Chiyambi
Monga chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zapamwamba, zipinda zoyera zawona kukula kwakukulu kofunikira m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kosalekeza komanso kufunikira kwa msika komwe kukukula, ntchito zomanga ndi zothandizira zaukadaulo wa zipinda zoyera zafika pamlingo wapamwamba komanso ukadaulo.
Monga nthambi yodziwika bwino yomanga uinjiniya, uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera sikuti umangokhudza zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga kuwongolera khalidwe la zinthu ndi kukonza bwino ntchito yopangira, komanso umakhudza mwachindunji mpikisano wamakampani komanso chitukuko chabwino komanso chokhazikika cha unyolo wonse wamakampani. Chifukwa chake, opanga mfundo pamlingo wadziko lonse ndi wakomweko, pamodzi ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana oyika ndalama ndi omwe akutenga nawo mbali mumakampani, onse awonetsa chidwi chachikulu ndi chithandizo pa gawo la msika uwu.
Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe makampani omanga nyumba zotsukira zipinda zoyera amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zinthu zilili panopa kudzera mu kusanthula ziwerengero za makampani omwe zambiri zawo zolembetsa mafakitale ndi zamalonda zikuphatikizapo mawu akuti "cleanroom engineering" kapena "purification engineering" (omwe tsopano akutchedwa "purification engineering"), ndikupereka chithunzithunzi chokwanira.
Pofika kumapeto kwa Novembala 2024, makampani okwana 9,220 otere adaphatikizidwa mdziko lonse, pomwe 7,016 anali kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi ndipo 2,417 adachotsedwa m'makalata. Chodziwika bwino n'chakuti, kuyambira mu 2010, chiwerengero cha makampani atsopano okonza zipinda zoyera chawonetsa kukwera pang'onopang'ono: poyamba, makampani atsopano pafupifupi 200 adawonjezedwa pachaka, kufika pafupifupi 800-900 m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chiŵerengero cha kukula kwapakati chopitirira 10%.
Mu 2024, kukula kwa msika wa makampani opanga zipinda zoyera kunachepa kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chiwerengero cha makampani atsopano kuyambira Januwale mpaka Novembala chinali 612, kuchepa kwa 37% kuchokera pa 973 munthawi yomweyi ya 2023. Kutsika kumeneku kukuyimira chimodzi mwa kuchepa kwakukulu komwe kunachitika m'zaka 15 zapitazi. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale panali zovuta, chiwerengero cha makampani atsopano chaka chino chinapitirira 9%, kupitirira kuchuluka kwapakati pa makampani onse opanga zinthu.
Kuchokera ku malo, kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera m'madera osiyanasiyana kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa madera otsogola. Zigawo zisanu zoyandikana za Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, ndi Zhejiang ndizo malo ofunikira kwambiri mumakampaniwa, kutsatiridwa ndi Chigawo cha Guangdong. Kachitidwe kameneka kamasiyana ndi kugawa kwenikweni kwa mapulojekiti atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo monga Zhejiang ndi Hebei zili ndi mapulojekiti ambiri opanga uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera, koma kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera m'deralo sikuli pamwamba.
Kuti timvetse bwino mphamvu za chigawo chilichonse mumakampani opanga zipinda zoyera ndi zoyera, nkhaniyi ikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zolipiridwa ngati chiŵerengero, kugawa makampani omwe ali ndi ndalama zolipiridwa zopitilira RMB 5 miliyoni ngati atsogoleri m'gawoli. Kuchokera ku malo, kugawa kumeneku kukuwonetsanso kusiyana kwa madera: Zigawo za Jiangsu ndi Guangdong zimaonekera chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zachuma. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngakhale madera a Shandong, Henan, ndi Anhui ali ndi makampani ambiri, sachita bwino kwambiri kuposa madera ena pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa makampani apamwamba, ndipo ali ndi makampani ambiri ofanana.
Kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa madera osiyanasiyana ndi mizinda m'zaka zisanu zapitazi kukuwonetsa kuti, ngakhale kuti maderawa akuchita bwino kwambiri, chigawo cha Guangdong chili kumbuyo pankhondo yolimbana ndi malo asanu apamwamba. Pakadali pano, madera a Hubei ndi Jiangxi, omwe ali pakati pa China, awonetsa kukula kwakukulu. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti pamlingo wa mizinda m'chigawo, mizinda yayikulu ya madera monga Zhengzhou, Wuhan, ndi Hefei yawonetsa kukwera kwakukulu. Izi zikugwirizana ndi njira yachitukuko yadziko lonse yomwe ikusunthira kumadera apakati ndi akumadzulo, komwe maderawa akuchulukirachulukira kukhala oyambitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale.
Suzhou ndi Wujiang, mizinda yotsogola m'chigawo cha Jiangsu. M'dziko lonselo, mizinda 16 yokha ya zigawo ndi yomwe ili ndi makampani oposa 100 omwe amagwira ntchito mu gawo la uinjiniya woyeretsa. Chigawo cha Wujiang ku Suzhou chikutsogolera ndi makampani pafupifupi 600, kuposa mizinda ina yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwerengero cha makampani m'mizinda ya zigawo m'chigawochi nthawi zambiri chimaposa avareji ya zigawo. Chodziwika bwino n'chakuti, chiwerengero cha makampani atsopano omwe adakhazikitsidwa m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi chakhala chokwera kwambiri kuposa m'madera ena, ndipo oposa theka ali ndi ndalama zolipirira (poyerekeza ndi mizinda yambiri m'maboma ena, komwe makampani ambiri atsopano sanamalize kulipira kotereku).
Chigawo cha Guangdong, chomwe chili mtsogoleri ku South China, chikuwona kufooka kwa kukula. Monga mtsogoleri ku South China, Chigawo cha Guangdong chili pamalo achiwiri olimba mu gawo la uinjiniya woyeretsa. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chakumana ndi zovuta pakuwonjezera makampani atsopano, zomwe zapangitsa kuti kukula kuchepe. Komabe, Chigawo cha Guangdong chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa malo m'gawo lake la uinjiniya woyeretsa zipinda. Guangdong, Shenzhen, ndi Zhuhai sizimangokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi mabizinesi m'chigawochi, komanso nthawi zonse zimakhala pakati pa mizinda isanu yapamwamba mdziko lonselo.
Chigawo cha Shandong: Chofalikira Kwambiri, Chachikulu Koma Chopanda Mphamvu. Mosiyana kwambiri ndi Jiangsu ndi Guangdong, gawo la uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera ku Shandong Province likuwonetsa kufalikira kwakukulu. Ngakhale m'mizinda yofunika kwambiri pandale komanso zachuma monga Jinan ndi Qingdao, kuchuluka kwa anthu sikokwera kwambiri kuposa m'mizinda ikuluikulu m'maboma ena. Komabe, ponena za chiwerengero chonse, Shandong ikadali pakati pa atatu apamwamba mdziko lonse. Komabe, izi "zazikulu koma zosalimba" zikuwonekeranso chifukwa chosowa mabizinesi otsogola. Komabe, molimbikitsa, chiwerengero cha mabizinesi atsopano omwe akhazikitsidwa ku Chigawo cha Shandong chaposa cha Chigawo cha Guangdong m'zaka zaposachedwa, kusonyeza kuthekera kwakukulu kwakukula.
Chidule
Tikuwona njira zingapo zofunika kwambiri zopititsira patsogolo makampani opanga zipinda zoyera m'nyumba. Choyamba, kukula konse kudzachepa, ndipo kuchepa kwa kupezeka kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mabizinesi atsopano. Chachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa makampani ndi "zotsatira za mutu" zidzakula kwambiri, zomwe zikuthandizira kuthetsa mabizinesi omwe akutsalira pomwe mabizinesi otsogola omwe ali ndi mpikisano waukulu akuyembekezeka kutenga gawo lalikulu la msika. Pomaliza, makampani m'mizinda ina yamkati akuyembekezeka kutuluka, makamaka m'mizinda yayikulu ya zigawo, komwe akatswiri akukwera, amphamvu mokwanira kupikisana ndi makampani otsogola m'malo odziwika bwino monga Jiangsu ndi Guangzhou, akuyembekezeka kutuluka. Kusintha kumeneku sikungowonetsa kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa makampani komanso kumabweretsa mwayi watsopano ndi zovuta m'madera ndi makampani osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-19-2025