1. Ndondomeko ndi malangizo oyenera pa kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera
Kapangidwe ka zipinda zoyera kayenera kutsatira mfundo ndi malangizo oyenera a dziko, ndipo kayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira monga kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, kulingalira bwino zachuma, chitetezo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kutsimikizira khalidwe, kusunga ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Kapangidwe ka zipinda zoyera kayenera kupanga zofunikira pa ntchito yomanga, kukhazikitsa, kuyesa, kusamalira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, ndipo kayenera kutsatira zofunikira za miyezo ndi zofunikira za dziko zomwe zilipo panopa.
2. Kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera chonse
(1). Malo a chipinda choyera ayenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera zosowa, ndalama zogulira, ndi zina zotero. Chiyenera kukhala pamalo omwe fumbi silili bwino komanso malo abwino achilengedwe; chiyenera kukhala kutali ndi njanji, madoko, ma eyapoti, mitsempha ya magalimoto, ndi madera omwe ali ndi mpweya woipa kwambiri, kugwedezeka kapena kusokoneza phokoso, monga mafakitale ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zomwe zimatulutsa fumbi lochuluka ndi mpweya woipa, ziyenera kukhala m'malo a fakitale komwe chilengedwe chili choyera komanso komwe kuyenda kwa anthu ndi katundu sikudutsa kapena kawirikawiri (chitsanzo chenicheni: dongosolo lokonza chipinda choyera)
(2). Ngati pali chimney kumbali ya chipinda choyera chomwe chili ndi mphepo yochuluka kwambiri, mtunda wopingasa pakati pa chipinda choyera ndi chimney suyenera kukhala wochepera nthawi 12 kuposa kutalika kwa chimney, ndipo mtunda pakati pa chipinda choyera ndi msewu waukulu wamagalimoto suyenera kukhala wochepera mamita 50.
(3). Kubzala udzu kuyenera kuchitika mozungulira nyumba yoyera. Udzu ukhoza kubzalidwa, mitengo yomwe sidzawononga fumbi la mumlengalenga ikhoza kubzalidwa, ndipo malo obiriwira akhoza kupangidwa. Komabe, ntchito zozimitsa moto siziyenera kulepheretsedwa.
3. Phokoso m'chipinda choyera liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:
(1). Pa nthawi yoyesera mphamvu, phokoso mu workshop yoyera siliyenera kupitirira 65 dB(A).
(2). Pa nthawi yoyesa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa phokoso m'chipinda choyeretsera madzi oyenda movutikira sikuyenera kupitirira 58 dB(A), ndipo kuchuluka kwa phokoso m'chipinda choyeretsera madzi oyenda movutikira sikuyenera kupitirira 60 dB(A).
(3.) Kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera mopingasa komanso mopingasa kayenera kuganizira zofunikira pakulamulira phokoso. Kapangidwe ka chipinda chotchingira chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yotetezera phokoso, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chitetezo cha phokoso la gawo lililonse kuyenera kukhala kofanana. Zinthu zopanda phokoso lochepa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana m'chipinda choyera. Pazida zomwe phokoso lake limadutsa mtengo wovomerezeka wa chipinda choyera, zida zapadera zotetezera phokoso (monga zipinda zotetezera phokoso, zophimba phokoso, ndi zina zotero) ziyenera kuyikidwa.
(4). Phokoso la makina oyeretsera mpweya woyeretsedwa likapitirira mtengo wololedwa, njira zowongolera monga kutchinjiriza mawu, kuchotsa phokoso, ndi kugwedezeka kwa mawu ziyenera kutengedwa. Kuwonjezera pa utsi wotuluka mwangozi, makina otulutsira mpweya mu malo oyeretsera ayenera kupangidwa kuti achepetse phokoso. Kapangidwe ka malo oyeretsera phokoso ka chipinda choyera kayenera kuganizira zofunikira pakuyeretsa mpweya pamalo opangira, ndipo momwe chipinda choyeretsera chiyeretsedwera sichiyenera kukhudzidwa ndi kulamulira phokoso.
4. Kulamulira kugwedezeka m'chipinda choyera
(1). Njira zodzipatula zogwedera ziyenera kutengedwa pazida (kuphatikizapo mapampu amadzi, ndi zina zotero) zomwe zimakhala ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu m'chipinda choyera ndi malo othandizira ozungulira komanso mapaipi opita kuchipinda choyera.
(2). Magwero osiyanasiyana ogwedezeka mkati ndi kunja kwa chipinda choyera ayenera kuyezedwa kuti aone momwe kugwedezeka kwawo kumakhudzira chipinda choyera. Ngati pali malire ndi mikhalidwe, kugwedezeka konsekonse kungayesedwenso kutengera zomwe zachitika. Kuyenera kuyerekezedwa ndi kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa kugwedezeka kwa chilengedwe kwa zida zolondola ndi zida zolondola kuti adziwe njira zofunikira zodzipatula. Njira zodzipatula za kugwedezeka kwa zida zolondola ndi zida zolondola ziyenera kuganizira zofunikira monga kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka ndikusunga dongosolo loyenera la mpweya mchipinda choyera. Pogwiritsa ntchito choyimitsa chodzipatula cha kugwedezeka kwa kasupe wa mpweya, gwero la mpweya liyenera kukonzedwa kuti lifike pamlingo woyeretsa mpweya wa chipinda choyera.
5. Zofunikira pakupanga chipinda choyera
(1). Dongosolo la nyumba ndi malo a chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhala ndi kusinthasintha koyenera. Kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito khoma lonyamula katundu mkati. Kutalika kwa chipinda choyera kumayendetsedwa ndi kutalika kwa ukonde, komwe kuyenera kutengera modulus yoyambira ya mamilimita 100. Kulimba kwa kapangidwe ka chipinda choyera kumalumikizidwa ndi mulingo wa zida zamkati ndi zokongoletsera, ndipo kuyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo cha moto, kuwongolera kusintha kwa kutentha komanso mawonekedwe osafanana a pansi (malo ogwedezeka ndi zivomerezi ayenera kutsatira malamulo a kapangidwe ka zivomerezi).
(2). Malo olumikizirana omwe ali mu nyumba ya fakitale ayenera kupewa kudutsa m'chipinda choyera. Pamene njira yobwerera ndi mapaipi ena akufunika kubisika, mipata yaukadaulo, ngalande zaukadaulo kapena ngalande ziyenera kuyikidwa; pamene mapaipi oyima omwe amadutsa m'zigawo zokulirapo ayenera kubisika, mipata yaukadaulo iyenera kuyikidwa. Kwa mafakitale onse omwe ali ndi kupanga konsekonse komanso kupanga koyera, kapangidwe ndi kapangidwe ka nyumbayo ziyenera kupewa zotsatirapo zoyipa pakupanga koyera pankhani ya kuyenda kwa anthu, mayendedwe azinthu, komanso kupewa moto.
6. Malo oyeretsera ogwira ntchito m'chipinda choyera komanso malo oyeretsera zinthu
(1). Zipinda ndi malo oyeretsera antchito ndi zinthu ziyenera kuyikidwa m'chipinda choyera, ndipo zipinda zochezera ndi zipinda zina ziyenera kuyikidwa ngati pakufunika kutero. Zipinda zoyeretsera antchito ziyenera kukhala ndi zipinda zosungiramo zida zamvula, zipinda zoyang'anira, zipinda zosinthira nsapato, zipinda zosungiramo malaya, zimbudzi, zipinda zoyera zovala zogwirira ntchito, ndi zipinda zosambira zopumira mpweya. Zipinda zochezera monga zimbudzi, zipinda zosambira, ndi malo opumulira, komanso zipinda zina monga zipinda zotsukira zovala zogwirira ntchito ndi zipinda zowumitsira, zitha kuyikidwa ngati pakufunika kutero.
(2). Zipangizo ndi malo olowera ndi otulukira m'chipinda choyera ziyenera kukhala ndi zipinda zoyeretsera zinthu ndi zipangizo malinga ndi mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a zipangizo ndi zipangizozo. Kapangidwe ka chipinda choyeretsera zinthu kuyenera kuteteza zinthu zoyeretsera kuti zisaipitsidwe panthawi yosamutsa.
7. Kuteteza moto ndi kupulumutsa anthu m'chipinda choyera
(1). Mlingo wokana moto wa chipinda choyera suyenera kukhala wotsika kuposa mulingo wachiwiri. Denga liyenera kukhala losayaka ndipo malire ake okana moto sayenera kukhala ochepera maola 0.25. Ziwopsezo za moto za malo ochitira zinthu m'chipinda choyera zitha kugawidwa m'magulu.
(2). Chipinda choyera chiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale okhala ndi chipinda chimodzi. Malo okwanira ololedwa a chipinda chotetezera moto ndi 3000 square metres pa nyumba ya fakitale yokhala ndi chipinda chimodzi ndi 2000 square metres pa nyumba ya fakitale yokhala ndi zipinda zambiri. Denga ndi makoma (kuphatikizapo zodzaza mkati) sayenera kuyaka.
(3). Mu nyumba yonse ya fakitale yomwe ili pamalo opewera moto, khoma logawanitsa lomwe silingayaka liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti litseke malo pakati pa malo oyera opangira zinthu ndi malo onse opangira zinthu. Malire a kukana moto kwa makoma ogawanitsa ndi denga lawo lofanana nawo sayenera kupitirira ola limodzi, ndipo malire a kukana moto kwa zitseko ndi mawindo pamakoma ogawanitsa sayenera kupitirira maola 0.6. Malo opanda kanthu ozungulira mapaipi omwe amadutsa m'makoma ogawanitsa kapena padenga ayenera kudzazidwa bwino ndi zinthu zosayaka.
(4). Khoma la shaft yaukadaulo liyenera kukhala losayaka, ndipo malire ake oletsa moto sayenera kupitirira ola limodzi. Malire oletsa moto pachitseko chowunikira pakhoma la shaft sayenera kupitirira maola 0.6; mu shaft, pansi iliyonse kapena pansi imodzi, matupi osayaka ofanana ndi malire oletsa moto a pansi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulekanitsa moto mopingasa; kuzungulira mapaipi odutsa pakati pa moto wopingasa Mipata iyenera kudzazidwa bwino ndi zinthu zosayaka.
(5). Chiwerengero cha malo otulukira otetezeka pa chipinda chilichonse chopangira zinthu, malo aliwonse otetezera moto kapena malo aliwonse oyera m'chipinda choyera sichiyenera kupitirira awiri. Mitundu m'chipinda choyera iyenera kukhala yopepuka komanso yofewa. Chiŵerengero cha kuwala kwa zinthu zilizonse zamkati chiyenera kukhala 0.6-0.8 pa denga ndi makoma; 0.15-0.35 pa nthaka.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-06-2024