika pamalopo monga kutentha, chinyezi ndi kupanikizika zimafunika kulamulidwa. Kuyera mpweya kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa tinthu ta fumbi mumlengalenga pamalo oyera. Kuyera kwa fumbi kukakhala kwakukulu, kuyera kwa fumbi kukakhala kochepa, komanso kuyera kwa fumbi kukakhala kochepa, kuyera kwapadera kumaonekera. Kuyera kwa mpweya kumasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa fumbi mumlengalenga, ndipo mlingo uwu umawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa fumbi mumlengalenga panthawi yogwira ntchito. Tinthu topachikidwa timatanthauza tinthu tolimba ndi tamadzimadzi tomwe tili ndi kukula kwa 0.15μm mumlengalenga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa mpweya.
- Kugawa zipinda zoyera
(1). Malinga ndi mulingo wa ukhondo, umagawidwa m'magulu 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ndi 9. Mulingo 9 ndiye mulingo wotsika kwambiri.
(2). Malinga ndi gulu la kayendetsedwe ka mpweya, zipinda zoyera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: kuyenda kwa mpweya kolunjika, kuyenda kwa laminar ndi chipinda choyera. Kuyenda kwa mpweya kofanana kumasinthasintha mbali imodzi ndi liwiro la mphepo yofanana pa gawo lopingasa. Pakati pawo, kuyenda kwa mpweya kolunjika kolunjika ku ndege yopingasa ndi kuyenda kolunjika kolunjika, ndipo kuyenda kolunjika kofanana ndi ndege yopingasa ndi kuyenda kolunjika kolunjika. Chipinda choyera cha madzi chosasunthika chopanda njira imodzi Chipinda chilichonse choyera chokhala ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya chomwe sichikugwirizana ndi tanthauzo la kuyenda kwa mpweya kolunjika. Chipinda choyera cha madzi osakanikirana: Chipinda choyera chokhala ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya komwe kumaphatikiza kuyenda kwa mpweya kolunjika ndi kuyenda kosagwirizana.
(3). Zipinda zoyera zitha kugawidwa m'zipinda zoyera zamafakitale ndi zipinda zoyera zamoyo malinga ndi magulu a tinthu tomwe timapachikidwa mumlengalenga tomwe tifunika kulamulidwa. Zinthu zazikulu zowongolera zipinda zoyera zamafakitale ndi kutentha, chinyezi, liwiro la mpweya, kapangidwe ka mpweya, ndi ukhondo. Kusiyana pakati pa zipinda zoyera zamoyo ndi zipinda zoyera zamafakitale ndikuti magawo owongolera amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya m'chipinda chowongolera.
(4). Momwe zipinda zoyera zimaonekera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu.
①Malo oyera opanda kanthu okhala ndi zinthu zonse. Mapaipi onse alumikizidwa ndipo akugwira ntchito, koma palibe zida zopangira, zipangizo ndi ogwira ntchito zopangira.
②Chipinda choyera chosasuntha chokhala ndi zinthu zonse. Zipangizo zopangira zayikidwa mchipinda choyera ndipo zayesedwa m'njira yomwe mwiniwake ndi wogulitsa adagwirizana, koma palibe ogwira ntchito opanga omwe alipo.
③Malo ogwirira ntchito ali bwino ndipo pali antchito olembedwa ntchito omwe akuyenera kugwira ntchito motsatira malamulo.
- Kusiyana pakati pa mpweya wozizira m'chipinda choyera ndi mpweya wozizira wamba
Mpweya woyeretsa m'chipinda ndi mtundu wa ntchito yoziziritsa mpweya. Sikuti imangokhala ndi zofunikira zinazake pa kutentha, chinyezi ndi liwiro la mphepo yamkati, komanso ili ndi zofunikira zambiri pa kuchuluka kwa tinthu ta fumbi ndi kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya mumlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, sikuti imangokhala ndi zofunikira zapadera pakupanga ndi kumanga mapulojekiti opumira mpweya, komanso ili ndi zofunikira zapadera komanso miyeso yogwirizana yaukadaulo pakupanga ndi kumanga kapangidwe ka nyumba, kusankha zinthu, njira yomanga, machitidwe omanga, madzi, kutentha ndi magetsi, komanso njira yokhayo. Mtengo wake umawonjezekanso moyenerera. Magawo akuluakulu
Mpweya wozizira umayang'ana kwambiri kutentha, chinyezi, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino, pomwe mpweya wozizira m'chipinda choyera umayang'ana kwambiri kuwongolera fumbi, liwiro la mphepo, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopuma m'nyumba. M'zipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi, ndizomwe zimawongolera kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pazipinda zoyera zamoyo. Kusefa kumatanthauza kuti mpweya wozizira umakhala ndi kusefa koyambirira kokha, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndi kusefa kwapakati. Mpweya wozizira m'chipinda choyera umafuna kusefa kwa magawo atatu, ndiko kuti, kusefa koyambirira, kwapakati, ndi kwa hepa kwa magawo atatu kapena kusefa kolimba, kwapakati, ndi kwa sub-hepa kwa magawo atatu. Kuphatikiza pa kusefa kwa magawo atatu kwa dongosolo loperekera mpweya m'chipinda choyera chamoyo, kuti athetse fungo lapadera la nyama ndikupewa kuipitsa chilengedwe, makina otulutsa utsi alinso ndi kusefa kwachiwiri kwa hepa kapena kusefa kwa poizoni malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Zofunikira pa kupanikizika kwamkati
Mpweya wozizira ulibe zofunikira zapadera pa kupanikizika kwa mkati, pomwe mpweya woyera uli ndi zofunikira zosiyana pa kupanikizika kwabwino m'malo osiyanasiyana oyera kuti mpweya wodetsedwa usalowe kapena kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira zinthu. Palinso zofunikira pakuwongolera kupanikizika koipa m'zipinda zoyera zoyera.
Zipangizo ndi zida
Makina oziziritsira mpweya oyera ali ndi zofunikira zapadera pakusankha zipangizo ndi zida, ukadaulo wopangira, malo okonzera ndi kukhazikitsa, komanso malo osungira zida kuti apewe kuipitsa kwakunja. Izi sizikupezekanso m'makina oziziritsira mpweya. Zofunikira zoletsa mpweya Ngakhale makina oziziritsira mpweya ambiri ali ndi zofunikira pakulimba kwa mpweya ndi kulowa kwa mpweya m'makina. Komabe, zofunikira za makina oziziritsira mpweya oyera ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa za makina oziziritsira mpweya ambiri. Njira zake zozindikirira ndi miyezo ya njira iliyonse ili ndi miyezo yokhwima komanso zofunikira zozindikirira.
Zofunikira zina
Zipinda zonse zokhala ndi mpweya wozizira zimakhala ndi zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka nyumba, uinjiniya wa kutentha, ndi zina zotero, koma sizimasamala kwambiri za kusankha zinthu ndi zofunikira pakuwoneka bwino kwa nyumba. Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira zonse pakuwoneka kwa nyumba, kuwunika ubwino wa nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wozizira kumayang'ana kwambiri kupewa fumbi, kupewa fumbi, ndi kupewa kutayikira kwa madzi. Makonzedwe a njira yomanga ndi zofunikira pakugwirizanitsa ndi zinthu zina ndizokhwima kwambiri kuti zipewe kukonzanso ndi ming'alu yomwe ingayambitse kutayikira kwa madzi. Ilinso ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakugwirizanitsa ndi zofunikira za mitundu ina ya ntchito, makamaka kuyang'ana kwambiri kupewa kutayikira kwa madzi, kupewa mpweya wodetsedwa wakunja kulowa mchipinda choyera, komanso kupewa kusonkhanitsa fumbi kuti lisaipitse chipinda choyera.
4. Kuvomereza kumaliza chipinda choyera
Pambuyo pomaliza ndi kukhazikitsa chipinda choyera, kuyeza magwiridwe antchito ndi kuvomereza ndikofunikira; pamene dongosololi lakonzedwanso kapena kusinthidwa, muyeso wokwanira uyeneranso kuchitika, ndipo momwe chipinda choyera chiyenera kukhalira ziyenera kumvedwa bwino musanayese. Zomwe zili mkati mwake zikuphatikizapo mapulaneti, magawo ndi zithunzi za dongosolo la makina oyeretsera mpweya ndi kapangidwe kake, zofunikira pa malo opumulira mpweya, kuchuluka kwa ukhondo, kutentha, chinyezi, liwiro la mphepo, ndi zina zotero, dongosolo lothandizira mpweya, mpweya wobwerera, kuchuluka kwa utsi ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya, dongosolo loyeretsera anthu ndi zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda choyera, kuipitsa malo opangira fakitale ndi malo ozungulira, ndi zina zotero.
(1). Kuyang'ana mawonekedwe a kuvomereza komaliza kwa chipinda choyera kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi.
①Kukhazikitsa mapaipi osiyanasiyana, zida zozimitsira moto zokha komanso zida zoyeretsera mpweya, mafani, mayunitsi oyeretsera mpweya, zosefera mpweya wa hepa ndi zipinda zosambira ziyenera kukhala zolondola, zolimba komanso zolimba, ndipo kusintha kwawo kuyenera kutsatira malamulo oyenera.
②Kulumikizana pakati pa hepa ndi ma fyuluta apakati a mpweya ndi chimango chothandizira ndi kulumikizana pakati pa njira yopititsira mpweya ndi zida kuyenera kutsekedwa bwino.
③Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zosinthira ziyenera kukhala zolimba, zosinthasintha komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
④Sipadzakhala fumbi pa bokosi loyeretsera mpweya, bokosi lopanikizika losasunthika, makina oyendetsera mpweya ndi malo otulutsira mpweya ndi obweza.
⑤Khoma lamkati, pamwamba pa denga ndi pansi pa chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhala zosalala, zathyathyathya, zamtundu wofanana, zopanda fumbi komanso zopanda magetsi.
⑥Kutseka malo otulutsira mpweya ndi zotulutsira mpweya ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zotumizira mpweya, mapaipi osiyanasiyana, magetsi ndi mapaipi amagetsi ndi zida zoyendetsera mpweya zikamadutsa m'chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhala zokhwima komanso zodalirika.
⑦Mabodi onse ogawa zinthu, makabati m'chipinda choyera ndi mapaipi amagetsi ndi mipata ya mapaipi olowera m'chipinda choyera ziyenera kutsekedwa bwino.
⑧ Mitundu yonse ya ntchito zopaka utoto ndi zotetezera kutentha ziyenera kutsatira malamulo oyenera.
(2). Kuyambitsa ntchito yomaliza kuvomereza kupanga zipinda zoyera
①Kugwiritsa ntchito makina amodzi poyesa zida zonse zomwe zili ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyesera kuyenera kutsatira zomwe zili m'makalata aukadaulo a zida. Zofunikira zomwe zimafunika pa zida zamakina ziyeneranso kutsatira malamulo adziko lonse komanso miyezo yoyenera yamakampani yomanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida zamakina. Nthawi zambiri, zida zomwe zimafunika kuyesedwa m'chipinda choyera zimaphatikizapo mayunitsi oziziritsira mpweya, mabokosi operekera mpweya ndi mafani opopera mpweya, zida zotulutsira utsi, mabenchi ogwirira ntchito oyeretsera, zotsukira zamagetsi, mabokosi owumitsa oyera, makabati osungiramo zinthu oyera ndi zida zina zoyeretsera m'deralo, komanso zipinda zosambiramo mpweya, mavavu otsalira, zida zotsukira fumbi, ndi zina zotero.
② Pambuyo poti makina amodzi ayesa, zida zowongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya za makina operekera mpweya, makina obwezera mpweya, ndi makina otulutsa mpweya ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikusinthidwa kuti kufalikira kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa makina aliwonse kukwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga. Cholinga cha gawo ili la kuyesa makamaka ndikukwaniritsa kusintha ndi kulinganiza kwa makina oyeretsera mpweya, omwe nthawi zambiri amafunika kubwerezedwa kangapo. Kuyesaku kumayang'anira kwambiri kontrakitala, ndipo ogwira ntchito yokonza makina ayenera kutsatira kuti adziwe bwino makinawo. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yogwirira ntchito yoyeserera yophatikizana ya makina kuphatikiza magwero ozizira ndi kutentha nthawi zambiri si yochepera maola 8. Ndikofunikira kuti kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana kwa zida zosiyanasiyana mumakina, kuphatikiza makina oyeretsera mpweya, chipangizo chosinthira chokha, ndi zina zotero, zizigwira ntchito bwino popanda zochitika zachilendo.
5. Kuyenda kwa njira yodziwira chipinda choyera
Zipangizo zonse ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ziyenera kuzindikirika, kuyesedwa kapena kuyesedwa motsatira malamulo. Musanayambe kuyeza, makina, chipinda choyera, chipinda cha makina, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino; pambuyo poyeretsa ndi kusintha makina, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi inayake kenako kuzindikira kutayikira ndi zinthu zina kumayesedwa.
(1) Njira yoyezera chipinda choyera ndi iyi:
1. Kuwomba mpweya wa fan;
2. Kuyeretsa m'nyumba;
3. Sinthani voliyumu ya mpweya;
4. Ikani fyuluta yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yapakatikati;
5. Ikani fyuluta yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri;
6. Kugwira ntchito kwa dongosolo;
7. Kuzindikira kutayikira kwa fyuluta pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino;
8. Sinthani voliyumu ya mpweya;
9. Sinthani kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya mkati mwa nyumba;
10. Sinthani kutentha ndi chinyezi;
11. Kudziwa liwiro lapakati ndi liwiro losafanana la gawo lozungulira la chipinda choyeretsera madzi cha gawo limodzi;
12. Kuyeza ukhondo wa m'nyumba;
13. Kuzindikira mabakiteriya oyandama m'nyumba ndi mabakiteriya okhazikika;
14. Ntchito ndi kusintha kokhudzana ndi zida zopangira.
(2) Maziko owunikira akuphatikizapo tsatanetsatane, zojambula, zikalata zopangira ndi zambiri zaukadaulo za zida, zomwe zagawidwa m'magulu awiri otsatirawa.
1. Zikalata zopangira, zikalata zotsimikizira kusintha kwa kapangidwe ndi mapangano oyenera, ndi zojambula zomalizidwa.
2. Deta yaukadaulo ya zida.
3. "Zofotokozera za Kapangidwe ka Chipinda Choyera", "Zofotokozera za Ubwino wa Kapangidwe ka Mpweya ndi Mpweya" zomangira ndi kuyika
6. Zizindikiro zowunikira
Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kapena liwiro la mpweya, kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'nyumba, kuchuluka kwa ukhondo wa mpweya, nthawi yopumira mpweya, mabakiteriya oyandama ndi okhazikika m'nyumba, kutentha ndi chinyezi, liwiro lapakati, kusalingana kwa liwiro, phokoso, kayendedwe ka mpweya, nthawi yodziyeretsa yokha, kutuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, kuunikira (kuunikira), formaldehyde, ndi kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya.
(1). Chipinda chochitira opaleshoni choyera m'chipatala: liwiro la mphepo, nthawi yopumira mpweya, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yosasunthika, mulingo wa ukhondo, kutentha ndi chinyezi, phokoso, kuwala, ndi kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya.
(2). Zipinda zoyera mumakampani opanga mankhwala: mulingo wa kuyeretsa mpweya, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yosasunthika, liwiro la mphepo kapena kuchuluka kwa mpweya, mawonekedwe a mpweya, kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira, phokoso, nthawi yodziyeretsa yokha, kutayikira kwa fyuluta yoyikidwa, mabakiteriya oyandama, ndi mabakiteriya okhazikika.
(3). Zipinda zoyera mumakampani amagetsi: mulingo wa kuyeretsa mpweya, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yosasunthika, liwiro la mphepo kapena kuchuluka kwa mpweya, mawonekedwe a mpweya, kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira, phokoso, ndi nthawi yodziyeretsa yokha.
(4). Zipinda zoyera mumakampani azakudya: mpweya woyenda molunjika, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yosasunthika, ukhondo, mabakiteriya oyandama mumlengalenga, mabakiteriya okhazikika mumlengalenga, phokoso, kuunikira, kutentha, chinyezi, nthawi yodziyeretsa yokha, formaldehyde, liwiro la mpweya m'gawo lozungulira la malo ogwirira ntchito a Class I, liwiro la mpweya poyambira chitukuko, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya watsopano.
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-11-2025