- Ukhondo wokhudzana ndi zipinda
Malo oyera ndi malo ochepa omwe amalamulidwa ndende ya particles zoyimitsidwa mumlengalenga. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuyenera kuchepetsa kuyambitsa, kupanga ndi kusunga tinthu tating'ono m'malo. Magawo ena ofunikira m'malo monga kutentha, chinyezi ndi kupanikizika zimafunikira kuwongolera. Ukhondo wa mumpweya umatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tokhala mumlengalenga pamalo aukhondo. Kuchuluka kwa fumbi, kutsika kwaukhondo, ndi kutsika kwa fumbi, kumakhala kwaukhondo. Mulingo weniweni wa ukhondo wa mpweya umasiyanitsidwa ndi mulingo waukhondo wa mpweya, ndipo mulingo uwu umawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa fumbi la mlengalenga panthawi yogwira ntchito. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi 0.15μm mumpweya wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ukhondo wa mpweya.
- Gulu la zipinda zoyera
(1). Malingana ndi mlingo wa ukhondo, umagawidwa mu mlingo 1, mlingo 2, mlingo 3, mlingo 4, mlingo 5, mlingo 6, mlingo 7, mlingo 8 ndi mlingo 9. Level 9 ndi otsika kwambiri.
(2). Malinga ndi gulu la airflow gulu, zipinda zoyera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: unidirectional flow, laminar flow and clean room. Mayendedwe a mpweya okhala ndi mitsinje yofananira kunjira imodzi komanso liwiro lofananira lamphepo pamtanda. Pakati pawo, unidirectional otaya perpendicular yopingasa ndege ndi ofukula unidirectional otaya, ndi unidirectional otaya kufanana ndi yopingasa ndege ndi yopingasa unidirectional otaya. Chipinda choyera chopanda unidirectional chopanda unidirectional Chipinda choyera chilichonse chopanda mpweya chomwe sichimakwaniritsa tanthauzo lakuyenda unidirectional. Chipinda choyera chosakanikirana: Chipinda choyera chokhala ndi mpweya womwe umaphatikizira kuyenda kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kuyenda kosagwirizana.
(3). Zipinda zoyera zitha kugawidwa m'zipinda zoyera zamafakitale ndi zipinda zoyera molingana ndi gulu la tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timafunikira kuwongolera. Njira zazikulu zowongolera zipinda zoyera za mafakitale ndi kutentha, chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kayendetsedwe ka mpweya, komanso ukhondo. Kusiyana pakati pa zipinda zoyera za biology ndi zipinda zoyera za mafakitale ndikuti magawo owongolera amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya muchipinda chowongolera.
(4). Kuzindikirika kwa zipinda zoyera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu.
①Chipinda choyera chokhala ndi zida zonse. Mapaipi onse amalumikizidwa ndikuyenda, koma palibe zida zopangira, zida ndi antchito opanga.
②Chipinda choyera chokhala ndi zida zonse. Zida zopangira zidayikidwa m'chipinda choyera ndikuyesedwa m'njira yomwe mwiniwakeyo adagwirizana ndi wogulitsa, koma palibe ogwira ntchito pamalopo.
③Maofesi amphamvu ali m'njira yovomerezeka ndipo pamakhala anthu osankhidwa kuti azigwira ntchito moyenerera.
- Kusiyana pakati pa air conditioning yaukhondo ndi air conditioning
Malo oyera oziziritsa mpweya ndi mtundu wa ntchito yowongolera mpweya. Sikuti ali ndi zofunika zina kwa kutentha, chinyezi ndi mphepo liwiro la mpweya m'nyumba, komanso ali ndi zofunika apamwamba chiwerengero cha fumbi particles ndi ndende bakiteriya mu mlengalenga. Choncho, sikuti ali ndi zofunikira zapadera pakupanga ndi kumanga ntchito zopangira mpweya wabwino, komanso zimakhala ndi zofunikira zapadera ndi zofananira zamakono zopangira mapangidwe ndi zomangamanga, kusankha zinthu, ntchito yomanga, zomangamanga, madzi, kutentha ndi magetsi, ndi ndondomeko yokha. Mtengo wake umakulitsidwanso moyenerera. Main magawo
Ma air conditioning ambiri amayang'ana kwambiri kutentha, chinyezi, ndi mpweya wabwino, pamene mpweya wabwino wa chipinda umayang'ana kwambiri kulamulira fumbi, kuthamanga kwa mphepo, ndi mpweya wabwino wa mpweya wamkati. M'zipinda zokhala ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi, iwonso ndizomwe zimawongolera. Zomwe mabakiteriya ali nazo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zowongolera zipinda zaukhondo. Kusefera kumatanthauza kusefera kwanthawi zonse kumangokhala kusefa koyambirira, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndi kusefera kwapakatikati. Kuyeretsa chipinda cha mpweya kumafuna kusefa kwa magawo atatu, ndiko kuti, kusefera kwapakatikati, kwapakati, ndi hepa kwamilingo itatu kapena kusefera kowawa, sing'anga, ndi sub-hepa katatu. Kuphatikiza pa kusefedwa kwa magawo atatu a mpweya wa chipinda choyera chachilengedwe, kuti athetse fungo lapadera la nyama ndikupewa kuipitsidwa ndi chilengedwe, makina otulutsa mpweya amakhalanso ndi kusefera kwachiwiri kwa hepa kapena kusefera kowopsa kwa adsorption malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Zofunikira zokakamiza m'nyumba
Mpweya wanthawi zonse ulibe zofunika zapadera pakukakamiza kwamkati, pomwe zoziziritsa zoyera zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pamayendedwe abwino amadera osiyanasiyana aukhondo kuti apewe kulowerera kwa mpweya woipitsidwa wakunja kapena kukhudzidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'mashopu osiyanasiyana opangira. Palinso zofunika zowongolera kupanikizika koyipa m'zipinda zoyera zoyera.
Zida ndi zida
Makina owongolera mpweya wa Cleanroom ali ndi zofunikira zapadera pakusankha zida ndi zida, ukadaulo wopangira, kukonza ndi kuyika chilengedwe, komanso malo osungiramo zida za zida kuti apewe kuipitsidwa kwakunja. Izi sizipezekanso m'makina owongolera mpweya. Zofunikira Zopanda mpweya Ngakhale makina owongolera mpweya ali ndi zofunika pakulimba kwa mpweya komanso kutulutsa mpweya kwadongosolo. Komabe, zofunikira zamakina owongolera mpweya wabwino ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa zamakina wamba. Njira zake zodziwira ndi miyezo panjira iliyonse zimakhala ndi miyeso yolimba komanso zofunikira zowunikira.
Zofunikira zina
Zipinda zonse zokhala ndi mpweya wabwino zimakhala ndi zofunikira pakumanga nyumba, uinjiniya wamatenthedwe, ndi zina zambiri, koma salabadira kwambiri kusankha kwazinthu ndi zofunika kuti pakhale mpweya. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zimafunikira pakuwoneka bwino kwa nyumba, kuwunika kwabwino kwa zomangamanga pogwiritsa ntchito zowongolera mpweya zimayang'ana kwambiri kupewa fumbi, kupewa fumbi, komanso kupewa kutayikira. Makonzedwe a ntchito yomanga ndi zofunikira zophatikizika ndizovuta kwambiri kuti apewe kukonzanso ndi ming'alu yomwe ingayambitse kutayikira. Lilinso ndi zofunikira zoyendetsera ntchito ndi zofunikira za mitundu ina ya ntchito, makamaka popewa kutayikira, kuteteza mpweya woipitsidwa wakunja kuti usalowe m'chipinda choyera, komanso kuteteza fumbi kuti liwononge chipinda choyera.
4. Kuvomereza kukwaniritsidwa kwa zipinda
Pambuyo pomaliza ndi kutumizidwa kwa chipinda choyera, kuyeza ntchito ndi kuvomereza kumafunika; pamene dongosololi likukonzedwanso kapena kusinthidwa, muyeso wokwanira uyeneranso kuchitidwa, ndipo mkhalidwe wa chipinda choyera uyenera kumveka bwino musanayambe kuyeza. Nkhani zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo ndege, gawo ndi zithunzi dongosolo la kuyeretsedwa mpweya dongosolo ndi kamangidwe ndondomeko, zofunika kwa zinthu mpweya chilengedwe, ukhondo mlingo, kutentha, chinyezi, liwiro mphepo, etc., mpweya mankhwala dongosolo, kubwerera mpweya, utsi voliyumu ndi airflow bungwe, kuyeretsedwa dongosolo kwa anthu ndi zinthu, ntchito chipinda choyera, kuipitsa m'dera fakitale ndi malo ozungulira, etc.
(1). Kuyang'ana kwa mawonekedwe a kuvomereza kukwaniritsidwa kwa chipinda choyera kudzakwaniritsa zofunikira izi.
①Kuyika mapaipi osiyanasiyana, zida zozimitsira moto zokha komanso zida zoyeretsera zoziziritsa kukhosi, mafani, zoyezera mpweya, zosefera mpweya wa hepa ndi zipinda zosambiramo mpweya ziyenera kukhala zolondola, zolimba komanso zothina, ndipo kupotoza kwawo kutsata malamulo oyenera.
②Kulumikizana pakati pa hepa ndi zosefera zapakatikati ndi chimango chothandizira ndi kulumikizana pakati pa njira ya mpweya ndi zida ziyenera kusindikizidwa modalirika.
③Zida zosinthira zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zolimba, zosinthika kusintha komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
④Sipadzakhala fumbi pabokosi loyeretsera mpweya, bokosi la static pressure, air duct system ndikupereka ndi kubweza mpweya.
⑤ Khoma lamkati, denga ndi pansi pa chipinda choyera zizikhala zosalala, zosalala, zofananira, zopanda fumbi komanso zopanda magetsi.
⑥Kutsekera kosindikiza kwa malo operekera mpweya ndi kubweza ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana, kuyatsa ndi mapaipi amagetsi ndi zida zomangira podutsa mchipinda choyera ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zodalirika.
⑦ Mitundu yonse ya matabwa ogawa, makabati mchipinda choyera ndi mapaipi amagetsi ndi pobowola mapaipi olowa mchipinda choyera azikhala osindikizidwa bwino.
⑧ Mitundu yonse ya utoto ndi ntchito zotchinjiriza ziyenera kutsata malamulo oyenera.
(2). Kutumiza ntchito kuti amalize kuvomereza kupanga zipinda zoyera
①Kuyesa kwa makina amodzi pazida zonse zokhala ndi zofunikira zoyeserera kuyenera kutsata zomwe zili muzolemba zaukadaulo wa zida. Zomwe zimafunikira pazida zamakina ziyeneranso kutsatira malamulo adziko lonse komanso miyezo yoyenera yamakampani pomanga ndi kukhazikitsa zida zamakina. Nthawi zambiri, zida zomwe zimafunikira kuyesedwa m'chipinda choyera zimaphatikizapo mayunitsi owongolera mpweya, ma air conditioners ndi ma fan box, zida zotulutsa mpweya, mabenchi oyeretsera, zodzitchinjiriza zamagetsi, mabokosi owumitsa oyera, makabati oyera osungira ndi zida zina zoyeretsera zakomweko, komanso zipinda zosambira mpweya, ma valve otsalira, zida zotsukira fumbi, etc.
②Pambuyo pa ntchito yoyeserera pamakina amodzi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi zida zowongolera mpweya wa mpweya, mpweya wobwerera, ndi makina otulutsa mpweya ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikusintha kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa dongosolo lililonse kukwaniritse zofunikira za kapangidwe kake. Cholinga cha siteji iyi yoyesera ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusintha ndi kulinganiza kwa dongosolo loyeretsa mpweya, lomwe nthawi zambiri limayenera kubwerezedwa nthawi zambiri. Mayesowa ali ndi udindo waukulu wa kontrakitala, ndipo oyang'anira zokonza zomanga amayenera kutsatira kuti adziwe bwino dongosololi. Pazifukwa izi, nthawi yoyeserera yolumikizirana ndi dongosolo kuphatikiza kuzizira ndi kutentha nthawi zambiri sikuchepera maola 8. Ndikofunikira kuti kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana kwa zida zosiyanasiyana m'dongosolo, kuphatikiza makina owongolera mpweya, makina osinthira okha, ndi zina zambiri, azigwira ntchito moyenera popanda zochitika zachilendo.
5. Njira yoyendera pozindikira zipinda zoyera
Zida zonse ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyezera ziyenera kuzindikirika, kusinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa malinga ndi malamulo. Musanayambe kuyeza, dongosolo, chipinda choyera, chipinda cha makina, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino; mutatha kuyeretsa ndi kukonza dongosolo, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuzindikira kutayikira ndi zinthu zina zimayesedwa.
(1) Njira yoyezera zipinda zoyera ndi motere:
1. Kuwomba mpweya wa fan;
2. Kuyeretsa m'nyumba;
3. Sinthani kuchuluka kwa mpweya;
4. Kukhazikitsa sing'anga bwino fyuluta;
5. Ikani fyuluta mkulu dzuwa;
6. Kugwira ntchito kwadongosolo;
7. High dzuwa kutayikira fyuluta kuzindikira;
8. Sinthani kuchuluka kwa mpweya;
9. Kusintha m'nyumba malo amodzi kuthamanga kusiyana;
10. Sinthani kutentha ndi chinyezi;
11. Kutsimikiza kwa liwiro lapakati ndi liwiro la kusafanana kwa gawo limodzi la chipinda choyera cha gawo limodzi;
12. Muyeso waukhondo wamkati;
13. Kutsimikiza kwa mabakiteriya oyandama m'nyumba ndi mabakiteriya okhazikika;
14. Ntchito ndi kusintha zokhudzana ndi zipangizo zopangira.
(2) Maziko oyendera akuphatikizapo ndondomeko, zojambula, zolemba zojambula ndi deta yaukadaulo ya zida, zomwe zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri otsatirawa.
1. Zolemba zamapangidwe, zolemba zotsimikizira kusintha kwa mapangidwe ndi mapangano ofunikira, ndi zojambula zomaliza.
2. Deta yaukadaulo ya zida.
3. "Mafotokozedwe a Cleanroom Design", "Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering Zomangamanga Zovomerezeka Zovomerezeka" pomanga ndi kukhazikitsa
6. Zizindikiro zoyendera
Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kapena kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kusiyana kwapakati pazigawo zamkati, kuyeretsa mpweya, nthawi yopuma mpweya, mabakiteriya oyandama m'nyumba ndi mabakiteriya okhazikika, kutentha ndi chinyezi chapafupi, kuthamanga kwapakati, kusinthasintha kwa liwiro, phokoso, kayendedwe ka mpweya, nthawi yodziyeretsa, kutayikira, kuwunikira (kuunikira), formaldehyde, ndi ndende ya bakiteriya.
(1). Chipinda choyera chachipatala: liwiro la mphepo, nthawi ya mpweya wabwino, kusiyana kwa mphamvu ya static, ukhondo, kutentha ndi chinyezi, phokoso, kuunikira, ndi kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya.
(2). Zipinda zoyeretsera m'makampani opanga mankhwala: mulingo waukhondo wa mpweya, kusinthasintha kwamphamvu, kuthamanga kwa mphepo kapena kuchuluka kwa mpweya, mawonekedwe a mpweya, kutentha, chinyezi, kuunikira, phokoso, nthawi yodziyeretsa, kuyika kutayikira, mabakiteriya oyandama, ndi mabakiteriya okhazikika.
(3). Zipinda zoyeretsera m'makampani amagetsi: mulingo waukhondo wa mpweya, kusiyanasiyana kwamphamvu kwapang'onopang'ono, kuthamanga kwa mphepo kapena kuchuluka kwa mpweya, mawonekedwe a mpweya, kutentha, chinyezi, kuwunikira, phokoso, ndi nthawi yodziyeretsa.
(4). Zipinda zoyeretsera m'makampani azakudya: mpweya wolowera, kusiyanasiyana kwapakatikati, ukhondo, mabakiteriya oyandama, mabakiteriya oyambitsa mpweya, phokoso, kuunikira, kutentha, chinyezi chambiri, nthawi yodziyeretsa, formaldehyde, kuthamanga kwa mpweya pagawo la Gawo loyamba la ntchito, kuthamanga kwa mpweya pakutsegulidwa kwachitukuko, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-11-2025