1. Fumbi particles kuchotsa mu fumbi wopanda ukhondo chipinda
Ntchito yayikulu ya chipinda choyera ndikuwongolera ukhondo, kutentha ndi chinyezi chamlengalenga chomwe zinthu (monga silicon chips, etc.) zimawonekera, kuti zinthuzo zizipangidwa ndikupangidwira pamalo abwino. Malowa timawatcha kuti chipinda choyera. Malinga ndi machitidwe apadziko lonse lapansi, mulingo waukhondo umatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono pa kiyubiki mita ya mpweya ndi m'mimba mwake kuposa muyezo wamagulu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zomwe zimatchedwa zopanda fumbi sizili 100% zopanda fumbi, koma zimayendetsedwa mugawo laling'ono kwambiri. Zoonadi, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakumana ndi fumbi mu muyezo uwu ndi tating'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi fumbi wamba lomwe timaliwona, koma kwa mawonekedwe a kuwala, ngakhale fumbi laling'ono lidzakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, kotero kuti fumbi lopanda fumbi ndilofunika kosapeŵeka pakupanga zinthu zopangira kuwala.
Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuposa kapena tofanana ndi 0,5 microns pa kiyubiki mita mpaka zosakwana 3520/cubic mita kudzafika kalasi A ya muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wopanda fumbi. Mulingo wopanda fumbi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kukonza ma chip-level uli ndi zofunika kwambiri pafumbi kuposa gulu A, ndipo muyezo wapamwamba wotere umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga tchipisi tapamwamba. Kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumayendetsedwa mosamalitsa pa 35,200 pa kiyubiki mita, yomwe imadziwika kuti kalasi B mumakampani oyeretsa zipinda.
2. Mitundu itatu ya zipinda zoyera
Chipinda chopanda kanthu: Chipinda chaukhondo chomwe chamangidwa ndipo chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Lili ndi mautumiki onse oyenera ndi ntchito. Komabe, palibe zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito pamalowo.
Chipinda choyera chokhazikika: chipinda choyera chokhala ndi ntchito zonse, zoikamo zoyenera ndikuyika, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi zoikamo kapena zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma palibe ogwira ntchito pamalopo.
Chipinda choyera champhamvu: chipinda choyera chogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, chokhala ndi ntchito zonse, zida ndi antchito; ngati kuli kofunikira, ntchito yabwinobwino ikhoza kuchitika.
3. Kuwongolera zinthu
(1). Ikhoza kuchotsa fumbi particles akuyandama mu mlengalenga.
(2). Angalepheretse mbadwo wa fumbi particles.
(3). Kuwongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi.
(4). Kuwongolera kukakamiza.
(5). Kuchotsa mpweya woipa.
(6). Kuthina kwa mpweya kwa zomanga ndi zigawo.
(7). Kupewa kwa static magetsi.
(8). Kupewa kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic.
(9). Kuganizira za chitetezo.
(10). Kuganizira za kupulumutsa mphamvu.
4. Gulu
Mtundu wothamanga wa chipwirikiti
Mpweya umalowa m'chipinda choyera kuchokera mu bokosi lowongolera mpweya kudzera mu njira ya mpweya ndi fyuluta ya mpweya (HEPA) m'chipinda choyera, ndikubwezedwa kuchokera pamagawo a khoma kapena malo okwera mbali zonse za chipinda choyera. Kuyenda kwa mpweya sikumayenda motsatira mzere koma kumapereka chipwirikiti kapena chipwirikiti. Mtundu uwu ndi woyenera kalasi 1,000-100,000 chipinda choyera.
Tanthauzo: Chipinda choyera chomwe mpweya umayenda pa liwiro losafanana ndipo sichifanana, chotsagana ndi kubwerera mmbuyo kapena eddy current.
Mfundo Yofunika Kuiganizira: Zipinda zaukhondo zokhala ndi chipwirikiti zimadalira mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kuti uchepetse mpweya wamkati mosalekeza ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti ukhale waukhondo (zipinda zokhala ndi chipwirikiti nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira paukhondo wopitilira 1,000 mpaka 300,000).
Zofunika: Zipinda zaukhondo zokhala ndi chipwirikiti zimadalira mpweya wabwino wambiri kuti zikwaniritse ukhondo ndi ukhondo. Kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa mpweya kumatsimikizira mulingo woyeretsedwa mu tanthauzo (pamene mpweya umasinthasintha, umakhala wokwera kwambiri)
(1) Nthawi yodziyeretsa: imatanthawuza nthawi yomwe chipinda choyera chimayamba kupereka mpweya kuchipinda choyera molingana ndi nambala yolowera mpweya komanso fumbi m'chipindamo limafika pamlingo waukhondo wamagulu 1,000 akuyembekezeka kukhala osapitilira mphindi 20 (mphindi 15 zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera) kalasi 10,000 ikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphindi 20 (2 mphindi 5) 100,000 ikuyembekezeka kukhala yosapitilira mphindi 40 (mphindi 30 zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera)
(2) Mpweya wafupipafupi (wopangidwa molingana ndi zomwe zili pamwambazi zodziyeretsa nthawi) kalasi 1,000: 43.5-55.3 nthawi / ola (muyezo: nthawi 50 / ola) kalasi 10,000: 23.8-28.6 nthawi / ola (muyezo: 25 nthawi / ola, 4 00 / 10 100 kalasi). (muyezo: 15 nthawi / ola)
Ubwino: kapangidwe kosavuta, mtengo wotsika womanga, kukulitsa chipinda choyera mosavuta, m'malo ena apadera, benchi yopanda fumbi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza chipinda choyera.
Zoipa: particles fumbi chifukwa cha chipwirikiti tiyandama m'nyumba danga ndipo n'zovuta kutulutsa, amene mosavuta kuipitsa ndondomeko mankhwala. Kuonjezera apo, ngati dongosololo liyimitsidwa ndikutsegulidwa, nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti zikwaniritse ukhondo wofunikira.
Kutuluka kwa laminar
Mpweya wotuluka wa laminar umayenda molunjika mzere wowongoka. Mpweya umalowa m'chipindamo kudzera mu fyuluta yokhala ndi 100% yophimba ndipo imabwezeretsedwa pansi pamtunda kapena matabwa ogawa mbali zonse. Mtundu uwu ndi woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda zoyera zokhala ndi zipinda zoyera, nthawi zambiri kalasi 1 ~ 100. Pali mitundu iwiri:
(1) Kuyenda kopingasa kwa laminar: Mpweya wopingasa umawulutsidwa kuchokera ku fyuluta kupita mbali imodzi ndikubwezeredwa ndi mpweya wobwerera kukhoma lina. Fumbi limatulutsidwa panja ndi njira ya mpweya. Nthawi zambiri, kuipitsa kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kumunsi kwa mtsinje.
Ubwino wake: Mapangidwe osavuta, amatha kukhala okhazikika pakangopita nthawi yochepa atagwira ntchito.
Zoipa: Mtengo womanga ndi wapamwamba kusiyana ndi kuyenda kwa chipwirikiti, ndipo malo amkati si ophweka kukulitsa.
(2) Kuyenda kwa laminar yoyima: Denga la chipindacho limakutidwa ndi zosefera za ULPA, ndipo mpweya umawomberedwa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, womwe ungathe kukhala aukhondo kwambiri. Fumbi lopangidwa panthawiyi kapena ndi ogwira ntchito limatha kutulutsidwa mwachangu panja popanda kukhudza malo ena antchito.
Ubwino: Kuwongolera kosavuta, mkhalidwe wokhazikika ukhoza kupezedwa pakangopita nthawi yochepa pambuyo poyambira, komanso osakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi boma kapena ogwira ntchito.
Kuipa kwake: Mtengo wokwera womanga, wovuta kugwiritsa ntchito malo, zopachika padenga zimatenga malo ambiri, komanso zovuta kukonza ndikusintha zosefera.
Mtundu wa kompositi
Mtundu wophatikizika ndi kuphatikiza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chipwirikiti otaya mtundu ndi laminar otaya mtundu pamodzi, amene angapereke m'dera kopitilira muyeso-ukhondo mpweya.
(1) Tunnel Yoyera: Gwiritsani ntchito zosefera za HEPA kapena ULPA kuti mutseke 100% ya malo ogwirira ntchito kapena malo ogwirira ntchito kuti muwonjezere ukhondo mpaka pamwamba pa Gulu la 10, zomwe zingapulumutse ndalama zoyika ndi zogwirira ntchito.
Mtundu uwu umafuna kuti malo ogwirira ntchito asiyanitsidwe ndi mankhwala ndi kukonza makina kuti asasokoneze ntchito ndi khalidwe panthawi yokonza makina.
Ngalande zoyera zili ndi zabwino zina ziwiri: A. Zosavuta kukulitsa mosinthasintha; B. Kukonza zida kungathe kuchitidwa mosavuta m'dera lokonzekera.
(2) Tube Yoyera: Kuzungulira ndi kuyeretsa mzere wopangira zodziwikiratu womwe umadutsamo, ndikuwonjezera ukhondo mpaka pamwamba pa kalasi ya 100. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala, oyendetsa ndi malo opangira fumbi ali olekanitsidwa, mpweya wochepa wa mpweya ukhoza kukwaniritsa ukhondo wabwino, womwe ungathe kupulumutsa mphamvu ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa mizere yopangira makina omwe safuna ntchito yamanja. Imagwira ntchito kumakampani opanga mankhwala, chakudya ndi semiconductor.
(3) Malo Oyera: Mulingo waukhondo wa malo opangira zinthu m'chipinda choyera chopanda chipwirikiti chokhala ndi chipinda choyera cha 10,000 ~ 100,000 ukuwonjezeka mpaka 10 ~ 1000 kapena kupitilira apo kuti apange; Mabenchi aukhondo ogwirira ntchito, shedi, zipinda zoyeretsedwa kale, ndi zovala zaukhondo zili m'gululi.
Benchi yoyera: kalasi 1 ~ 100.
Malo oyeretsera: Malo ang'onoang'ono ozunguliridwa ndi nsalu zapulasitiki zotsutsana ndi malo owoneka bwino m'chipinda choyera, pogwiritsa ntchito HEPA kapena ULPA ndi mayunitsi oyatsira mpweya kuti akhale malo apamwamba apamwamba, okhala ndi msinkhu wa 10 ~ 1000, kutalika kwa mamita 2.5, ndi malo ofikira pafupifupi 10m2 kapena kuchepera. Ili ndi mizati inayi ndipo ili ndi mawilo osunthika kuti azitha kusinthasintha.
5. Kuyenda kwa mpweya
Kufunika kwa Airflow
Ukhondo wa chipinda chaukhondo nthawi zambiri umakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuyenda ndi kufalikira kwa fumbi lopangidwa ndi anthu, zipinda zamakina, zomangamanga, ndi zina zotero zimayendetsedwa ndi mpweya.
Chipinda choyera chimagwiritsa ntchito HEPA ndi ULPA kuti zisefe mpweya, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa fumbi kumafika pa 99.97 ~ 99.99995%, kotero kuti mpweya wosefedwa ndi fyulutayi ukhoza kunenedwa kuti ndi woyera kwambiri. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa anthu, palinso magwero a fumbi monga makina mu chipinda choyera. Fumbi lopangidwali likafalikira, sikutheka kusunga malo oyera, kotero kuti mpweya uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti utulutse fumbi lopangidwa panja.
Zinthu Zosonkhezera
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza kayendedwe ka mpweya m'chipinda choyera, monga zipangizo zamakono, ogwira ntchito, zipangizo zopangira chipinda choyera, zowunikira, ndi zina zotero.
Malo otsegulira mpweya omwe ali pamwamba pa tebulo logwiritsira ntchito kapena zida zopangira ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa 2/3 ya mtunda pakati pa malo oyera achipinda ndi bolodi yogawa. Mwa njira iyi, pamene wogwira ntchitoyo akugwira ntchito, mpweya wa mpweya ukhoza kuyenda kuchokera mkati mwa malo ogwirira ntchito kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito ndikuchotsa fumbi; ngati malo osinthira akhazikitsidwa kutsogolo kwa malo opangirako, idzakhala njira yolakwika ya airflow. Panthawiyi, mpweya wambiri umadutsa kumbuyo kwa ndondomekoyi, ndipo fumbi lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi ntchito ya woyendetsa lidzatengedwera kumbuyo kwa zipangizo, ndipo benchi yogwirira ntchito idzaipitsidwa, ndipo zokolola zidzachepa.
Zopinga monga matebulo ogwirira ntchito m'zipinda zaukhondo zidzakhala ndi mitsinje yamatope pamphambano, ndipo ukhondo pafupi nawo udzakhala wosauka. Kubowola dzenje la mpweya wobwerera pa tebulo la ntchito kudzachepetsa zochitika za eddy; ngati kusankha kwa zipangizo zochitira msonkhano kuli koyenera komanso ngati mapangidwe a zipangizo ali abwino ndi zinthu zofunikanso kuti mpweya uzikhala wodabwitsa.
6. Mapangidwe a chipinda choyera
Kupanga kwa chipinda choyera kumapangidwa ndi machitidwe otsatirawa (palibe chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri mu mamolekyu a dongosolo), apo ayi sizingatheke kupanga chipinda choyera chathunthu komanso chapamwamba:
(1) Dongosolo la denga: kuphatikiza ndodo ya denga, I-beam kapena U-beam, gridi ya denga kapena denga.
(2) Air conditioning system: kuphatikizapo mpweya kanyumba, fyuluta dongosolo, windmill, etc.
(3) Khoma logawa: kuphatikiza mazenera ndi zitseko.
(4) Pansi: kuphatikiza pansi pamtunda kapena anti-static floor.
(5) Zowunikira zowunikira: Nyali yoyeretsa ya LED.
Chipinda chachikulu cha chipinda choyera nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena simenti ya fupa, koma ziribe kanthu kuti ndi yotani, iyenera kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi:
A. Palibe ming'alu yomwe idzachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kugwedezeka;
B. Sikophweka kupanga tinthu ta fumbi, ndipo ndizovuta kuti tinthu tigwirizane;
C. Low hygroscopicity;
D. Pofuna kusunga chinyezi m'chipinda choyera, kutentha kwa kutentha kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu;
7. Gulu pogwiritsa ntchito
Chipinda choyera cha mafakitale
Kulamulira kwa tinthu topanda moyo ndi chinthu. Imawongolera makamaka kuipitsidwa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya ku chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito, ndipo mkati mwake nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino. Ndi oyenera makampani mwatsatanetsatane makina, makampani zamagetsi (semiconductors, madera Integrated, etc.), Azamlengalenga, mkulu-chiyero mankhwala makampani, atomiki mphamvu makampani, kuwala ndi maginito mankhwala makampani (CD, filimu, kupanga tepi) LCD (madzi galasi galasi), litayamba kompyuta, kupanga mutu kompyuta ndi mafakitale ena.
Tizilombo toyera chipinda
Makamaka amawongolera kuipitsidwa kwa tinthu tamoyo (mabakiteriya) ndi tinthu tating'ono topanda moyo (fumbi) ku chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito. Ikhoza kugawidwa mu;
A. Chipinda choyera chachilengedwe chonse: chimawongolera makamaka kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zokhala ndi mabakiteriya. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zipangizo zake zamkati ziyenera kupirira kukokoloka kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana ophera tizilombo, ndipo mkati mwake nthawi zambiri zimatsimikizira kupanikizika kwabwino. Kwenikweni, zida zamkati ziyenera kupirira machiritso osiyanasiyana ochotsa m'chipinda choyera cha mafakitale. Zitsanzo: makampani opanga mankhwala, zipatala (zipinda zogwirira ntchito, mawodi osabala), chakudya, zodzoladzola, kupanga chakumwa chakumwa, ma labotale anyama, ma laboratories oyesa thupi ndi mankhwala, malo opangira magazi, ndi zina zambiri.
B. Chipinda choyera chachitetezo chachilengedwe: chimawongolera makamaka kuipitsidwa kwa tinthu tating'ono ta chinthu chogwira ntchito kudziko lakunja ndi anthu. Kupanikizika kwamkati kuyenera kusungidwa koyipa ndi mlengalenga. Zitsanzo: bacteriology, biology, ma laboratories oyera, zomangamanga (majini ophatikizana, kukonzekera katemera)
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-07-2025