Mawu Oyamba
Monga chithandizo chofunikira pakupanga zinthu zapamwamba, zipinda zoyera zawona kukula kwakukulu pazaka khumi zapitazi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kosalekeza komanso kufunikira kwa msika, zomangamanga zauinjiniya waukhondo ndi ntchito zothandizira zachita bwino kwambiri komanso ukadaulo.
Monga nthambi yofunikira kwambiri yomanga uinjiniya, uinjiniya wa zipinda zoyeretsa sikuti umangokhudza mbali zazikulu monga kuwongolera kwamtundu wazinthu komanso kuwongolera bwino kwa kapangidwe, komanso zimakhudzanso mpikisano wamakampani komanso chitukuko chathanzi komanso chokhazikika chamakampani onse. Chifukwa chake, opanga mfundo m'magawo adziko ndi am'deralo, pamodzi ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana azachuma ndi omwe atenga nawo gawo pamakampani, onse awonetsa chidwi komanso kuthandizira gawo ili la msika.
Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufotokoza momveka bwino momwe makampani omanga nyumba zoyeretsera zipinda zoyera zikuyendera kudzera pakuwunika kwamakampani omwe chidziwitso chawo cholembetsa m'mafakitale ndi malonda chimaphatikizapo mawu oti "uinjiniya wapachipinda choyera" kapena "uinjiniya woyeretsa" (omwe amalitcha kuti "umisiri woyeretsera"), ndikupereka chithunzithunzi chokwanira.
Pofika kumapeto kwa November 2024, makampani okwana 9,220 anaphatikizidwa m’dziko lonselo, ndipo 7,016 anali kugwira ntchito bwinobwino ndipo 2,417 anachotsedwa. Makamaka, kuyambira 2010, kuchuluka kwamakampani omwe angokhazikitsidwa kumene ainjiniya akuwonetsa kukwera pang'onopang'ono: poyambira, pafupifupi makampani 200 amawonjezedwa pachaka, kukwera mpaka pafupifupi 800-900 m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula kwakukula kupitilira 10%.
Mu 2024, kukula kwa msika wamakampani opanga uinjiniya kutsika kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chiwerengero cha makampani omwe adangokhazikitsidwa kumene kuyambira Januwale mpaka November anali 612, kuchepa kwa 37% kuchokera ku 973 mu nthawi yomweyi ya 2023. Kutsika uku kukuwonetsa kutsika kosowa kwambiri m'zaka 15 zapitazi. Komabe, ndizodabwitsa kuti ngakhale pali zovuta, kuchuluka kwamakampani omwe adangokhazikitsidwa kumene mchaka adakhalabe pamwamba pa 9%, kupitilira kukula kwamakampani opanga zinthu zonse.
Kutengera momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, kuchuluka kwamakampani omwe amagwira ntchito m'zipinda zoyera ndikwambiri, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zigawo zotsogola. Zigawo zisanu zolumikizana za Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, ndi Zhejiang ndizomwe zimayambira mphamvu zamakampani, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Chigawo cha Guangdong. Chitsanzochi chimasiyana ndi kugawidwa kwenikweni kwa ntchito zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, zigawo monga Zhejiang ndi Hebei zimadzitamandira ndi ntchito zambiri zauinjiniya wa zipinda zoyera, komabe kuchuluka kwamakampani okonza zipinda zoyeretsera sikukwera.
Kuti timvetse mozama za mphamvu ya chigawo chilichonse m'makampani opanga ukhondo ndi zipinda zoyeretsera, nkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zolipiridwa ngati metric, kugawa makampani omwe ali ndi ndalama zolipiridwa kuposa RMB 5 miliyoni ngati atsogoleri pantchitoyo. Malinga ndi malo, magawowa akuwunikiranso kusiyana kwa zigawo: zigawo za Jiangsu ndi Guangdong zimadziwika chifukwa champhamvu zawo zachuma. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene zigawo za Shandong, Henan, ndi Anhui zimadzitamandira makampani ochulukirapo, samachita bwino kwambiri kuposa zigawo zina zamakampani apamwamba, kusunga chiwerengero chofanana cha makampani apamwamba.
Kuyang'ana kukula kwa zigawo ndi matauni osiyanasiyana m'zaka zisanu zapitazi kukuwonetsa kuti, ngakhale achita bwino kwambiri, Chigawo cha Guangdong chikutsalira pankhondo yomenyera maudindo asanu. Pakadali pano, zigawo za Hubei ndi Jiangxi, zomwe zili pakati pa China, zawonetsa kukula kwakukulu. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndichakuti m'magawo amizinda, mizinda yayikulu yakumidzi monga Zhengzhou, Wuhan, ndi Hefei awonetsa kukwezeka kwambiri. Izi zikugwirizana ndi njira yachitukuko ya dziko yomwe ikusunthira kumadera apakati ndi kumadzulo, kumene maderawa akukhala otsogolera kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mafakitale.
Suzhou ndi Wujiang, mizinda ikuluikulu m'chigawo cha Jiangsu. Padziko lonse lapansi, mizinda 16 yokhayo ili ndi makampani opitilira 100 omwe akugwira ntchito yoyeretsa. Chigawo cha Wujiang ku Suzhou chikutsogola ndi makampani pafupifupi 600, kuposa mizinda ina yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwamakampani m'mizinda yayikulu m'chigawochi nthawi zambiri kumaposa avareji yazigawo. Makamaka, kuchuluka kwamakampani omwe angokhazikitsidwa kumene m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi kwakweranso kwambiri kuposa madera ena, ndipo opitilira theka anali ndi ndalama zolipirira (poyerekeza ndi mizinda yambiri m'zigawo zina, komwe makampani ambiri omwe angokhazikitsidwa kumene sanamalize kulipirako).
Chigawo cha Guangdong, mtsogoleri ku South China, akuwona kufooka kwakukula. Monga mtsogoleri ku South China, Chigawo cha Guangdong chimakhala ndi malo achiwiri pagawo laumisiri woyeretsa. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zakhala zikukumana ndi zovuta pakuwonjezera makampani atsopano, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kukula kuchepe. Komabe, Chigawo cha Guangdong chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa malo mu gawo lake laumisiri waukhondo. Guangdong, Shenzhen, ndi Zhuhai samangokhala ndi mabungwe ambiri okhudzana ndi chigawochi, komanso nthawi zonse amakhala pakati pa mizinda isanu yapamwamba mdziko lonse.
Chigawo cha Shandong: Chogawidwa Mochuluka, Chachikulu Kwambiri Koma Chopanda Mphamvu. Mosiyana kwambiri ndi Jiangsu ndi Guangdong, gawo la engineering la Shandong Province likuwonetsa kubalalitsidwa kwakukulu. Ngakhale m'mizinda yofunika kwambiri pazandale komanso zachuma monga Jinan ndi Qingdao, kuchuluka kwa anthu sikukwera kwambiri kuposa m'mizinda yayikulu m'zigawo zina. Komabe, ponena za chiwerengero chonse, Shandong akadali pakati pa atatu apamwamba m'dziko lonselo. Komabe, chodabwitsa ichi "chachikulu koma chosalimba" chikuwonekeranso chifukwa chosowa mabizinesi otsogola. Komabe, zolimbikitsa, kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi omwe angokhazikitsidwa kumene m'chigawo cha Shandong chaposa chigawo cha Guangdong m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuwonetsa kuthekera kokulirapo.
Chidule
Timawoneratu zochitika zingapo zazikuluzikulu zamakampani opanga ukhondo wapanyumba. Choyamba, kukula konseko kudzachedwa, ndipo kuchepa kwa kupezeka kungayambitse kuchepa kwa mabizinesi atsopano. Chachiwiri, kukhazikika kwamakampani komanso "kuyambitsa" kuchulukirachulukira, ndikufulumizitsa kuthetseratu mabizinesi omwe akucheperachepera pomwe mabizinesi otsogola omwe ali ndi mpikisano wofunikira akuyembekezeka kutenga gawo lalikulu pamsika. Pomaliza, makampani m'mizinda ina yakumtunda akuyembekezeka kutuluka, makamaka m'magawo akulu, komwe nyenyezi zomwe zikukwera, zamphamvu zokwanira kupikisana ndi makampani otsogola mu "malo oyeretsa" monga Jiangsu ndi Guangzhou, akuyembekezeka kutuluka. Zosinthazi sizimangowonetsa kukonzanso kwakukulu kwamakampani komanso zimapereka mwayi watsopano ndi zovuta m'magawo ndi makampani osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-19-2025